You are in the foreign city. You want to buy new shoes. Ask someone where the nearest department stores, are. You enter the shop, at the footwear department you try some pairs on, and buy one of them.
VI. Compose a story about the port of Odessa. Use the following words and expressions:
Accommodate, the cargo fleet, to be equipped with; to be designed for; cargo-handling facilities; goods; to be stored; container terminal; to be available.
VII. Home-reading. Read and translate orally and do all tasks in written form.
ICEBERGS
by CARLTON MITCHELL
Carlton Mitchel is a yachtsman, ocean racer, and writer. Here are some extracts from his Passage East, an account of his sail from Bermuda to England in 1952.
Far above the routes used by seamen to connect the populous continents of Europe and North America lie the lonely Arctic wastes covered by ice and snow. Over the polar seas extend fields of ice that never melt, while the lands lie capped by glaciers hundreds of feet thick. These, as icebergs, sometimes appear on mans highways.
Nothing is more majestic or dangerous than a mighty berg of ice, glittering and unreal in sunlight, utterly deadly when hidden by night or fog. Icebergs have the greatest variety of shapes, from those approximating some regular geometric figure to others crowned with spires, domes, minarets, and peaks.
Most of the bergs found on the North Atlantic shipping routes originate from the glaciers of Greenland, where they are dropped into the sea. After the bergs begin their drift, they follow a fairly regular route past Cape Farewell on the southern tip of Greenland into Baffin Bay, where they enter the southbound Labrador Current to drift down the Labrador and Newfoundland coasts. Each year, according to a Hydrographic Office publication, approximately 7500 bergs calve from the glaciers of Greenland. In an average spring 427 cross latitude 48, the northern limit of the Grand Banks, and 35 continue on past 43, the southern limit...
An iceberg is a mass of thousands of tons floating deep in the black water, lying quietly. The only sure sign of an iceberg is to see it. But in a dense fog a berg cannot be seen at any appreciable distance ahead of the ship, where it takes form as a luminous white mass if the sun is shining; otherwise it first appears close aboard as a dark shape.
April, May and June are the most dangerous months.
Ex. I. Answer the following questions:
1. What do most of the bergs of the North Atlantic originate from?
2. What route do these bergs usually follow after they begin to drift?
3. At what distance can a berg be seen in a dense fog?
4. Which are the most dangerous months for navigation in this area?
Ex. II. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. .
2. .
3.- .
4. , .
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5. .
6. ; .
FROM THE JOURNAL
OF THE FIRST VOYAGE
OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
The actual log kept by Columbus has never been found. But two of his contemporaries read it, made notes on it, actually transcribed much of it, and from their manuscripts scientists have compiled what is believed to be a very close approximation of the lost original.
Wednesday, 10th of October. The course was W.S.W., and they went at the rate of 10 miles an hour, sometimes 12 miles, and sometimes 7. During the day and night they made 59 leagues, counted as no more than 44. Here the people could endure no longer. They complained of the length of the voyage. But the Admiral cheered them up, giving them good hopes of the advantages they might get from it. He added that, however much they might complain, he had to go to the Indies, and that he would go on until he found them.
Thursday, 11th of October. After sunset the Admiral returned to his original west course, and they went along at the rate of 12 miles an hour. Up to two hours after midnight they had gone 90 miles, equal to 22 leagues. As the caravel Pinta was a better sailor, and went ahead of the Admiral, she found the land, and made the signals ordered by the Admiral. The land was first seen by a sailor. But the Admiral, at ten in the previous night, saw a light, though it was so uncertain that he was not sure it was land. The Admiral asked the men to keep a good lookout on the forecastle, and to watch well for land. At two hours after midnight the land was sighted at a distance of two leagues. They shortened sail, and lay by under the mainsail without the bonnets, waiting for daylight; and on the next day, they arrived at a small island, called, in the language of the Indians, Guanahani. Presently they saw naked people. The Admiral and two captains went on shore in the armed boat. Having landed, they saw trees very green, and much water, and fruits of different kinds. The Admiral called to the two captains, and to the others who leaped on shore, and said that they should bear faithful testimony that he, in presence of all, had taken possession of the said island for the King and for the Queen.
Presently many inhabitants of the island assembled. What follows is in the actual words of the Admiral in his book of the first navigation and discovery of the Indies.
I said, he says, that we might form great friendship, for I knew that they were people who could be more easily freed and converted to our holy faith by love than by force, gave to some of them red caps, and glass beads to put round their necks, and many other things of little value, which gave them great pleasure, and made them so much our friends that we were greatly surprised. They afterwards came to the ships boats where we were, swimming and bringing us parrots, skins, darts, and many other things; and we exchanged them for other things that we gave them, such as glass beads and small bells. It appeared to me to be a race of people very poor in everything. They go as naked as when their mothers bore them. They are very well made, with very handsome bodies, and very good faces. Their hair is short and coarse, almost like hairs of a horses tail. They paint themselves black, and they are the colour of the Canarians, neither black nor white. Some paint themselves white, others red, and others of what colour they find. Some paint their faces, others the whole body, some only round their eyes, others only on the nose. They neither carry nor know anything of arms, for I showed them swords, and they took them by the blade and cut themselves through ignorance. They have no iron.
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I saw some with marks of wounds on their bodies and I made signs to ask what it was, and they gave me to understand that people from other adjacent islands had come with the intention of seizing them, and that they had defended themselves. I believed, and still believe, that they come here from the mainland to take them prisoners. They should be good servants and intelligent for I observed that they quickly understood what was said to them. I will take at the time of my departure six natives for our country that they may learn to speak. I saw no beast of any kind, except parrots, on this island.
Ex. 1. Answer the following questions:
1.What was the name of the island?
2.What did they see on the island after they had landed?
3.What can you say about the population of the island?
4.What presents did Columbus make to the inhabitants of the island?
5.Why did he make them presents?
6.What did the Indians look like?
Ex. II. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. .
2. , .
3. , .
4. , .
5. , .
6. , .
Test paper
I. Give the equivalents of the following expressions:
; ; ; ; ; .
II. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. 1 .
2. . .
3. ?
4. , ? .
5. .
6. .
7. , .
8. ,
.
III. Read the text and translate it in writing:
Makarov was particularly interested in exploring the Arctic Ocean. He gave much thought to equipping Arctic expeditions in the best possible way and finally came to the conclusion that it was necessary to build a powerful icebreaker which might force its way through the ice to the North Pole. A ship of this type would facilitate regular shipping between the Baltic and White Sea ports and the great Siberian rivers such as the Ob and the Yenisei in summer, and greatly promote seafaring in the Baltic in winter.
For several years Makarov strove to have his idea of building an icebreaker put into practice. Finally the icebreaker was built. The new ship was called Yermak. At the beginning of 1899, breaking the ice in the Gulf of Finland, the Yermak came to Kronstadt.
IV. Answer the following questions in details:
1. What route would a powerful icebreaker facilitate?
2. What conclusion did Makarov come to?
3. What was the ships name built by Makarov and when did she come to
Kronstadt?
