3. Insert prepositions:
Is there any message ____ me, please?
Mr. Brown telephoned you ____ three o'clock.
He will call you ____ eight this evening.
Thank you ____ the message.
The sugar is ____ the table.
What's the number ____ the channel?
Can I make a local call ____ my room?
That's a rule practically ____ every hotel in England.
I'll do that ____ all means.
4. Complete the dialogues:
Excuse me, is there ____ message ____?
What's your ____ number, sir?
It's ____.
Just ____. Yes, Mr. Brown ____ at three o'clock. And he will ____.
Thank ____.
Would ____ tea or ____?
I don't ____. Tea ____.
Here ____.
Thank you. May I ____ milk ____?
Yes, here ____. And if ____ sugar ____ table. Help ____.
Excuse me, is ____ paid?
What's the number ____?
It's ____.
No ____. Only channel 10 ____.
Thank you ____. And ____ remove ____.
If ____ need ____ certainly ____.
____ how can I ____ call from ____?
It's very ____. Dial 0 and then ____. But please note ____ paid.
Do you mean all ____ area?
Yes ____ rule ____.
I see. When ____ pay ____?
Any time before ____.
____ I'll ____ means.
5. Underline auxiliary and modal verbs in the following questions:
ü auxiliary
ü modal
Is there any message for me, please?
Is this channel paid?
Would you like tea or coffee?
May I also have some milk, please?
Will you remove these bags, please?
Do you mean all calls in the London area?
What's your room number?
What's the number of the channel?
How can I make a call from my room?
When should I pay then?
UNIT 23
ACCOUNTING
1. Read and translate the text:
At one of the sessions the participants of the Group discussed the subject of Accounting and International Accounting Standards.
Here is a part of the lecture:
What is accounting?
Accounting can be defined as the measuring and recording of all relevant financial data concerning a particular entity, that is business, government organization, etc.
Financial reporting is the communicating of such information in appropriately summarized form. In the UK such summarized form is called "Accounts". In the USA it is called "Financial statements". These accounts or statements are communicated to interested parties both within and outside the organization.
Financial reporting provides information that is useful to present and potential investors, creditors and other users in making rational investment, credit and other economic decisions.
Accounting is often referred to as the "language of business". And, as a direct result of the work of accountants and auditors. A wide range of different users of financial reporting are able to answer questions such as:
How much profit did the company make last year?
How much should I lend to the company?
Is this company more successful than its competitors?
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How much can I withdraw from the company?
Was last year an improvement over the year before? etc.
Accountants are therefore those individuals specialized in the "art" of capturing the correct data, and preparing the most meaningful financial reports from that data. They are "producers" of financial information, which is then made available to "consumers" such as owners and lenders.
Accountants are assisted in their work by bookkeepers, who operate some form of accounting system, usually computerized, to help capture, accumulate, categorize, summarize and report the many thousands of transactions that affect an economic entity every year.
2. Translate into Russian:
Accounts
financial statements (Am.)
measuring and recording of all relevant financial data
data concerning a particular entity
an entity is a business, government
organization or another organization
communicating information
in an appropriately summarized form
they are communicated to interested parties
Interested parties are within or outside the organizations.
This information is useful and informative.
It is useful to present and potential investors, creditors and other users.
It helps them to make rational investment, credit and other decisions.
Accounting is a direct result of the work of accountants and auditors.
It helps to answer their questions.
Accountants capture the correct data and prepare reports.
This financial information is then made available to owners, lenders and other users.
Bookkeepers operate some form of accounting system.
3. Complete as in the text:
Accounting can be defined ____ the measuring and recording. ____ all relevant financial data.
____ the UK such summarized form of financial reporting is called____.
____ the USA it is called ____.
Financial reporting provides information that is useful to ____ and other users.
Accounting is a direct result of the work of ____.
Accountants specialize in the art ____ capturing the correct data and preparing reports ____ that data.
This financial information is made available to consumers such as ____.
Accountants are assisted in their work ____ bookkeepers.
Accountants report the many thousands ____ transactions that affect ____ every year.
