1. ( 24 - 255.255.255.0) 8 , 28 2= 254 .
2. 4 50 : 4∙50 = 200 < 254. . ³ 50 26 = 64. , 6 , 8, 2 26 (. . 3).
3. 255.255.255.0 4 255.255.255.192 - 62 ( ).
4. , . ֳ 00, 01, 10, 11.
³: - 255.255.255.192, 62.
2. Ethernet
. - .
10 Base-T, 75 | 10 Base- FL, 1635 | 10 Base- FL, 200 | 10 Base-2, 75 | FOIRL, 230 | 10 Base-5, 250 |
1: 15,3 + 75 * 0.113 = 23,775
2: 33,5 + 1635 * 0.1 = 197
3: 33,5 + 200 * 0.1 = 55,5
4: 46,5 + 75 * 0.1026 = 54,195
5: 29,0 + 230 * 0.1 = 52
6: 169,5 + 250 * 0.0866 = 191,15
PDV, 573,62
PVV
1 10Base-T: 10.5
2 10Base-FL: 8
3 10Base-FL: 8
4 10Base-2: 11
C PVV, 37,5 49 . Ethernet , ' , .
3. IP- 17.239.47.94, 255.255.0.0 (
: 17.239.47.94/16). ID ID .
1) . IP- : 00010001. 11101111. 00101111. 01011110
, . , ID , - ID :
ID : 17.0.0.0.
ID : 0.239.47.94.
2) . IP- :
IP-address: 17.239.47.94 = | 00010001. 11101111. 00101111. 01011110 |
Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 = | 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000 |
: , 1, . IP- .
ID : 17.239.0.0.
ID : 0.0.47.94.
, IP AND:
|
|
AND | 00010001. 11101111. 00101111. 01011110 | |||
11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000 | ||||
00010001. 11101111. 00000000. 00000000 | ||||
17 | 239 | 0 | 0 |
, , ' 8.
4. Ethernet
. - .
10 Base-5, 500 | 10 Base- FL, 350 | 10 Base- FL, 1500 | 10 Base-2, 100 | 10 Base- FB, 400 | 10 Base-5, 475 |
5. dz (PC-PT)-5,
(Repeater-PT)-3, (Switch-PT)-2, .' (Copper Straight-through Copper Cross-over) ip- . ' . , , .
, . : 110.56.0.0, : 255.248.0.0.
1 .
: 110.56.0.0 | 01101110.00111000.00000000.00000000 |
: 255.248.0.0 | 11111111.11111000.00000000.00000000 |
2 , ( ). .
3 2. , , . , 2 2.
K = 19, 2 2 = 524 286 .
4 IP- IP- . , . , . , :
: 110.56.0.1 | 01101110.00111000.00000000.00000000 |
: 255.248.0.0 | 11111111.11111000.00000000.00000000 |
5 IP- , , . :
: 110.56.0.254= | 01101110.00111000.00000000.00000001 |
: 255.248.0.0= | 01101110.00111000.00000000.00000000 |
6 IP- , , . :
: 110.63.255.254 = | 01101110.00111111.11111111.11111110 |
: 255.248.0.0 = | 01101110.00111000.00000000.00000000 |
³: 110.56.0.0 255.248.0.0:
|
|
: 524 286
: 110.56.0.1 - 110.63.255.254.
7. dz (PC-PT)-6,
(Repeater-PT)-1, (Switch-PT)-2, .' (Copper Straight-through Copper Cross-over) ip- . ' . , , .
8. IP- 192.168.89.16, 255.255.192.0 ( : 192.168.89.16/18). ID ID .
IP- 192.168.89.16, 255.255.192.0 ( : 192.168.89.16/18).
ID ID .
AND:
IP-address: 17.239.47.94 = | AND | 11000000. 10101000. 01011001. 00010000 | ||||
Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 = | ||||||
11111111. 11111111. 11000000. 00000000 | ||||||
subnet ID: | 11000000. 10101000. 01000000. 00000000 | |||||
, , , :
Host ID: 00000000. 00000000. 00011001. 00010000 = 0.0.25.16.
³: ID = 192.168.64.0, ID = 0.0.25.16.
9. Ethernet
. - .
10 Base- FL, 1900 | 10 Base- FL, 2040 | 10 Base- FB, 2450 | 10 Base-5, 230 | FOIRL, 450 | 10 Base-T, 100 |
10. dz (PC-PT)-8,
(Repeater-PT)-3, (Switch-PT)-2, .' (Copper Straight-through Copper Cross-over) ip- . ' . , , .
11. Ethernet
. - .
