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2016
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, VIII
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Fe (). 26, 1s2 2s2 2p6 3d6 4s2.
(4s2) (3d6). +2, +3 , , +6.
.
( ). , . :
Fe2O3 *3H2O ;
Fe2O3 ;
Fe3O4(FeO *Fe2O3) ;
FeS2 - ().
.
.
() (II) . :
C + O2 = CO2,
CO2 + C = 2CO.
3Fe2O3 + CO = 2Fe3O4 + CO2,
Fe3O4 + CO = 3FeO + CO2,
FeO + CO = Fe + CO2.
.
, , . 7,87 /3, 1539 oC.
.
. (, , ), :
2Fe + 3Cl2 = 2FeCl3 (III)
3Fe + 2O2 = Fe3O4(FeO *Fe2O3) (II,III)
Fe + S = FeS (II)
, :
3Fe + C = Fe3C ()
3Fe + Si = Fe3Si
3Fe + 2P = Fe3P2 (II)
.
():
4Fe + 3O2 + 6H2O = 4Fe(OH)3 ()
, . , , . :
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3Fe + 4H2O = Fe3O4 + 4H2
, :
Fe + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2
Fe + H2SO4 = FeSO4 + H2
, . H2SO4 (III):
2Fe + 6H2SO4 = Fe2(SO4)3 + 3SO2 + 6H2O.
(III):
Fe + 4HNO3 = Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O.
.
, :
Fe + CuSO4 = FeSO4 + C
Fe0 + Cu2+ = Fe2+ + Cu0.
(II)
(II) FeO , . (II) (II,III) (II):
Fe3O4 + CO = 3FeO + CO2.
(II) , , (II):
FeO + 2HCl = FeCl2 + H2O,
FeO + 2H+ = Fe2+ + H2O.
(II) Fe(OH)2 , . (II) :
FeSO4 + 2NaOH = Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4,
Fe2+ + 2OH- = Fe(OH)2.
() Fe(OH)2 , :
Fe(OH)2 + 2HCl = FeCl2 + 2H2O,
Fe(OH)2 + 2H+ = Fe2+ + 2H2O.
(II) :
Fe(OH)2 = FeO + H2O.
+2 , Fe2+ Fe+3:
Fe+2 1e = Fe+3
, Fe(OH)2 . Fe(OH)2 Fe(OH)3 :
4Fe+2(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O = 4Fe+3(OH)3.
, . , (II) (II):
10Fe+2SO4 + 2KMn+7O4 + 8H2SO4 = 5Fe+32(SO4)3 + 2Mn+2SO4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O.
(II).
Fe2+ (III) ( ) K3[Fe(CN)6]:
3FeSO4 + 2K3[Fe(CN)6] = Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2 + 3K2SO4.
[Fe(CN)6]3- Fe2+ - :
3Fe2+ +2[Fe(CN)6]3- = Fe3[Fe(CN)6]2
(III)
(III) Fe2O3 , . (III) :
) (III):
2Fe(OH)3 = Fe2O3 + 3H2O
) (FeS2):
4Fe+2S2-1 + 11O20 = 2Fe2+3O3 + 8S+4O2-2.
4e
11e
Fe+2 1e Fe+3 2S-1 10e 2S+4
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4e
O20 + 4e 2O-2
(III) :
) NaOH KOH :
Fe2O3 + 2NaOH = 2NaFeO2 + H2O,
Fe2O3 + 2OH- = 2FeO2- + H2O,
Fe2O3 + Na2CO3 = 2NaFeO2 + CO2( )
(III) (III) :
FeCl3 + 3NaOH = Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl,
Fe3+ + 3OH- = Fe(OH)3.
(III) , Fe(OH)2, ( ). Fe(OH)3 :
Fe(OH)3 + 3HCl = FeCl3 + H2O
2Fe(OH)3 + 3H2SO4 = Fe2(SO4)3 + 6H2O
Fe(OH)3 + 3H+ = Fe3+ + 3H2O
. 4 6:
Fe(OH)3 + NaOH = Na[Fe(OH)4],
Fe(OH)3 + OH- = [Fe(OH)4]-,
Fe(OH)3 + 3NaOH = Na3[Fe(OH)6],
Fe(OH)3 + 3OH- = [Fe(OH)6]3-.
+3 , Fe+3 Fe+2:
Fe+3 + 1e = Fe+2.
, , (III) :
2Fe+3Cl3 + 2KI = 2Fe+2Cl2 + 2KCl + I20
(III)
) Fe3+ (II) ( ) K2[Fe(CN)6].
[Fe(CN)6]4- Fe3+ - :
4FeCl3 + 3K4[Fe(CN)6] Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 +12KCl,
4Fe3+ + 3[Fe(CN)6]4- = Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3.
) Fe3+ (NH4CNS). CNS-1 (III) Fe3+ (III) - :
FeCl3 + 3NH4CNS Fe(CNS)3 + 3NH4Cl,
Fe3+ + 3CNS1- Fe(CNS)3.
