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, [1]. , . , [2]. , : .., . , .., .., : .., .., .. .

(17.06.1834-1894), , [3]. , 2- (1853), . 2 1860. ( ;1785-1870), . , 1650 . , 1703. . 1865 . , [4].

XVIII 83 903 , XIX . - , . . , : 1867 . 5 15 . [5].

23 1871 1894. . . . : , , . , . 27 1873 . : 1879 . 1882 1884, 1890 1892 -, .

. . 1868 . 1874 ( ; 1816-1906), , 1875 - ... . .. (.1823), , [6]. . : 1878 - . . : (1865), (1876), (1882).

, (4.12.18253.09.1896), . , . , , , . , [7].

- (1830-2.01.1912). , . , , . , , : , 3 ( -2 -..) , , , [8].

, .: . . , . 1902 [9]. . , , [10]. . : 1903 [11].

. . . 14 1860 (27.10.1841-1920), (1821-28.05.1860)[12]. . (5.02.1863), (8.02.1866), (27.04.1869-12.07.1869), (5/8.02.1873-31.08.1873) (29.09.1877-6.02.1878) [13]. , , , , , , , .

(.19.10.1886) , [14]. (.1875), . , , , . (1876), , . (1912). . 3. (1913.), [15].

(.1.02.1871) (1872-1938), - - (.26.05.1872), [16]. . (19.02.1879-6.09.1936), , 1909. (1883-11.10.1939), (1856-?), , , , [17].

(15.09.1861, -10.02.1913), [18], , 1880.- . 30 1884 . , , : , [19]. () (.1865- 1926), , . . , ... . . (14/20.12.1883-?)[20] . 1913 66 66 .[21] , , , , . (2.01.1882-?) , [22]. (20.03.1898-?) - , .[23] (1893,-?) , 1916. , 210 21- . , , [24], . ( . , 11) , , (.23/30.10.1907)[25].

(31.12.1900-?) (. 26.08/2.09.1901) . [26], 1920- . , 1920- . - [27].

 

(.4/ 8 1864, - 1912)[28], , (1884) . 1888. - . 27.06.1889.- . 20.07.1890.- , . 24.03.1891.- . 22.03.1894 1917.- - , - . . [29]. (.26.05.1869), , [30]. , , : (.15.01.1894)- , 31.10.1917.- [31]; (.24.05.1896)- - , - [32]; (.20.09.1898)- , 1917. [33]. (.1.01.1901) (.27.06.1903) , (.28.04.1906) , .

(19.04.1867, -?), , (1889) (, ). 23 1901.- . , ., [34]. 1914. 50- [35]. 1920- . [36].

.. (4.05.1873-?), [37]. . , , [38]. , , , : - ( , (1807-1900); - ..;- .., - .., - 1- ..[39].

.. .. . (23.07.1895- 1920), , 188 . [40]. (.25.10.1899) (1914) [41]. .., [42]: (.12.07.1893) . [43], (.10.11.1891)- , , 1913. [44]. (.7.01.1900)- [45].

 

(5/8.02.1873,- 1937), [46], 1900. , 12.07.1894- [47]. (1.02.1870, -5.11.1955, ), . 1889. .. , , , 7 1896. , [48].

9.02.1900. .. , , . . [49]. 9 1914. 337- . 31 1914. - . 425- , 8 1917. / ( , - ..) , - . ., . 3 - , ( 6- 21.09.1915 62). 1 1918. , . 1 1919., , - [50]. 1930- . , . . .

, (3.05.1875-4.11.1937)[51] .. (1825-1896)[52]. , . 13 1895. ( ϸ ;.1860-1901). : .. ( ), .. ( , ), .. ( , 1894. ..), .. ( ), .. (, , ) .. ( , ), .. ( , )[53]. .. , , , .., , .., , .. (1852-1893) .. (1862- 1917)[54]. .. (1858-1914), , : , , . - . . , , [55].

2 1896 . , , , .., , . , , , [56]. 1896 24 - - . () , , . 27 : , [57]. 9 ( .) 1897. (14.03.1879- 1937), () . : , , , . () (1851-23.05.1881) , , . , [58]. , , . : , - , , [59]. , (1855- 1926), , , , , [60]. 2 1897. ( ; 1814-1900), , [61]. , , , . XIX , , , . . . XIX 509 , 3500 2 [62]. : , , ...[63]. : , , [64].

: . 1791 . 300- . : . , . . , . , -. 1877 . .. (1834-1878), , [65]. 1900- . . 1808 . - . 1849 , 1861-1864. ( - )[66]. , . 1904 . , . [67]. .., .., .., .. (1875-29.11.1937)[68], .. .

