.


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, , . .

 

. m n :

, (1)

aij , bi . n , .

 

. , . , .

 

. , , .

 

. (1)

 

= ,

 

*=

 

 

. b1, b2, ,bm = 0, . .

 

.

:

 

1) , , .

2) .

3) , .

 

.

( (1777-1855) )

 

, . .

:

 

 

1 a11 ¹ 0, :

1) 21

2) 31

..

 

 

:

, d1j = a1j/a11, j = 2, 3, , n+1.

dij = aij ai1d1j i = 2, 3, , n; j = 2, 3, , n+1.

 

, ..

 

. .

 

.

 

* =

 

, :

 

, : x3 = 2; x2 = 5; x1 = 1.

 

. .

 

.

 

, :

 

, : z = 3; y = 2; x = 1.

, .

 

:

: {1, 2, 3, 4}.

 

, 3- 4 . . .

 
 

:

.

: Maple (Ó Waterloo Maple Inc.) , MapleV Release 4.

 

 

.

 

. ( ). , .

 

. () .

. , . .

 

. , , .

, .

 

. , , .

 

, .. , . , , .

 

. .

-

- , .

( ), a > 0.

( ¯ ), a < 0.

 

 

.

 

1) + = + - .

2) + ( + ) = ( + )+

3) + =

4) +(-1) =

5) (a×b) = a(b )

6) (a+b) = a + b -

7) a( + ) = a + a

8) 1× =

 

.

1) 3 , .

2) 2 , .

3) .

 

. - , a, b g - .

 

:

 

- ,

 

- ,

 

= .

 

- .

 

; ;

+ = .

.

 

. - . ( ) . , . , . .

.

 

.

- . , - .

 

. . . , .

1-

2-

3-

.

(x1, y1, z1), B(x2, y2, z2), = (x2 x1, y2 y1, z2 z1).

 

. , .

 

. , .

 

. (1; 2; 3), (-1; 0; 3), (2; 1; -1) (3; 2; 2) . , , .

, , , , :

.

.

, .

.

 

D1 =

;

D2 =

 

D3 =

, , , : { -1/4, 7/4, 5/2}.

 

, , .. , , , .

:

 
 

Enter.

: Maple (Ó Waterloo Maple Inc.) , MapleV Release 4.

 

. (1, y1, z1), B(x2, y2, z2), .

 

(, , z) l/m, :

:

x = (x1 + x2)/2; y = (y1 + y2)/2; z = (z1 + z2)/2.

 

 

.

 

 

 

.

 

. , .

× = ï ïï ïcosj

 

 

:

 

1) × = ï ï2;

2) × = 0, ^ = 0 = 0.

3) × = × ;

4) ×( + ) = × + × ;

5) (m = ×(m ) = m( × );

 

,

× = xa xb + ya yb + za zb;

, :

;

 

. (5 + 3 )(2 - ),

10 × - 5 × + 6 × - 3 × = 10 ,

.. .

 

. ,

.

.. = (1, 2, 3), = (6, 4, -2)

× = 6 + 8 6 = 8:

.

cosj =

 

. (3 - 2 )×(5 - 6 ),

15 × - 18 × - 10 × + 12 × = 15

+ 12×36 = 240 336 + 432 = 672 336 = 336.

 

. ,

.

.. = (3, 4, 5), = (4, 5, -3)

× = 12 + 20 - 15 =17:

.

cosj =

 

. m .

 

= (m, 1, 0); = (3, -3, -4)

.

 

. ,

()() =

 

= 10 +

 

+ 27 + 51 + 135 + 72 + 252 = 547.

 

 

.

 

. , :

1) , j - ,

2)

3) , .

: .

 

 

 
 

 


j

 

:

 

1) ;

2) , ïï = 0 = 0;

3) (m = ´(m ) = m( ´ );

4) ´( + ) = ´ + ´ ;

5) (xa, ya, za) (xb, yb, zb) ,

´ =

 

6) , .

 

 

.

.

= (2, 5, 1); = (1, 2, -3)

.

 

 

, . :

 
 

Enter. Enter .

: Maple (Ó Waterloo Maple Inc.) , MapleV Release 4.

