Иностранный язык
Методическое пособие по дисциплине «Иностранный язык»
Для студентов 1 курса заочного отделения
Всех специальностей
Уфа-2016
Пояснительная записка
Данное методическое пособие предназначено для студентов заочного отделения 1 курса всех специальностей.
Целью пособия является подготовка студентов-заочников к самостоятельной работе по чтению научных текстов по специальности. Пособие включает 1 контрольную работу.
Каждый студент выполняет вариант контрольной работы в зависимости от последней цифры присвоенного ему шифра.
Перед контрольной работой указаны грамматические темы, знание которых необходимо для выполнения данной работы. Помимо лексико-грамматических упражнений, в контрольной работе содержится текст с заданиями на его понимание.
При выполнении контрольной работы необходимо соблюдать следующие требования:
1. Контрольная работа в пособии предлагается в 10 вариантах. Студент обязан выполнить один из вариантов (в зависимости от шифра). Остальные могут быть использованы в качестве дополнительного материала для закрепления умений и навыков для самостоятельной работы студентов.
2. Контрольная работа выполняется в отдельной тетради, на обложке указываются фамилия, инициалы и вариант.
3. Работа должна быть написана четко, разборчиво. Следует оставлять поля для замечаний.
4. Задания выполняются в той последовательности, в которой они даются в работе.
5. Лист с заданием вклеивается в тетрадь!
6. В конце работы необходимо привести список использованной литературы.
7. Выполненные контрольные работы сдаются на заочное отделение в указанные сроки (за две недели до начала сессии).
8. Если студент не придерживается этих требований или выполнил работу неполностью, она возвращается ему на доработку.
Контрольная работа
Задания для всех вариантов!
1. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Письменно переведите абзацы 1,2,3.
2. Выпишите из текста слова с окончанием - s и определите, какую функцию выполняет это окончание:
а) глагола 3-го лица единственного числа в Present Simple Tense;
в) множественного числа имени существительного;
с) притяжательного падежа имени существительного.
3. Выпишите из текста предложения с глаголом to be в Present Simple Tense и напишите их вопросительной и отрицательной формах.
4. Выпишите из текста предложения с глаголом to have в Present Simple Tense и напишите их вопросительной и отрицательной формах.
5. Выпишите из текста предложения, в которых употребляются местоимения и укажите их тип.
6. Выпишите из текста прилагательные и наречия, образуйте их степени сравнения.
7. Выпишите из текста существительные
а) в ед.числе и поставьте их во множественное число
в) во мн.числе и поставьте их в единственное число
8. Выпишите из текста конструкции с предлогом of и переведите их на русский язык.
9. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.
ВАРИАНТ 1
RUSSIA
Russia is one of the largest countries in the world. The vas territory of Russia lies in the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia.
Russia is washed by twelve seas and three oceans. The oceans are: the Arctic, the Atlantic, the Pacific. The seas are: the White Sea, the Barents Sea, the Okhotsk Sea, the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea and others.
Russia borders on many countries, such as Mongolia and China in the south-east, Finland and Norway in the northwest, and so on.
The land of Russia varies very much from forests to deserts, from high mountains to deep valleys. The main mountain chains are the Urals, the Caucasus and the Altai. There are a lot of great rivers and deep lakes on its territory. The longest rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena in Asia. The largest lakes are Ladoga and Baikal. Baikal is the deepest lake in the world and its water is the purest on earth.
The Russian Federation is rich in natural and mineral resources. It has deposits of oil, gas, coal, iron, gold and many others.
The current population of Russia is more than 140 million people. The European part of the country is densely peopled, and most population live in cities and towns and their outskirts.
The capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow, with the population of about 10 million people.
Russia is a presidential republic. It is one of the leading powers in the world.
Answer the questions:
1. Where does the vast territory of Russia lie?
2. What oceans and seas is Russia washed by?
3. What countries does Russia border on?
4. What are the main mountain chains, rivers and lakes in Russia?
5. What mineral resources are there in Russia?
6. What is the population of Russia?
7. What is the form of government in Russia?
ВАРИАНТ 2
UK Political System
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern. Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. This means that Great Britain is governed by the Parliament and the Queen is Head of State.
The legislative power in the country is exercised by the Houses of Parliament. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords is composed of hereditary and life peers and peeresses. The members of the House of Commons are elected by the people. They are elected from the constituencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The House of Commons is the real governing body of the United Kingdom.
The executive power is exercised by Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The government is usually formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in the House of Commons. Prime Minister is the majority party leader and is appointed by the Queen. Prime Minister chooses a team of ministers; twenty of the ministers are in the Cabinet.
The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and the Shadow Cabinet. The two leading parties in Great Britain are the Conservative Party (the Tories) and the Labour Party.
