( ) . :
.
animal = ["", 1.2, 31]
.
b = list("help") # b=['h', 'e', 'l', 'p']
.
c=[x**2 for x in range(20) if x%3==1]
# c=[1,16,49,100,169,256,361]
:
len(s) s
x in s .
x not in s = not x in s
s + s1
s*n n*s n s. n < 0, .
s[i] i- s len(s)+i-, i < 0
s[i:j:d] s i j
min(s) s
max(s) s
s[i] = x i- s x
s[i:j:d] = t i j ( d) () t
del s[i:j:d]
, .
append(x)
count(x) , x
extend(s) s
index(x) i, , s[i] == x. ValueError, x s
insert(i, x) x i-
pop(i) i- ,
reverse() s
sort([cmpfunc]) s. cmpfunc.
list, tuple.
, . , - .
stack() . , .
push(item) . ; .
pop() . , . .
peek() , . , .
isEmpty() . , .
size() . ,
s.isEmpty() | [] | True |
s.push(2) | [2] | |
s.push('') | [2,''] | |
s.peek() | [2,''] | '' |
s.push(True) | [2,'',True] | |
s.size() | [2,'',True] | |
s.isEmpty() | [2,' ',True] | False |
s.push(3.14) | s.push(3.14) | |
s.pop() | [2,' ',True] | 3.14 |
s.pop() | [2,' '] | True |
s.size() | [2,' '] |
|
|
:
class Stack:
def __init__(self):
self.items=[]
def isEmpty(self):
return self.items=[]
def push(self,item):
self.items.append(item)
def pop(self):
return self.items.pop()
def peek(self):
return self.items[len(self.items)-1]
def size(self):
return len(self.items)
from python.basic.stack import Stack
s=Stack
print(s.isEmpty
s.push(4)
s.push(dog)
print(s.speek())
s.push(True)
print(s.size())
print(s.isEmpty())
print(s.pop())
print(s.pop())
print(s.size())
, . , . (, , ). .
: , , ( ). ( ) . .
. :
A={1,2,3}
set() . set , , , , . :
A = set('')
print(A)
{'', '', '', ''}.
, . , :
A = set('') # A={a, , , , }
B = set('') # ={a, , , , }
print(A==B)
True.
:
a=set() # a
b = {, e, }
c= set('') # ={, , }
d={2*i for i in range(5)} # d={0, 2, 4, 6, 8}
e=set([, , , one, one, ein]) # ={, , one, ein}
len(a). :
print(len(set())) # 5
for
f={1,3,4,7}
for san in f: print(san) # 7 1 4 3
in.
print(3 in {1,3,4,7}) # True
add.
a={1,3,4,7}
a.add(6) # a= {1,3,4,6,7}
pop , . KeyError
list .
:
len(s)
x in s x s
s.isdisjoint(s1)
s==s1
s.issubset(s1) s s1
s.issuperset(s1) s1 s
s.union(s1,s2)
s.intersection(s1,s2,) s
s.difference(s1,s2) s
s.simmetric_difference(s1)
s.copy(s1) .
:
s.update(s1,s2,)
s.intersection_update(s1,s2,)
|
|
s.difference_update(s1,s2,)
s.simmetric_difference_update(s1,s2,) ,
s.add(b)
s.remove(b) . KeyError.
s.discard(b)
s.pop()
s.clear()
Python , . .
(- -) ( ...) . , . , . , . turtle ().
() :
import turtle #
turtle.reset() #
turtle._root.mainloop() # ,
.
, Python, . () , , .
