P=mv; - .
Ft=P
. .
- F
A=E
-
-
- .
Ep=mgh - .
-
.
E1+E1=E2+E2
. .
| . | . | |
| p | ||
| V | 3 | |
| T | ||
| N | ||
| m | ||
| / | |
| - | |
| U | . | |
| Q | - | |
.
pV=NkT - ( - )
, 
, 
;
, 
- .
| i | 
| |
| 5/3 | ||
| 9/7 | ||
| 13 (12) | 15/13 (7/6) |
- - .
- .
, p=nkT;
N=const 
| T=const | PV=const | - | |
| p=const | V/T=const | - | |
| V=const | p/T=const |
.
.
- .
- .
- .
1: 
- t.
.
- .
- .
.
- .
- .
- .
, =/m.
| . | A | Q | C | ||
| V=const | Q=U | 0 | NkT/(-1) | Nk/(-1) | |
| p=const | U=Q+pV | pV | pV/(-1) | Nk/(-1) | |
| T=const | Q=A | 
| A | ||
| Q=const | U=-A | 
| 0 | 0 |
.
Q=Q
Q=cmT - ()
Q=rm - ()
Q=m - ()
Q=qm - .
.
l=l0(1+T) V=V0(1+T)
.
-
, 
, .
| . | . | |
| p | ||
| V | 3 | |
| m | ||
| / | ||
| v | / | |
| S | 2 | |
| /3 | ||
| h | . |
, 
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|
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.
.
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, 
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- .
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- .
- .
, 
- .
| 
| |
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| 
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| () | 
|
, 
, 
, 
- .
, 
, 
.
- .
- .
- . p=qd - .
.
P=0E - .
=1+ 
- .
- .