The judiciary branch of the government determines common law and is independent of both the legislative and the executive branches.
There is no written constitution in Great Britain, only precedents and traditions.
Answer the questions:
1. What does the term "constitutional monarchy" mean?
2. What body (орган) exercises the legislative power in the country?
3. How are the chambers of the Parliament composed?
4. What body exercises the executive power?
5. How is the executive branch of the government formed?
6. What is the official opposition?
7. What does the judiciary branch of the government do?
8. Is there a written Constitution in Great Britain?
ВАРИАНТ 3
Moscow
Moscow is the capital of Russia, its administrative, economic, political and educational centre. It is one of Russia's major cities with the population of about 9 million people. Its total area is about 900 thousand square kilometres.
The city was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky and was first mentioned in the chronicles in 1147.
In the 16th century, under Ivan the Terrible, Moscow became the capital'of the state of Muscovy. In the 18th century Peter the Great transferred the capital to St. Petersburg, but Moscow remained the heart of Russia.
The present-day Moscow is the seat of the government of the Russian Federation. President of Russia lives and works here; government offices are located here, too.
Moscow is a major industrial city. Its leading industries are engineering, chemical and light industries.
Moscow is known for its many historical buildings, museums and art galleries, as well as for the famous Bolshoi, Maly and Art theatres. There are more than 80 museums in Moscow, among them the unique Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the State Tretyakov Gallery, the Andrey Rublyov Museum of Early Russian Art and many others.
Moscow is a city of science and learning. There are over 80 higher education institutions in the city, including a number of universities.
Answer the questions:
1. What is the role of Moscow in Russia?
2. When was Moscow founded?
3. When did it become the capital?
4. What part does the present-day Moscow play in the life of Russia?
ВАРИАНТ 4
The United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousands small islands. Their total area is over 244 000 square kilometres.
The United Kingdom is one of the world's smaller countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80 percent of the population is urban.
The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively.
The British Isles are separated from the Continent by the North Sea, the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. The western coast of Great Britain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.
The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called Highlands. The south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but the eastern, central and south-eastern parts of England are a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1,343 m). There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It produces and exports machinery, electronics, textiles. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy with a parliament and the Queen as Head of State.
Answer the questions:
1. What islands is the United Kingdom situated on?
2. What is the country's population?
3. What is the United Kingdom made up of?
4. What is the United Kingdom washed by?
5. How can you characterize the surface of the British Isles?
6. What is the climate of Great Britain?
7. What are Britain's chief industries?
8. What is Britain's political system?
ВАРИАНТ 5
The United States of America
The Unites States of America are situated in the central part of the North American continent. Its western coast is washed by the Pacific Ocean and its eastern coast — by the Atlantic Ocean.
The total area of the USA is over nine million square kilometres.
The population of the USA is about 250 million people; most of the population lives in towns and cities.
The USA is a very large country, so it has several different climatic regions.
The United States is a land of rivers and lakes. The northern state of Minnesota is a land of 10,000 lakes. The longest rivers in the USA are the Mississippi, the Missouri and the Rio Grande. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada.
The United States is rich in natural and mineral resources. It produces copper, oil, iron ore and coal. It is a highly-developed industrial and agricultural country.
There are many big cities in the USA, such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and others. The national capital is Washington, D.C. Its population is about 3.4 million. Washington was built in the late eighteenth century as the centre of government. It was named after George Washington.
The USA became the world leading country at the beginning of the twentieth century.
Answer the questions:
1. What can you say about the geographical position of the United States of America?
2. What is the total area and the population of the United States?
3. What is the climate of the United States like?
4. Why is the United States called a land of rivers and lakes?
5. How can you characterize the natural and mineral resources of the country?
6. What are the major cities of the United States?
ВАРИАНТ 7
London's Places of Interest
London is not only the political, economic and cultural centre of the United Kingdom. It is the main tourist attraction of the country. There are a lot of places of interest in London which attract thousands of tourists every year. They usually want to see Westminster Abbey, the Houses of Parliament, Buckingham Palace, St. Paul's Cathedral, the Tower of London.
Westminster is now the political centre of London. In the 11th century King Edward the Confessor decided to build a great abbey church there. There are many royal tombs in the Abbey and memorials to famous men and women. Аll the coronations have taken place in the Abbey.
During the reign of Edward the Confessor the Palace of Westminster was built, too. It was the royal residence and also the country's main court. The Parliament met here since the 16th till the 19th century. The present Houses of Parliament were built after the fire in the Palace of Westminster in 1834. There are two houses in the Parliament: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.St. Stephen's Tower of the Houses of Parliament contains the famous Big Ben.