help('turtle'). :
Up() ,
Down() ,
Goto(x,y) (x,y)
Color( )
Width(n)
Forward (n) n
Backward (n) n
Right (k) k
Left (k) k
Circle (r) |r|
Write ()
Clear ()
#_*_coding: utf8_*_
import turtle
#
turtle.reset()
turtle.tracer(0)
turtle.width(2) #
#
turtle.up() #
x=0
y=100
turtle.goto(x,y) # (0,100)
turtle.fill(1) #
turtle.color('#ffaa00') #
turtle.down() #
turtle.circle(100) #
turtle.fill(0) #
turtle.color('black')
turtle.circle(100)
turtle.up()
#
x=45
y=50
turtle.goto(x,y)
turtle.down()
turtle.color('#0000aa')
turtle.fill(1)
turtle.circle(7)
turtle.up()
turtle.fill(0)
#
x=45
y=50
turtle.goto(x,y)
turtle.down()
turtle.color('#0000aa')
turtle.fill(1)
turtle.circle(7)
turtle.up()
turtle.fill(0)
#
x=-55
y=-50
turtle.goto(x,y)
turtle.right(45)
turtle.width(3)
turtle.down()
turtle.color('#aa0000')
turtle.circle(80,90)
turtle.up()
#
turtle.right(135)
x=0
y=50
turtle.goto(x,y)
turtle.width(2)
turtle.color('black')
turtle.down()
turtle.forward(100)
#
turtle._root.mainloop()
turtle.color(color) color;
turtle.penup() , ;
turtle.pendown() , ;
|
|
turtle.goto(x, y) x y;
turtle.circle(radius) = radius;
turtle.right(degrees) degrees ;
turtle.left(degrees) degrees ;
turtle.forward(length) = length;
turtle.done() , turtle.
import turtle # turtle
:
forward(n) # n
backward(n) # n
left(n) # n
right(n) # n
circle(r) # r, , r>0, , r<0
circle(r,n) # r, n , r>0, , r<0
goto(x,y) # (x,y)
:
down() #
up() #
width(n) # n
olor(s) # s # : "red", "blue"
begin_fill(),end_fill() # ( )
:
reset() # ,
lear() #
write(s) # s
radians() #
degrees() #
mainloop() #
tracer(f) #
, :
Aqua, blue, fuchsia, green, maroon, orange, pink, purple, red, yellow, violet, indigo, chartreuse, lime, import turtle # turtleturtle.color("black") # turtle.penup() # turtle.goto(-110, -25) # turtle.pendown() # turtle.circle(45) # 45turtle.color("black")turtle.penup()turtle.goto(0, 80)turtle.pendown()turtle.write("ҮӘӘ") # " ҮӘӘ" import turtleturtle.penup()turtle.width(3) # turtle.right(90) # 90 . turtle.goto(40, 40)turtle.pendown()turtle.forward(70) # 70turtle.right(90)turtle.forward(70)turtle.right(90)turtle.forward(70)turtle.right(90)turtle.forward(70)turtle.done() import turtleturtle.begin_fill()turtle.penup()turtle.goto(0,0)turtle.pendown()turtle.forward(60) # 70turtle.right(120) # 120 . turtle.forward(60)turtle.right(120)turtle.forward(60)turtle.end_fill()turtle.done() from turtle import *color('orange', 'red')
width(3)
begin_fill()
while True:
forward(250)
left(144)
if abs(pos()) < 1:
break
end_fill()
done()
:
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
Canvas
: anvas(root,width=w,height=h,bg="blue", \ cursor="pencil") # canv.create_line(0,0,30,50,width=3,fill="blue", \ arrow=LAST) # canv.create_rectangle(x,y,x+8,y+5,fill="red", \ outline="red") # canv.create_polygon([250,100],[200,150],[300,150], \ fill="red")canv.create_oval([20,200],[150,300],fill="gray50") # from math import *from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
canv = Canvas(root, width = 100, height = 100, \ bg = "lightblue", cursor = "pencil")
canv.create_line(50,100,50,0,width=2,arrow=LAST)
canv.create_line(0,50,100,50,width=2,arrow=LAST)
canv.pack()
root.mainloop()
|
|
Canvas () tkinter, . , , (, , , ). . ( ) . , canvas GUI- c tkinter ( , , , .).
- tkinter . :
from tkinter import *root = Tk()
canv = Canvas(root,width=600,height=600,bg="white",cursor= "pencil")
.
(0,0) Canvas . ( ).
create_line.
canv.create_line(200,50,300,50,width=3,fill="blue")canv.create_line(0,0,100,100,width=6,arrow=LAST,fill="orange")
, . (200,50), (300,50). (0,0), (100,100). fill , arrow ( , ).
canv.create_line(500,600,500,0,width=4,arrow=LAST)canv.create_line(0,500,600,500,width=4,arrow=LAST)
create_rectangle . . , .
x = 70y = 110canv.create_rectangle(x,y,x+80,y+50,fill="white",outline="blue")outline .
