, . - -1,3 1,2- 1,4-.
(, .) , 1,2-, 1,4-, .
(SE). , .
π- .
, - - I . : 3, 2R, CH=CH2, C6H5, ÖH, ÖR, NH2, NHR .
, , π- σ- -, II , S, :
- ( NO3 2SO4 )
2. ٨
10.
- | |||
a) | |||
CH3F | |||
CH3Cl | |||
CH3Br | |||
CH3I | |||
CH3CH2F | |||
CH3CH2Cl | |||
CH3CH2Br | |||
CH3CH2CH2Cl | 1- | ||
CH3CHClCH3 | - | 2- | |
CH2=CHCl | |||
CH2=CHCH2Cl | 1--2 | ||
C6H5Cl | |||
C6H5CH2Cl | |||
) | |||
CH2F2 | |||
CH2Cl2 | |||
CH2Br2 | |||
CH2ClCH2Cl | 1,2- | ||
) | |||
CHF3 | * | ||
CHCl3 | * | ||
CCl2=Cl | |||
) | |||
CF4 | |||
CCl4 | |||
CF2=F2 | |||
CCl2=Cl2 | |||
*
|
|
11.
- | ||
) | ||
CH3 | ||
CH3C2 | ||
CH3C2 C2 | ||
(CH3)2C | -2 | |
CH3C2C2C2 | -1 | |
CH3C2C()C3 | - | -2 |
(CH3)2CC2 | 2--1 | |
(CH3)3C | - | 2--2 |
C511 | * | -1 |
C1633 | * | |
C3061 | * | |
C611 | ||
C65 | ||
C65C2 | ||
CH2=CC2 | -2- | |
-* | - | |
α- | -1 | |
) | ||
CH2C2 | ||
CH3C()C2 | -1,2 | |
CH2C()C2 | * | -1,2,3 |
- (*) | 1,2- | |
- (*) | 1,3- | |
- (*) | 1,4- | |
* | 1,2,3- |
*
12.
CH3SH | |
CH3C2 SH | |
CH3C2C2SH | -1 |
(CH3)2C͖SH | -2 |
CH3C2C2C2SH | -1 |
-2 | |
CH3S CH3 | |
C25SC25 | |
CH3C2C2S C2C2 CH3 | |
() | |
13.
) | ||||
CH3NH2 | ||||
CH3C2NH2 | ||||
CH3C2C2NH2 | ||||
(CH3)2C͖NH2 | ||||
CH3C2C2C2NH2 | ||||
(CH3)2 NH | ||||
(CH3C2)2 NH | ||||
CH3NHC25 | ||||
(CH3)3N | ||||
(CH3C2)3 N | ||||
H2NC2C2NH2 | ||||
H2N(C2)6NH2 | ||||
) | ||||
- | - | |||
- | ||||
N-- | ||||
N, N-- | ||||
:
I. (SN1 SN2)
, , (SN). , , (, , , ). :
. . : -- > --- > I > Br > Cl > F. : Ζ, H2N, RO, R2N;
. , SN. , , , .
|
|
SN1 .
1 ( ):
2 :
(1) , .
SN2 . , , .. , . , . і . SN2 .
.
:
) ( )
)