1840- . - . 1874 . , .. .., [69]. 1903 , 150 [70]. 11 1897. 1918 . - , - . - [71]. . (1898), (1903), (1909)[72]. 1910. 25- - (1884-1909) [73]. 1913 . . . ., , : , 16 - , , . , . , 1911-1912 . . - . , . 1911. . , . 1907. 23 . . 1910. , 30 , . . - , . . , , [74]. . , , , , , , . 1909. , 1913 - . [75]. 1915 . 48- -. , , : , [76]. : . .., - - [77]. - , , . . 1904-1905. , . 1907. - [78]. . .. , , ( , .), , , , , [79]. . 1914. - , .., . ., . 1915. , [80]. (18-24 ), 150 . .[81]

1917. , . , , . . , 20 1918 ., , . 1918 . . , , , , . 1917 594 , 1936 104[82].

, . . . , 1918 1925 [83], , ( ). (. , 11), (. , 37), [84].

1925. . . , , . , , . 1926. , 1937. 6,5 . 1920- : , , - . : , , , [85]. 1925. - , .. ( ), - . 1926. . , . 1926. , 1928.- - [86], 30 1929. . , , , - , 26 1930. [87]. 28 , .

1937-1938. 1937. . , 1937 . (7.12.1875-1937), 2 , 3 - (1881-1937). , .. , , , , 2 1900. , .[88] . , . , , . . , . , , () . , , . , , . . 6 , . 4 , . 3 . . : . .., .., .. . .58-2-10-11 ( ). 2 1937. 4 1937. .[89]. 9 1957. , , .[90].

25 2004. II . -22 (4 ), -25 (7 ), , , 25 (7 )[91].

, ., .; . - , 1929 , 9 1995 [92]. , .

 


[1] .. , , . // . . I. . 1865

[2] .. // . ., 2013. .504-507

[3] .., . : . .25. .12. .50/2. .14.-16;

.694. .1. .1/7. .12., 23.; .694. .1. .2/10. .16., 29., 37,55.

[4] . IV. . // . . 57. . 1915. .167

[5] , //. 1902. 19. .625-626.

[6] . .25. .25. .49. .34.; //. 1876. 13; //. 1893. 25;.

[7] . .25. .25. .86. .573.; .25. .27. .680. .211.; , . . // . , 2000. . 233241

[8]. .25. .25. .86. .573.; .25. .25. .173. .118.; .25. .25. .177. .252.;
.. // . . 1. : . ., 1927. .57-58; . . .., ... , 2010. .5, 39; . . // . 2013, 1; .. // . .15. , 2015. .128-137

[9] //. 1902. 13/14. .455; , // .1904.20..606; .// . . .., ... , 2010. .60

[10] , //. 1911. 6. .90.

[11] , //. 1903. 19. .650.

[12] . .25. .27. .515. .25.

[13] . .25. .27. .515. .122. (), .25. .27. .522. .2.,139.,167. (, ), .25. .25. .87. .961. (), .25. .27. .258. .28.,55.

[14]. .17. .1. .50/684. .170; .17. .2. .14/257. .15.; 1905 . ,1905. .74.

[15] . .25. . 22. .544. .289.; .25. .4. .70/12. .4,31.; .25. .4. .64/15. .34.; // . : .., .. , 2010. .34

[16] . .25, .25, .127, .66.; .25, .12, .50/2, .1; . //. 1917. 21..421-424

[17] . .25. . 22. .555. .74; .25. .12. .50/2. .1; . -495, .1, .1/1.

[18] . .25. .27. .515. .49.; .25. .22. .218. .1125.; //.1913. 7, .119

[19] . .2. .1. .39/863. .4,7,11; . //. 1884, 50

[20] . .25. .25. .99. .15.;

[21] . .-364. .5. .1/5. .18.

[22]. .25. .25. .99. .1.; //. 1915. 25..473

[23] . .-122. .1. .20/228. .109, 110

[24] . .-573. .1. .23/219. .48, 291.

[25] , .-659. .1. .54/924. .135; //.1914.19..416

[26] . .27..2..46/770. .39

[27] . .-122. .1. .20/228. .109, 110; .-630..2..2/22. .38.

[28] . .25. .27. .515. .161., .: . .796, .436, .817. .5.-6

[29] . //.1911.36. .624; 28 1917.// .1917.15. .340

[30] . .796. .436. .817. .5.-6: .25. .3. .16. .43-49.

[31] . .796. .436. .817. .5.-6; //.1917. 24, .473.

