3.
3.1. ?
:
- ( );
- ;
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- ;
- ;
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3.2. ?
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. , .
500 . .. () , , .
1614 . . . .
1642 . , , .. "" .
1804 . , . , .
1834 . "" , : , , , , , . . .
1876 . .
1890 . , , , . .
1892 . . .
1897 . . - .
1901 . .
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19041906 . .
1930 . () , .
, , , , , , .
1936 . . . .
1938 . .
1938 . - .
1939 . .
"1"
1941 . . .
1944 . "1" . , .
1945 . " " .
"", 1946 .
1946 . . . "" (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer). 20 1,5 . , "1", 300 5000 .
1948 . Bell Laboratories , . .
1948 . (Norbert Wiener) "", .
1949 . EDSAC.
1951 . ( ), 600 . .. .
19511955 . .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , - .
1952 . .. ̗1 ( ) .
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1953 . (ore memory), . 70- . .
19551959 . .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. , .. - . " " . .. .
19551959 . (.. , .. , .. , .. ) (.. , .. , .. ). , (.. , .. , .. , .. , .. .).
1958 . Texas Instruments .
1957 . ( ).
1957 . NCR .
1959 . .. ̗2 10 . ./. .
..
1959 . ̗20, .. . (20 . ./.). , . ̗20 ̗40 (40 . ./.). ̗20 ̗4 ̗220 (200 . ./.).
1959 . , .
1961 . IBM Deutschland .
1964 . IBM/360.
1965 . . . () .
̗6
1965 . (Seymour Papert) LOGO .
1967 . .. - ̗6, . "" , 10 . ./.
1968 . Intel, .
1970 . .
1971 . Intel4004, 2250 , . , .
1971 . (PROgramming in LOGic).
1972 . Bell Laboratories .
1973 . UNIX.
1973 . IBM (International Business Machines Corporation) "".
1974 . Intel 8080 4500 .
1974 . , , -, 8080 , , . , "" " ".
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1975 . . (Microsoft), .
1975 . IBM .
Apple1
1976 . , , Apple1, Apple.
1978 . Intel 8086.
1979 . Intel 8088. IBM .
1979 . SoftWare Arts VisiCalc (Visible Calculator) .
1980 . Control Data Cyber () 205.
1980 . Sharp, Sanyo, Panasonic, Casio Tandy , .
1981 . IBM IBM PC 8088.
1982 . Intel 80286, 134 000 , . Intel.
1982 . (Mitch Kapor) Lotus 123, Visicalc.
Lisa
1983 . Apple Computers Lisa , .
1983 . .
1983 . Borland Turbo Pascal, (Anders Hejlsberg).
1984 . Laptop (), .
1984 . Sony Phillips - CD-ROM.
Macintosh
1984 . Apple Computer Macintosh 32- Motorola 68000 Macintosh c , , , IBM- MS-DOS. , , .
1984 . FIDO. . 1995 20 , 3 . .
1985 . Intel 80386,, 275000 . 32- "" .
1985 . Bell Laboratories - ++.
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1989 . Poquet Computers Corporation Subnotebook Pocket PC.
1989 . - HTML (HyperText Markup Language) World Wide Web.
1989 . Intel Intel 486 DX. i486 " ". Intel 486 , , . 1,2 .
Microsoft MS Windows 3.0.
1990 . - " 3.1". .. , .. , .. . 400 .
1991 . (Linus Torvalds) Linux. Linux, , . , Linux. Linux , .
1992 . Internet World Wide Web web- Mosaic, . .
1993 . Intel Pentium, " " , , , .
1994 . Power Mac Apple Computers Power PC.
1994 . Netscape Communication Netscape Navigator.
1995 . Microsoft Windows 95.
1995 . Microsoft Internet Explorer. , Internet Explorer.
1995 . Intel Pentium Pro, 5,5 . 32- , , , . Pentium Pro -, .
1997 . Intel Pentium II, 7,5 . Pentium II Intel MMX, , . - , , . , , , , .
1997 . Sun Microsystems - Java ( ""), " ". Java "" , "" . , , .
1998 . Windows 98.
1999 . 64- Mersed.
2000 . 64- Itanium AMD.
2000 . Windows 2000.
3.4. c ?
, 50- . . , , . .
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"".
, - , . . - , , .
10-20 .