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. 3.




3.

3.1. ?

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3.2. ?

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, (, , .), , , .

. , .

500 . .. () , , .

1614 . . . .


1642 . , , .. "" .


1804 . , . , .

1834 . "" , : , , , , , . . .

1876 . .

1890 . , , , . .

1892 . . .

1897 . . - .

1901 . .

19041906 . .

1930 . () , .
, , , , , , .




1936 . . . .

1938 . .


1938 . - .

1939 . .


"1"

1941 . . .

1944 . "1" . , .




1945 . " " .


"", 1946 .

 

1946 . . . "" (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). 20 1,5 . , "1", 300 5000 .



1948 . Bell Laboratories , . .

1948 . (Norbert Wiener) "", .

1949 . EDSAC.

1951 . ( ), 600 . .. .

19511955 . .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , - .

1952 . .. ̗1 ( ) .

1953 . (ore memory), . 70- . .

19551959 . .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. - . " " . .. .

19551959 . (.. , .. , .. , .. ) (.. , .. , .. ). , (.. , .. , .. , .. , .. .).





1958 . Texas Instruments .

1957 . ( ).

1957 . NCR .

1959 . .. ̗2 10 . ./. .


..

1959 . ̗20, .. . (20 . ./.). , . ̗20 ̗40 (40 . ./.). ̗20 ̗4 ̗220 (200 . ./.).

1959 . , .

1961 . IBM Deutschland .

1964 . IBM/360.

1965 . . . () .


̗6

1965 . (Seymour Papert) LOGO .

1967 . .. - ̗6, . "" , 10 . ./.




1968 . Intel, .

1970 . .

1971 . Intel4004, 2250 , . , .

1971 . (PROgramming in LOGic).


1972 . Bell Laboratories .

1973 . UNIX.

1973 . IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) "".

1974 . Intel 8080 4500 .


1974 . , , -, 8080 , , . , "" " ".



 

1975 . . (Microsoft), .

 

1975 . IBM .


Apple1

 

1976 . , , Apple1, Apple.



 

1978 . Intel 8086.

 

1979 . Intel 8088. IBM .

1979 . SoftWare Arts VisiCalc (Visible Calculator) .

1980 . Control Data Cyber () 205.

1980 . Sharp, Sanyo, Panasonic, Casio Tandy , .

1981 . IBM IBM PC 8088.

1982 . Intel 80286, 134 000 , . Intel.

1982 . (Mitch Kapor) Lotus 123, Visicalc.


Lisa

1983 . Apple Computers Lisa , .

1983 . .


1983 . Borland Turbo Pascal, (Anders Hejlsberg).

1984 . Laptop (), .

1984 . Sony Phillips - CD-ROM.


Macintosh

1984 . Apple Computer Macintosh 32- Motorola 68000 Macintosh c , , , IBM- MS-DOS. , , .

1984 . FIDO. . 1995 20 , 3 . .

1985 . Intel 80386,, 275000 . 32- "" .

1985 . Bell Laboratories - ++.

1989 . Poquet Computers Corporation Subnotebook Pocket PC.

1989 . - HTML (HyperText Markup Language) World Wide Web.

1989 . Intel Intel 486 DX. i486 " ". Intel 486 , , . 1,2 .

Microsoft MS Windows 3.0.

1990 . - " 3.1". .. , .. , .. . 400 .


1991 . (Linus Torvalds) Linux. Linux, , . , Linux. Linux , .

1992 . Internet World Wide Web web- Mosaic, . .

1993 . Intel Pentium, " " , , , .

1994 . Power Mac Apple Computers Power PC.

1994 . Netscape Communication Netscape Navigator.

1995 . Microsoft Windows 95.

1995 . Microsoft Internet Explorer. , Internet Explorer.

1995 . Intel Pentium Pro, 5,5 . 32- , , , . Pentium Pro -, .

1997 . Intel Pentium II, 7,5 . Pentium II Intel MMX, , . - , , . , , , , .

1997 . Sun Microsystems - Java ( ""), " ". Java "" , "" . , , .

1998 . Windows 98.

1999 . 64- Mersed.

2000 . 64- Itanium AMD.

2000 . Windows 2000.

3.4. c ?

, 50- . . , , . .




"".

, - , . . - , , .

10-20 .





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