.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





15 (28 ) 1914 . . - - . 1908 . - . , 38 . . ...

. 1879 1914 . . , . 1914 . 4221 . 500 400 . 11 4 1851 ., , . 3 1914 . 31 , 26 , , . 1916 . 2 . , . . 1916 . - , .

: " " (" "), " " (" ") " " (" "). - "" ("") " " (" "), . 4 1918 . , " " (" ") . 8 , ( - ). . , , .

9 1918 . . . " ". 10 (). 12 , . . , , , "" . 11 .

: " " (" "), " " (" ") " " (" "), , . , . , -: , 12 " " (" "). -, , , , .

. . , ( . . 15 ).

, . 7 " ", - "" (""). . 11 "". 300 "". , Mocee, , ...

, , , , . . , , .

. . : - 1917 . ( - ) , . , "" , .

, . , , , .

, .

, , , , . .

. .

" " (1911 1964) . " " .

4 1914 . , , . . .

- - "" . 27 1914 . " ". - . .

, , 1915 . , . "" ("", 1911 1921), .

. " ", . 1915 . , . 1916 . . . . , 21 , 30 , .

. 1918 . , . , " " , , .

. , , . 11 - , - " " " ".

, . : , , , , , .

1916 . , , , .. (..) - , .

1914 . , , - . "" , . , . , , .

" ". " " 2 . 1 1918 . "". " ", , 500 . 1917 . "". - " ", 400 . , . , .

1916 . "" (""), "". 1916 . " " (" "). , , , . "" , , , "" ("") "" (""), . "" : "", " ", " !". "" 1 . .

1916 . . 1 1916 . "" (""). " " (" ") . " " (" ") . "" 1918 . . , , , - .

11 1918 . " " . , . " " " ", "", "", "", "" (""), " " (" "), " " (" "), . ", ", , 1917 . "" , " ", " ". . " ?". 1919 . , . .

. , . . . . . , 240 20 . " ", " ", "- ", "- ". "- ", .

( 1917 .) . , . . . , " : , , ".

. (--) ( . , ) 1917 . " " (" "), 118 . .2 , : , , , , , , , , ..

. , . , , "" , , }' "". " " 15 1917 ., " ", 1918 . " ". . 1917 .

- "" ("").

, " ". , . " " , -, , .

, , . ,

, . , .

. , 1930- ., , 15 . , . - . .

. , ; , , .

. 1910 . 13 "", 62 , 1930 . 55, 328 . . , , - , 1920- . , , - , , -. - . . , , (15% ). 30% , .

"- " ("- ") " " (" "), 2 ., 20%'. .

, . , 20 .

1919 . . "- ", "- " ("- ") "- / " ("- "). . , , , . , .

, "" "- ", "- " " " (" ", , 1908) .

, . , - , " ". (" " 3 .2, " " (" ") 1,5 . " " 2,5 .). .

, . . , . . -, , , , .

, 1920- . - , . , " " (1920) : " . ... , . , ". . :

1) ;

2) ;

3) () ;

4) '.

1930- . : (1933), (1937), (1938) (1934), , , .

. . "" (""), 70 20 - 3 1923 . . , , , .

, , , , , . , " , , , . ... ". , , .

"" , . 1928 . 200 . . , -, XX . , . "" . "" , , . , .

( 1929 .) 1930 . - "" (""), , , "". , , . , . " "" , , , , ".

1933 . . "" (""), 1883 ., , . "" , , , . .

"" "" (" ", 1933), "", , , , " " (" ", 1933), 1947 . - "" (" "). " " , , , , "" "".

. 1922 . " " (" "). 1921 . 3 . 1,5 . . 4,5 . . . 1922 . , 62 .

:

1) 31 ( ), ;

2) , ;

3) '.

, " ", "". . , . . . , " " . " , , , . XX . " ", "" ".

" " , . "" , , . 19301940- . , " " (" "), " " (" "), " " (" "), " " (" "), " " (" - "), .

"" , , - . "" , , . , , , , .

1937 . " " , . 1941 . .

