24
1. : .
, .
Z = ,
ℓ /λ .
(I2=0) Z :
Z .= .
, Z = .
, Z .=jX , , , .. .
ℓ /λ , Z ∞. .
ℓ /λ=(1/4)(2+1), =0,1,2,3,∞.
ℓ /λ=/2, =1,2,3,∞.
ℓ =0 Z =-j∞, ℓ =λ/4 Z =0; ℓ =λ/2 Z =j∞ .. X. .1. , , ¼ ½ .. ¼ ½ .
: .. , =0 ℓ.
, Z . , tg .
Z .= .
X.
ℓ λ 3λ/4 λ/2 λ/4
.1
X.. ℓ .2. , . , , . .
X.
ℓ λ 3λ/4 λ/2 λ/4
.2
, (Z =R2≠ρ);
R2> ρ:
, ℓ , , sin(2β ℓ)=0. ℓ =nλ/ ℓ, n=0,1,2,.
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, λ/4 . Z .
0< ℓ <λ/4, Z =R-jX; ℓ =λ/4, Z = ρ /R2.
λ/4< ℓ <λ/2, Z =R+jX; ℓ =λ/2, Z =R2.
R2<ρ, ℓ =nλ/4, :
n=0, ℓ =0, Z =R2;
0< ℓ <λ/4 X ; ℓ =λ/4, Z = ρ²/R2;
λ/4 < ℓ <λ/2 X ; ℓ =λ/2, Z =R2.
, λ/4 (R2<ρ) , R1 ρ²/R2>R2.
R1>R2 .
:
Z =jρctg[β(ℓ + ℓ `)], ℓ `= < λ/4;
Z =jρtg[β(ℓ + ℓ `)], ℓ `= < λ/4.
, , , ,
Z = .
, , , , : Z = ρ (. .5).
λ/4, Z =R (.3). ℓ =λ/4,
:
A D
Z (λ/4) ρ Z ρ1 ρ2 Z = ρ2
ℓ= λ/4 B ℓ = λ/4 F
.3 .4
.
, Z . , , . ρ1, ρ2. , (.4). ρ1=100 ; ρ2=400 =200 . R=200²/400=100 , R=200²/100=400 (.5).
A D A D
ρ1=100 Z 1=400 O Z 1=100 O
Z =400 Z 2=400 O
ρ=200 ρ=200
B ℓ =λ/4 F B ℓ =λ/4 F
.5
, , 100 . 200 , ( D, F .4) 100, 400 . , - 100 400 , .
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1. , , , . . ( .)
2. , λ (4/16) λ (1/16) λ. .1.
3. , R=15, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1500, 3000, 10 000, 20 000 . .2.
3.2. . . .
,
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. - .
5. .
1. .6. f, λ (. ), .
V1
R=1
VI
.6
. U1= =const. , , , . : f; (15/16)f; (14/16)f; (13/16)f (12/16)f (12/16)f , ℓ =(3/4)λ. . , , V1 .
1
ℓ /λ | Z = | ||||||||||||
f, | - | ||||||||||||
Z = =ρ | Z =ρ | Z =0 | Z =∞ | Z = =ρ | |||||||||
R, | UI, | R, | UI, | R, | UI, | ||||||||
4/16 5/16 6/16 7/16 8/16 9/16 10/16 11/16 12/16 13/16 14/16 15/16 16/16 |
VI. (12/16)f , , .. . (3/4)λ. , , . U1. (11/16)f; (10/16)f; (9/16)f; (8/16)f ( , ℓ =(1/2)λ, (8/16)f , ). , (7/16)f; (6/16)f; (5/16)f; (4/16)f. (4/16)f λ/4. 1.
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2. .
3. , ℓ =λ/4. . .3 . , 15 . R=15 R=0 , R=50 R=50 15=35 ..
V1, VI R. 2.
2
U1= ; ρ=; ℓ =λ/4 | |||||
Z , | Z , | ||||
UI, | R, | Z , | |||
. . . |