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
10 Base-T, 90 | 10 Base-FL, 2020 | 10 Base-FB, 2740 | FOIRL, 750 | 10 Base-2, 185 | 10 Base- FB, 2700 |
12. IP- 192.168.89.16, 255.255.192.0 ( : 192.168.89.16/18). ID ID .
AND:
IP-address: 17.239.47.94 = | AND | 11000000. 10101000. 01011001. 00010000 | ||||
Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 = | ||||||
11111111. 11111111. 11000000. 00000000 | ||||||
subnet ID: | 11000000. 10101000. 01000000. 00000000 | |||||
, , , :
Host ID: 00000000. 00000000. 00011001. 00010000 = 0.0.25.16.
³: ID = 192.168.64.0, ID = 0.0.25.16.
13. , . : 192.168.1.0, : 255.255.255.0
г
1. .
: 192.168.1.0= 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000
: 255.255.255.0 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
|
|
2. , ( ). n.
n = 8
3. 2n. , , . , 2n - 2.
2n - 2 = 254 .
4. IP- IP- . , . , . , :
: 192.168.1.0 = 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000000
:: 255.255.255.0 = 11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000
5. IP- , , . :
: 192.168.1.1 = 11000000.10101000.00000001. 00000001
:: 255.255.255.0 = 11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000
6. IP- , , . :
ʳ : 192.168.1.254 = 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111110
:: 255.255.255.0 = 11111111.11111111.11111111. 00000000
³: 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0:
: 254,
: 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.254.
14. : 185.210.0.0/16. .
- 256, - 250.
B 16 (255.255.0.0) 16 , . . 216 - 2 = 65 534 .
- 256, - 250.
256 250 : 256 ∙ 250 = 64000 <65534. . 250 - 28 = 256., 8 , 16, 8 - 24 .
255.255.0.0 256 255.255.255.0 - K = 12; 28 - 2 = 254 .
³: - 255.255.255.0, - 254.
15. , A B , ' ' : 26.219.123.6 26.218.102.31, 255.192.0.0.
- ' .
IP- 26.219.123.6 = 00011010. 11011011. 01111011. 00000110
255.192.0.0 = 11111111. 11000000. 00000000. 00000000
IP- 26.218.102.31 = 00011010. 11011010. 01100110. 00011111
255.192.0.0 = 11111111. 11000000. 00000000. 00000000
AND IP- ' .
00011010. 11011011. 01111011. 00000110
AND
11111111. 11000000. 00000000. 00000000
|
|
00011010. 11000000. 00000000. 00000000
26 192 0 0
00011010. 11011010. 01100110. 00011111
AND
11111111. 11000000. 00000000. 00000000
00011010. 11000000. 00000000. 00000000
26 192 0 0
³: IP- , ' . , ' .
16. : 212.100.54.0/24.
4 50. .
( 24 255.255.255.0) 8 , 28 2 = 254 . 4 50 : 450 = 200 < 254. . 50 26 = 64. , 6 , 8, 2 26 (. . 1). 255.255.255.0 4 255.255.255.192 62. , . ֳ 00, 01, 10, 11. 2.1 ³: 255.255.255.192, 62.
17. IP- 17.239.47.94, 255.255.0.0 ( : 17.239.47.94/16). ID ID
ID ID .
1) . IP- : 00010001. 11101111. 00101111. 01011110
, . , ID , - ID :
ID : 17.0.0.0.
ID : 0.239.47.94.
2) . IP- :
IP-address: 17.239.47.94 = | 00010001. 11101111. 00101111. 01011110 |
Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 = | 11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000 |
: , 1, . IP- .
ID : 17.239.0.0.
ID : 0.0.47.94.
, IP AND:
AND | 00010001. 11101111. 00101111. 01011110 | |||
11111111. 11111111. 00000000. 00000000 | ||||
00010001. 11101111. 00000000. 00000000 | ||||
, , ' 8.
18. ' , , , '. ', , .
г
1. .
: 26.219.128.0 = 00011010. 11011011. 10000000. 00000000
: 255.255.192.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 11000000. 00000000
2. , ( ). n.
n = 14
3. 2n. , , . , 2n - 2.
2n - 2 = 16 382 .
4. IP- IP- . , . , . , :
: 26.219.128.0 = 00011010. 11011011. 10000000. 00000000
: 255.255.192.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 11000000. 00000000
5. IP- , , . :
|
|
: 26.219.128.1 = 00011010. 11011011. 10000000. 00000001
: 255.255.192.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 11000000. 00000000
6. IP- , , . :
ʳ : 26.219.191.254 = 00011010. 11011011. 10111111. 11111110
: 255.255.192.0 = 11111111. 11111111. 11000000. 00000000
³: 26.219.128.0 255.255.192.0:
: 16, 382,
: 26.219.128.1 - 26.219.191.254.