Buckingham Palace is the Queen's official London residence. Londoners usually watch the Changing of the Guards in the forecourt of the palace. It lasts about 30 minutes.
St Paul's Cathedral is Sir Christopher Wren's masterpiece. It was built from 1675 to 1709. It is crowned with a huge dome. There are many memorials in the Cathedral, including memorials to Wellington and Nelson.
The Tower of London is associated with many important events in the British history. It used to be a fortress, a palace, a prison, a mint. The White Tower was built by William the Conqueror to protect the city.
London is noted for its museums and art galleries. Among them are the National Gallery, the National Portrait Gallery, the Tate,, the Museum of London, the Museum of Moving Image, Madame Tussaud's Museum and many others.
Answer the questions:
1. What are the main tourist attractions in London?
2. What is Westminster Abbey noted for?
3. What is the history of the Houses of Parliament?
4. What is Buckingham Palace?
5. What is St. Paul's Cathedral famous for?
6. What is the Tower of London associated with?
7. What world-famous museums are there in London?
ВАРИАНТ 8
State System of Russia
Russia is a parliamentary republic. Head of State in this country is the President. The government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The President controls each of them.
The legislative power is exercised by the Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers: the Council of Federation and the State Duma. Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. A bill may be introduced in any chamber. A bill becomes a law if it is approved by both chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill. He can make international treaties. The President may also appoint ministers; the Federal Assembly approves them. The members of the Federal Assembly are elected by the people for four years.
The executive power belongs to the Government, or the Cabinet of Ministers. The government is headed by the Prime Minister.
The judicial power belongs to the system of courts. It consists of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and other courts.
The national symbol of Russia is a white-blue-and-red banner. The coat-of-arms of the Russian Federation is the double-headed eagle.
Answer the questions:
1. What branches does the Government consist of?
2. What is the legislative power exercised by?
3. How is a law made?
4. What body does the executive power belong to?
5. What does the system of courts consist of?
6. What are the national symbols of Russia?
ВАРИАНТ 9
Washington, D.C.
The United States is a federal union which is made up of fifty states and one independent district — the District of Columbia. The District of Columbia is the territory of the national capital of the USA, Washington, with its own laws and regulations. Washington, D.C. is situated on both banks of the Potomac river, between the two states, Maryland and Virginia.
This place was chosen by the first American President George Washington. The plot of land of a hundred square miles was bought from private owners by the state. In 1790 George Washington laid the corner-stone of the Capitol where the Congress sits. The place was called the District of Columbia in honour of Columbus, the discoverer of America. The capital got the name of Washington after the name of its founder. Washington has been the federal capital since 1800.
Washington is sometimes called the heart of America. It is the place where the federal government works and where each President of the United States lives. Washington is smaller in size than the largest cities of the USA, such as New York, Chicago, Detroit or Los Angeles. The population of Washington is about 11 million people. The buildings in Washington are not very tall because no building must be taller than the Capitol. But in political sense Washington is the center of the country and the most important city of the United States.
Answer the questions:
1. How many parts is the USA made up of?
2. What is the District of Columbia?
3. How was Washington, D.C. founded?
4. What is Washington famous for?
5. In what sense is Washington the most important city in the USA?
ВАРИАНТ 10
London
London is the capital of the United Kingdom, its economic, political and cultural centre. It is one of the world's most important ports and one of the largest cities in the world. London with its suburbs has a population of about 11 million people.
Once London was a small Roman town on the north bank of the Thames. Slowly it grew into one of the world's major cities.
Different areas of London seem like different cities. The West End is a rich man's world of shops, offices and theatres. The City of London is the district where most offices and banks are concentrated; the Royal Exchange and the Bank of England are here, too. The East End is the district where mostly working people live. The old port area is now called "Docklands". There are now new office buildings in Docklands, and thousands of new flats and houses.
By the day the whole of London is busy. At night, offices are quiet and empty, but the West End stays alive, because this is where Londoners come to enjoy themselves. There are two opera houses here, several concert halls and many theatres, as well as cinemas. In nearby Soho the pubs, restaurants and night clubs are busy half the night.
Like all big cities, London has streets and concrete buildings, but it also has many big parks, full of trees, flowers and grass. In the middle of Hyde Park or Kensington Gardens you will think that you are in the country, miles away.
Many people live outside the centre of London in the suburbs, and they travel to work in shops and offices by train, bus or underground ("The Tube").
Answer the questions:
1. What part does London play in the life of the United Kingdom?
2. What are the most famous ancient buildings of London?
3. What are different districts of London famous for?
4. Why do some districts of London stay alive at night?
5. What does London have except concrete buildings?
6. Where do many people live?
Грамматика
1. Типы местоимений