[32] . .796. .436. .817. .5.-6; //.1915. 18. .319; 23. .425

[33] . .796. .436. .817. .5.-6; //.1917. 1. .6; .1917. 5. .125

[34] . .25..27..522..52.; .126..1..5/61..34.; .126..1..4/40..40.; .17..2..14/257. .10., .43/491..138; //. 1901. 19..564

[35] ..22. .1. .135/1880. .147.

[36] . .-630, .2, .1/3, .21.

[37] . .25,.22, .283..30.; .25,.22, .393, .104 .

[38] . .25..22. .430..114

[39] . // . 771. . 28; .., .. . 1778-1918 . , 2008. .55.

[40] . .25..22. .441. .211.; .-573. . 1. .23/219. .33

[41] . .126,.1, .5/61, .34 .; //. 26, 11.09.

[42]. .25..22 .424. .44. (); . .25..22. .407. .66. ( )

[43] , .27. .2. .46/770. .158; .-122, .1, .20/228, .109, 110

[44] . .25. .22. .407, .66.; .17, .2, .17/331..3, 4.-5;

[45] . .25. .22. .696. .182.

[46] . .25. .27. .246. .84.

[47] ..4. .54. .1/14, .1/15; , . ,1898. .80

[48] . .25, .22, .449..115.-116; ., . . - (). ., 2005. .47-48, 110

[49] . .-460. .1. .2/14. .142

[50] . .4. .39. .57/31, .1-7; .-659. .1. .54/924. .85

[51] . .25. .27. .246. .137.

[52] . .56..1..78/408. .32-48; ... . // .1896.18,21 .

[53] , - //. 1899. 16. . .1-2

[54] ... .//. 1893. 58; ..// . : .., .. , 2010. .76; ., . . - (). ., 2005. .39-43.

[55] .. 50- . . 1879. .20-21.

[56] . // . 1896. 40. . 2.

[57] , .25. . 22. .450. .2.,54., 63.,102.,145.

[58] . .25. .22. .316. .17.

[59] . .25. .22. .459. .284. 1897.

[60] . .25..22. .294..501

[61] .

[62] . .25. .12. .43/1. .7-7., 22; .. XIX . // : - . . (24-25 2000 .). , 2000. .111

[63] . .1. .10. .12/90. .61.

[64] .. XIX- . // : - . . (24-25 2000 .). , 2000. .111, 113; . . //. 1903.110. .690

[65] .. // . 1877. 11; . 1878. 31; . . . . // . , 2003

[66] . .29..4..1..114. - . 1798.; . //. 1864. 43; - . - ... .1,2. , 2007.

[67] .. //. 1914. 4..92; // . 1914. 34.

[68] //. 1900.20. .690; 1903 . , 1903. .102; 1904 . , 1904. .108; //. 1900. 7..250; . 1937-1938. , 2002. .99

[69] //. 1874. 28; - // .. . .,2009..279-298; .. //. . .1. , 2007. .280-281.

[70] . . //. 1903.110. .690

[71] //. 1900. 20. .693; ; // 1914. 24. .563; - 1913-1914 //. 1914. 34. .7

[72] . .42..2..18/391. .20-21.; //. 1903. 10. .332

[73] . .42..2..18/391. .20-21.

[74] . .42..2..18/391. .19-19., 25. , . , .

[75] . .42..2..18/391. . 21.; . //. 1913. 30. .521

[76] 48- //. 1915. 26.. .16

[77] 1903 . , 1903. .152; 1904 . , 1904. .108, 120; 1911 . , 1911. .76; 1915 . , 1915. .94; .167, 168

[78] . .25..20..76/867. .21, 143, 341; .25..20..76/867. .143.

[79] //. 1914. 27. .632-635

[80] //. 1915. 24. .451; . .//. 1914. 220. .3; .//. 1915. 33. .4

[81] . . // . 1900. 20. 15 ; .// . 1915. 26.

[82] . .-718..1..32. .40; .. . 1928-1940. . 1989. .155-162

[83] . . -3708. .24

[84] ..-122..1..122/883..154; . -3687. .1. .31. .49.

[85] . . . 1992. .199-204; .. . 1928-1940. . 1989. .131-133,210; .. (1917-1941 ). // . . . 2001. .24-40; 12- .// . 1929, 2 . 250.

[86] . .-2961..1..3/46..14.; .. // . .. .. . ., 2013. .504-507

[87] .. ( ). -, 1931. .1,5, 8

[88] ..17..2..11/191..48-48.; .25. .22. 483. .82.

[89] . . -3708. .19,31,60,57; .. // . ., 2013. .504-507

[90] . 1937-1938. , 2002. .713, 718.

[91] .. // . ., 2013. .504-507

[92] .. - // . . . 2001. .114-119.

 



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