.
canv.create_polygon([250,100],[200,150],[300,150],fill="red")( ). smooth .
canv.create_polygon(300,80,400,80,450,75,450,200,300,180,330, 160,outline="brown",smooth=0,width=4)canv.create_polygon(300,380,400,380,450,375,450,500,300,480,330, 460,outline="orange",smooth=1,width=4), .
canv.create_oval([20,200],[150,300],fill="pink")create_arc. style ( ), (CHORD) (ARC). - , , , . start extent .
canv.create_arc(160,230,230,330,start=0,extent=240, fill="lightgreen")canv.create_arc(250,230,320,360,start=30,extent=300,style=CHORD, fill="green",width=5)canv.create_arc(340,230,410,330,start=0,extent=140,style=ARC, outline="darkgreen",width=2canvas, .
|
|
anchor (). . , , , w ( . west ). : n, ne, e, se, s, sw, w, nw. , , ( ). justify .
, . :
y=10while y<450: canv.create_rectangle(520,y,570,y+50,fill="lightgrey") canv.create_line(y,520,y+50,570,fill="green",width=10) canv.create_line(y+50,520,y,570,fill="darkgreen",width=10) y = y + 60canv.pack()
root.mainloop()
:
1.
a) y=cos(x)
b) y=x2
c) y=abs(x)
2.
a) .
b) ө .
: .
, , .
. , . .
. .
X=int(input())
print(1/X)
2
0
try:
#
except: # except : -
# ,
else: #
# ,
finally:
# ,
try:
X=int(input())
print(1/X)
except:
print(Error dividing by zero)
raise , .
Python . __ ( __myprivatevar). . :
class Myclass:
common = 10
def __init__(self):
self. myvariable = 3
def myfunction (self, arg1, arg2):
return self. myvariable
# Myclass.
# __init__ .
classinstance = Myclass ()
# myvariable 3
classinstance.myfunction(1, 2)
# myfunction Myclass myvariable
3
# common
classinstance2 = Myclass ()
classinstance.common # 10
classinstance2.common # 10
# , Myclass
# , Myclass
Myclass.common = 30
classinstance.common # 30
classinstance2.common # 30
# .
#
classinstance.common = 10
classinstance.common # 10
classinstance2.common # 30
Myclass.common = 50
#
#
classinstance.common # 10
classinstance2.common # 50
# Myclass,
# ,
# , : class Otherclass(Myclass1, Myclass2,
# MyclassN)
class Otherclass (Myclass):
def __init__(self, arg1):
self.myvariable = 3
print arg1
classinstance = Otherclass("hello")
hello
classinstance.myfunction(1, 2) # 3
# test,
# .
# classinstance.
classinstance. test = 10 # classinstance.test 10
Python try-except [exceptionname]:
def somefunction():
try:
10 / 0 #
Except ZeroDivisionError:
# " "
# ZeroDivisionError
Print "Oops, invalid."
fnexcept ()
Oops, invalid.
1. http://younglinux.info/book/export/html/48
2. http://younglinux.info/tkinter/canvas.php
3.
-------------------------------------------------
C4-0-1.
Python 3.
: , 2013
E-mail: [email protected]
Web: kpolyakov.spb.ru
-------------------------------------------------
N, N :
<> <> < >
<> , 20 ,
<> , 4- (, , ,
), < > . <>
<>, <> < > . :
.. 57
, , ( ). , . , N>=1000.
"""
import sys
save_stdin = sys.stdin
sys.stdin = open("in/0-1.in")
N = int(input())
schCount = {}
for i in range(N):
fam, io, school = input().split()
schCount[school] = schCount.get(school, 0) + 1
minCount = min(schCount.values())
schMin = [x[0] for x in list(schCount.items()) if x[1] == minCount]
for x in sorted(schMin):
print(x)
sys.stdin = save_stdin
del .