 

. (2, 2, 2), (4, 0, 3),

(0, 1, 0).

(2).

 

. , , .

, .. , .

 

. , ,

(2).

 

.

 

. , , , .

(, , ).

, , .

 

 

 

 

 

 

:

 

1) , :

) ;

) ;

) .

2)

3)

4)

5) , , ,

6) , ,

 

. , (5; 7; 2), B(3; 1; -1), C(9; 4; -4), D(1; 5; 0) .

:

:

,

, , A, B, C D .

 

. , BCD, A(0; 0; 1), B(2; 3; 5), C(6; 2; 3), D(3; 7; 2).

 

:

BCD.

S = (2)

.. V = ; ()

 

 

.

 

.

, - . .

 

. y = f(x) , .

 

, , t.

. .

 

.

 

.

+ + = 0,

, , .. 2 + 2 ¹ 0. .

 

, :

- C = 0, ¹ 0, ¹ 0

- = 0, ¹ 0, ¹ 0 { By + C = 0}-

- = 0, ¹ 0, ¹ 0 { Ax + C = 0}

- = = 0, ¹ 0

- = = 0, ¹ 0

 

.

 

.

. (, ) , + + = 0.

 

. , (1, 2) (3, -1).

 

= 3 = -1 : 3 + = 0. .

: 3 2 + C = 0, = -1.

: : 3 1 = 0.

 

, .

M1(x1, y1, z1) M2(x2, y2, z2), , :

 

- , .

:

1 ¹ 2 = 1, 1 = 2.

= k .

 

. , (1, 2) (3, 4).

 

, :

 

.

 

+ + = 0 :

 

, k.

 

 

.

, .

 

. (a1, a2), a1 + a2 = 0

+ + = 0.

 

. (1, -1) (1, 2).

 

: Ax + By + C = 0. , :

1×A + (-1)×B = 0, .. = .

 

: Ax + Ay + C = 0, x + y + C/A = 0.

 

= 1, = 2 /A = -3, .. :

+ - 3 = 0

 

 

.

+ + = 0 ¹ 0, , , :

,

, , b .

 

. + 1 = 0. .

 

= 1, , = -1, b = 1.

 

 

.

 

+ + = 0 , ,

xcosj + ysinj - p = 0

.

, m× < 0.

, , j - , .

 

. 12 5 65 = 0. .

:

: ( 5)

:

 

; cosj = 12/13; sinj = -5/13; p = 5.

C , , , , .

 

. . , , 8 2.

 

: , a = b = 1; ab/2 = 8; a = 4; -4.

a = -4 .

: + 4 = 0.

 

. , (-2, -3) .

 

: , 1 = 1 = 0; x2 = -2; y2 = -3.

 

 

 

: , (-3, -4) .

 

: { x + 3 = 0; y + 4 = 0}.

 

.

. y = k1x + b1, y = k2x + b2,

.

, k1 = k2.

, k1 = -1/k2.

 

. + + = 0 1 + 1 + 1 = 0 , 1 = l, 1 = l. 1 = l, .

.

 

 

,

.

. , 1(1, 1) = kx + b :

 

 

.

. (0, 0), + + =0

.

 

. 1(1, 1) , . 1:

(1)

x1 1 :

, 0 .

:

A(x x0) + B(y y0) + Ax0 + By0 + C = 0,

, , :

(1), :

.

 

.

 

. : y = -3x + 7; y = 2x + 1.

 

K1 = -3; k2 = 2 tgj = ; j = p/4.

 

. , 3 5 + 7 = 0 10 + 6 3 = 0 .

 

: k1 = 3/5, k2 = -5/3, k1k2 = -1, , .

 

. (0; 1), B(6; 5), C(12; -1). , .

 

: ; 4x = 6y 6;

2x 3y + 3 = 0;

: Ax + By + C = 0 y = kx + b.

k = . y = . .. , : b = 17. : .

: 3x + 2y 34 = 0.

 

 

: x + y 6 = 0,

3x 5y + 15 = 0, 5x 3y 14 = 0. .

: , , , .

: { x y = 0; 5x + 3y 26 = 0; 3x + 5y 26 = 0}.

 

.

 

 





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