, , 1 , .
Q , , , M , m .
, , , .. .
(p) (Cv). : Q, , DU A .
Q =d U + A (1)
, U, .. . , , . , , .
Cp = CV + R (2)
R .
(2) ..
g= / CV , , .. , (Q = 0):
. (3)
p 1 V 1 - ; p 2 - .
. , , . (, ); ( ) .
1. 1, 8 9, U 7 5 6. 10, 1 8 4, 5 .
.
. 1 (. ) .. 10. . , . 1. 1: V1 - ; t1 - ; 1 - .
|
|
3 , , . , , , t2. V2. , , 2 V2, t2, 2 (2 ). t2 , ( ) t1. , . , h2, .. 3 V2, t1, 3.
, :
V1 | V2 | V2 | |
t1 | t2 | t1 | |
p1 | p2 | p3 |
1 3 , , ( ):
(4)
1 2 , (3):
(5)
(4) (5)
(6)
(6),
, (7)
, .
H , h1 , h2 .
(7)
h1 h2, , , , h1/H (h1 - h2)/(H + h2) ,
,
- .
2 , , 3 - , , lg(1+ x) @ x , ,
h2 H + h2,
. (8)
:
(9)
(10)
1
. | h1 | Dh1 | h2 | Dh2 | h1 - h2 | gi |
. | - | |||||
1. | 25,8 | 7,2 | 18,6 | 1,387 | ||
2. | 25,7 | 7,1 | 18,6 | 1,381 | ||
3. | 6,6 | 17,4 | 1,379 | |||
4. | 18,8 | 5,8 | 1,446 | |||
5. | 18,2 | 5,2 | 1,400 | |||
6. | 16,3 | 5,2 | 11,1 | 1,468 | ||
7. | 15,5 | 11,5 | 1,347 | |||
8. | 2,4 | 6,6 | 1,363 | |||
9. | 4,8 | 1,6 | 3,2 | 1,500 | ||
10. | 3,2 | 0,8 | 2,4 | 1,333 |
. Dh1 Dh2 - h 1 h 2. Dh1= Dh2 = 1 .
:
1 (9), (9):
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|
(1,400-1,387)2=0,000169
(1,400-1,381)2=0,000361
(1,400-1,379)2=0,000441
(1,400-1,446)2=0.002116
(1,400-1,400)2=0,0
(1,400-1,468)2=0,004624
(1,400-1,347)2=0,002809
(1,400-1,363)2=0,001369
(1,400-1,500)2=0,010
(1,400-1,333)2=0,004489
=0,05
(10):
; g - CV ( - ).