Python . . for , if .
lst1 = [1, 2, 3]
lst2 = [3, 4, 5]
print [x * y for x in lst1 for y in lst2] # [3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 9, 12, 15]
print [x for x in lst1 if 4 > x > 1] # [2, 3]
# any true, ,
# , .
any (i % 3 for i in [3, 3, 4, 4, 3])
True
#
#
sum(1 for i in [3, 3, 4, 4, 3] if i == 3) # 3
del lst1[0]
print lst1 # [2, 3]
del lst1
N = int(input()) sum = 0 while N > 0: d = N%10 sum += d N = N // 10 print(sum) | N = int(input()) sum = 0 while N > 0: sum += N%10 N = N // 10 print(sum) |
x = int(input())
cnt = 0
while x > 0:
cnt += 1
x //= 10
print(cnt)
x = int(input())
cnt = 0
while x > 0:
cnt += x % 2
x //= 2
print(cnt)
N = int(input()) maxD = N % 10 while N > 0: d = N % 10 if d > maxD: maxD = d N //= 10 print(maxD) | s= input() S=list(s) print(max(S)) | print(max(list(input()))) |
mx = s = 0
for i in range(1, 5):
x = int(input())
if x < 0: s += x
if x > mx: mx = x
print(s,mx)
1. , . , .
x=input() A=[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0] i=0 while(x[i]!='.'): if x[i]>='0' and x[i]<='9': A[int(x[i])]+=1: i+=1 for z in range(9,-1,-1): print(z*A[z],end='') | var a:array['0'..'9'] of integer; i,j,k:integer; c:char; begin for c:='0' to '9' do a[c]:=0; repeat read(c): if c in ['0'..'9'] then a[c]:=a[c]+1 // if (c>='0') and (c<='9') then a[c]:=a[c]+1 until c='.'; for c:='9' downto '0' do for i:=1 to a[c] do write(c) end. |
2. N N . . 21.
N = int(input())
M3 = M7 = M21 = M = 0
for i in range(N):
x = int(input())
if x % 21!= 0:
if x % 3 == 0: M3 = max(M3, x)
if x % 7 == 0: M7 = max(M7, x)
if x % 21 == 0 and x > M21:
M = max(M21, M)
M21 = x
else:
M = max(M, x)
R = max(M3*M7, M21*M)
print(" - ", R)
R0 = int(input())
if R == R0: # if int(input()) == R0:
print(" ")
else:
print(" ")
3. 11. : F G:
def F(n):
if n > 0:
G(n - 1)
def G(n):
print('*')
if n > 1:
F(n - 2)
F(11)?
4. 20
x = int(input())
L = x-45
M = x+45
while L!= M:
if L > M: L = M
else: M = L
print(M)
http://pythonworld.ru/samouchitel-python
https://habrahabr.ru/post/29778/
[1] .
[2] . in: X in A, true , false.
[3] var x,y,z,i,j,n1,n2,n3:word; a,b,c:string;
begin
read(c);
a:=copy(c,1,pos(' ',c)-1);delete(c,1,pos(' ',c)); x:=length(a);
b:=copy(c,1,pos(' ',c)-1); delete(c,1,pos(' ',c)); y:=length(b);
z:=length(c);
if ((x>y) or (x=y) and (a>b)) and ((x>z) or (x=z) and (a>c)) then write(a)
else if (z>y) or (z=y) and (c>b) then write(c) else write(b)
end.
[4]
Var i,j,p:longint; a,b,c:string;
begin
readln(a); read(b); i:=length(a); j:=length(b);
c:=''; p:=0;
while (i>0) and (j>0) do begin
p:=p+ord(a[i])+ord(b[j])-96;
c:=chr(p mod 10+48)+c;
p:=p div 10;
i:=i-1; j:=j-1;
end;
if i=0 then
while j>0 do begin
p:=p+ord(b[j])-48;
c:=chr(p mod 10+48)+c;
p:=p div 10; j:=j-1;
end
else
if j=0 then
while i>0 do begin
p:=p+ord(a[i])-48;
c:=chr(p mod 10+48)+c;
p:=p div 10; i:=i-1;
end;
c:=chr(p+48)+c;
while (c[1]='0') and (length(c)>1) do delete(c,1,1);
write(c)
end.