1928 . , . 1939 . 3,5 . ., 15 . . 20 . , , "" 1940 . . 100 120 , 20 .

, .

1919 1939 . - , , . , . , , "" , , , , 20- 30- .

, , - , ( , , ) (, , ), , , . (19171938) . . 1938 . 31 , 178. 30- .

. , . , . , "", "", " " , , . . , "".

, , " " . , , , , - , . "", "", "", "", "", "". " " , ( , ). " ". .

. 1939 . "" 12 16 7-8 . , . , . , , . . 1930- . "", , , "" (" ").

20-30- . XX . 1881 ., . . , , , . , . , , , .

, " " , , , . , 1914 . " ", 1915 . ( ), . , "" , " ", " ", "", "" " " . , "" " " , " ".

1931 ., "" " ", , "" . 1937 . " ". .

" " 1936 ., 1939 . 1 . , 19191924 . 1930- . "" "" , , .

" ", , , 1930- . , , . 1938 . "" ("").

"", 1939 . (410 . .), , "" . , - .

"", "" "", , , 1 1919 . 300 . 1939 .

" " , , 1936 . 150 . . 1939 . 9 .

. 1922 . , -, "" (""). , "", . "" , 60 . 22 . "", , , , ., , 1924 . 380 . ("" "" ), . , . 1926 . " " . , .

. , , , . . , , . " ", " " (" "), . 1922 . "", , 1918 . " " (" "), . "" , "", , .

" " 3 1928 . 10 25, , . " ", " " , . , , " " , "" , " " . , , , , 10 . " " ( " ") 700 . . , , " " " " . , 1934 ., , , 500 . , , , .

, . 1919 . , . " " (" ") . , , 1923 . "" , . "" , , "", , , . 1927 . "-", 1930 . .

, ( , , ), . , 1924 . "" (40 . .), 1930 . "-" : 1931 . "-" , 1933 . 1 , 1934 . 1,5 , 1938 . 1,8 , , 1939 . , , " " . 1937 . 1014 , 20. 1 . ., 150.

, "-". 1931 . " ", , , . , " " , , " " "" , . , , . , , , . "-" . , .

1937 . "-" " , " 437 . , , , "", , " ", . , "" (""). , . 1939 . "" 1 100 .

- , , "". , 1939 ., "" 80 . . " ". , , , "" . "", . . " " ( 1925 .), . , , 1939 ., 60 . . "" "" 465 800 . 1930 . " " (" "), .

, . , "" , " " (" ") , "" ("") , , . : "" ("", , 270 .), "" ("", , 235 .), "" (, 220 .), " " (" ", , 165 .).

() " " , 1925 1927 . . 100 . . " " 300 ., 1939 . , " " , " " (" ", ) 250 . (1936), , , .

, , , . " ", "" ("", 1936 . 100 .), "" ("", 50 .) "" ("").

19201930- . . "", , . , . "" 350 . . " " (" ") 260 . " " (" "), "" (""), " " (" "), "" (""). 74 175 . . "ϸ" .

, , . . XX . , 1930- . , . , , . " " (" "), , "" (" "), " " (" ") , "" (""), , - . " ", " ", . . 1928 ., ' , 1929 . 700 . . , . " " , .

" ", ( ), "", , 1930- . 300 . . "", 1860- . "" (""), . , , "", " " (" "), " " (" "), " ".

1932 . . . . , . , " ". , . "" , , : " ".

, . 1934 . I . .

1935 . , . . , , . .

. 1930- . , , . 1936 1938 . , , , , , . 1930- . , . , "" (""), "" (""), "" (""), "" (""), . , , " " (" "), . . . .

XIX XX . , , , , , 20- . , .

" " "" (" "), " " . 350 . . "" (""), , " ", , "" ("") .

"" (" ", -300 . .), 1927 1940 . . 1936 . . , , . 1939 . "" ( 350 . .).

1930- . , "-". , .

"-" 1931 . . , , . , . , , . , , , , . . "-" , -, , , , .





:


: 2016-12-05; !; : 900 |


:

:

, , .
==> ...

1727 - | 1429 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.096 .