4. Match English and Russian equivalents:
| Accounting is often referred | |
| to as the language of business | . |
| a wide range of users of financial reporting | . |
| Accountants are individuals specialized in capturing the correct data. | |
| They are also specialized in preparing reports | , , , . |
| Their financial reporting is made available to different users | . |
| Accountants capture, accumulate, categorize, summarize and report thousands of transactions. | |
| Usually thousands of transactions affect every economic entity every year |
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5. Sum up what the text said about:
accountants and bookkeepers
financial accounting
UNIT 24
BALANCE SHEETS
1. Read and translate the text:
In the course of the lecture on Accounting the lecturer distributed material with diagrams, tables and other information.
Here is a balance sheet sample distributed:
| ABICO INTERNATIONAL AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET as at December 31,2015 | ||
| à Current Assets: | 15,000 | 11,800 |
| Cash | 9,000 | 6,920 |
| Marketable Securities | 1,200 | 1,080 |
| Receivables | 2,800 | 2,600 |
| Inventories | 2,000 | 1,200 |
| à Long-term Assets: | 5,443 | 3,200 |
| Property, Plant and Equipment | 1,056 | 0,950 |
| Investments | 0,200 | 0,100 |
| Receivables | 0,207 | 0,100 |
| Goodwill | 2,400 | 2,000 |
| Deferred Expenditure | 0,580 | 0,500 |
| à Total Assets | 20,443 | 15,000 |
| à Current Liabilities: | 3,000 | 2,600 |
| Loans | 2,000 | 1,800 |
| Payables | 1,000 | 0,800 |
| à Long-term Liabilities: | 4,300 | 3,200 |
| Loans | 4,000 | 3,000 |
| Other liabilities and provisions | 0,300 | 0,200 |
| à Total Liabilities | 7,300 | 5,800 |
| NET ASSETS EMPLOYED | 13,143 | 9,200 |
| à Shareholder's Interests: | 5,000 | 3,000 |
| Share Capital | 3,000 | 1,700 |
| Reserves | 2,143 | 2,000 |
| Retained Earnings | 2,000 | 2,000 |
| à Minority Interests | 1,000 | 0,500 |
| à Total Shareholder's Interest | 6,000 | 3,500 |
2. Translate into Russian:
balance sheet
consolidated balance sheet
balance sheet sample
current assets current liabilities
receivables
payables
shares
share capital shareholder
interest
shareholder's interest
minority interest
total shareholder's interest
earnings
retained earnings
cash
loans
inventories
marketable securities
current assets
long-term assets
total assets
3. Complete the sentences:
Current assets consist of cash, marketable securities ____.
Long-term assets consist of property, plant and equipment, investments ____.
Total assets consist of current assets and ____.
Current liabilities consist of loans and ____.
Long-term liabilities consist of loans and ____.
Total liabilities consist of current liabilities and ____.
Total assets minus total liabilities make net assets ____.
Shareholder's interests plus minority interests make total ____.
4. Answer the following questions:
On what subject was the text mentioned in this Unit read?
What sample did this Unit capture?
What terms were rather difficult to remember?
5. Make sentences:
| The lecturer distributed | many materials a few diagrams a few balance sheets a few balance sheet samples |
| It was a lecture on | accounting balance sheet making securuties share capital reserves loans investments |
| The balance sheet says that | the assets the liabilities the net assets the total share holder's interest |
UNIT 25
TAXES
1. Read and translate the text:
On a certain day after the lecture on the UK taxation system the Group was to visit the Tax Department of a lawyers' firm in the centre of London. Mr. Hill and the participants went there by tube which is the fastest means of transport when one wishes to move in the centre of the city. After they got into the building of the firm they went to the secretary's office.
Mr. Hill: Good afternoon.
Secretary: Good afternoon, sir.
Mr. Hill: My name is Hill and here is the Group of Russian businessmen. We have got an appointment with Mr. Brown for three.
Secretary: Mr. Brown is waiting for you in the conference room. Follow me, please.
In the conference room a few Englishmen were waiting for the Group. Mr. Brown, Head of the Department, welcomed the Group and introduced his colleagues. They were solicitors and legal assistants of different offices. Each of them spoke about his scope of business for some time. Thus the participants had some information on commercial taxes, international taxes. Project Finance taxes and other taxation matters.
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A lot of questions were asked and answered then. The discussions were very useful and informative. Before the participants left they were offered latest Tax Guides containing current tax rates and tax saving hints.
Here is an extract from the Guide:
