I. Գ
() (, , ) | ||||
(415) | (479) | (525) | ||
(4) | (4) | (5) | ||
() (, , ) | ||||
(, , ) | (1695) | (1981) | (2036) | |
: | ||||
(82) | (73) | (84) | ||
(246) | (241) | (301) | ||
(48) | (34) | (48) | ||
Գ : | ||||
Գ | (6) | (5) | (6) | |
(26) | (7) | |||
Գ : | ||||
- | ||||
(27) | ||||
(2) | (25) | (47) | ||
Գ : | ||||
- | ||||
(29) | ||||
: | ||||
: | ||||
- | ||||
(29) |
II.
³ | ||||
:
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= f (1, 2, 3,...,n) (1.1)
0= f (10, 20, 30,...,n0) - ;
¢= f (1¢, 2¢, 3, ¢...,n¢) - , ();
(0), , (¢), () ( - +, -).
, , :
= ¢ - 0, 1 = 1¢ - 10, 2 = 2¢ - 20,... n = n¢ - n0 (1.2)
:
0 = ƒ(10, 20, 30 n0);
= ƒ(1¢, 20, 30 n0), ∆(1) = - 0 = 0- ; (1.3)
= ƒ(1¢, 2¢, 30n0), ∆(2) = = ;
= ƒ(1¢, 2¢, 3¢ n0), ∆(3) = = ;
............
¢ = ƒ(1¢, 2¢, 3¢ n¢), ∆(n) = ¢ - n-1 = n-1 ¢;
∆ = ¢ - 0 = ∆(1) + ∆(2) + ∆(3) ++ (n),
∆(1) 1;
1, 2, 3, n-1 .
:
(1) = f ( 1, 20, 30,...,n0) (1.4)
(2) = f (1¢, 2, 30,...,n0)
(3) = f (1¢, 2¢, 3¢, 3,...,n0)
......
(n) = f (1¢, 2¢, 3¢,..., n)
:
D1% = D1: 10× 100 % (1.5)
D2% = D2 : 20× 100 %
.....
Dn% = Dn: n0× 100 %
D(1) = (0× D1%): 100 % (1.6)
D(2) = (0 + D(1)) × D2%: 100%
......
D(n-1) = (0 + D(1) + D(2) + +D(n-1)) × Dn-1%: 100%
D(n) = D (D(1) + D(2) + +D(n-1))
: (1.7)
n , , .
:
ü . N 4- " 20_ ";
ü . 29- ϳ , , 1 20_ ;
ü . N 9-- " , 20_ ";
ü . N 24 " 20_ ";
ü . 50- 20_ ;
ü . 2- 20_
ü - 5 .-., 5 .-.; - 5 .-.; , -, , .
:
- : ³ (. -6), (. -7), (. -8), (. -9), (. -10), , ( ) (. -11) ..
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- : 쳔 (. -2), ³ (. -9), ³ (. -1), ³ (. -2), ³ (. -7), ( ) (. -9), (. 3- ), 쳔 (. -1), (. -8), 쳔 (. -17), (. -3), (. -4), (. -5), (, ) (. -6), (. -7), (. -8), (. -9), ( ) (. -18), ( ) (. -19) .
Y, . .:
Y = 1 ∙ 2, (2.1)
1 , . .;
2 .
:
, (2.2)
- ; n .
Y, . .:
Y = 1 ∙ 2 ∙ 3, (2.3)
1 ( , ; , .);
2 ( , /; 1 , );
3 , .
Y, :
Y = 1 ∙ 2, (2.4)
1 , ;
2 , /.
Y, :
Y = 1 ∙ 2, (2.5)
1 , .;
2 1 , .
:
+ = + , (2.6)
- ;
- (, , );
- (, , , ).
.:
. = : (2.7)
, , .;
, .
, :
= : ( + ) ×100 (2.8)
= ( ( -)): × 100 % (2.9)
, , .;
, , .
ʳ Y, ..:
Y = 1 ∙ 2, (2.10)
1 , ..;
2 1 .. ( )
г 1 Y, ..:
Y = 2: 1, (2.11)
1 , .;
2 , ..
Y, .. 1 :
Y = 1: 2, (2.12)
1 , ..;
2 , .
Y, 1 ..:
Y = 2: 1, (2.13)
1 , ..;
2 , .
:
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ü . N 4- " 20_ ";
ü . 29- ϳ , , 1 20_ ;
ü . 50- 20_ ;
ü . N 4 () " 20_ ";
ü ; ; ; -
.
ٳ ( ) Y 1 / ():
Y = 2: 1, (3.1)
1 / , ;
2 , .
ٳ ( ) Y 100 / ( 100 , 100 , 100 ):
Y = 2: 1 ∙ 100 , (3.2)
1 / , ;
2 , ; ( , .)
Y 100 / :
Y = 2: 1 ∙ 100 , (3.3)
1 / , ;
2 ( , ), . .; ( , . .)
:
ü . N 9-- " , 20_ ";
ü . N 24 " 20_ ";
ü . 50- 20_ ;
ü . 2- 20_
ü - 5 .-. - 5 .-.; ; - .
( , , , , ), , .
:
= bx + a, (4.1)
;
b ();
().
100 . Y, .:
Y = 1: 2 ∙ 100 ., (4.2)
1 , .;
2 , .
100 . Y, .:
Y = 1: 2 ∙ 100 ., (4.3)
1 , .;
2 , .
Y, .:
Y = 2: 1, (4.4)
1 ( , /; 1 , );
2 ( 1 ; 1 ), .
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:
ü . 50- 20_ ;
ü . 2- 20_
ü . 1- ;
ü . 6- , ;
ü . 7-
ü - 5 -; - 5; ; - .
, , .
г ( ) Y, .:
Y = 1 ∙ 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 4, (5.1)
1 ;
2 ;
3 - ;
4 1 .- ( ), .
Y:
Y = 2: 1, (5.2)
1 ;
2 - .
Y:
Y = 4: 3 , (5.3)
Y = 4: 2 , (5.4)
Y = 4: 1 , (5.5)
1 ;
2 .- ;
3 .- ;
4 , . .
Y:
Y = 1: = 2: 1, (5.6)
;
1 ( 1 ; 1 ) ;
2 .- (.-) .
( ) Y, . .:
Y = 1 ∙ 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 4, (5.7)
1 ;
2 ;
3 - ;
4 1 , .
:
ü . 5 ;
ü . 11- , ();
ü . 10- ;
ü . 2- , ;
ü - 4- 4-; ; - .
, , .
, .
= : S × 100; = : ; (6.1-6.4)
= : S × 100; = : ,
, . .;
S , ;
, .;
, ( ..).
:
= : ; = : ; = : (6.5-6.7)
, . .;
, . .;
, . .;
, . .
= : ; = : (6.8-6.9)
, . .;
, . .;
.
():
= / , (6.10)
- , . .
():
= / , = 1 (6.11)
, . .;
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():
= / (6.12)
, . .;
, . .
():
= / , (6.13)
, . .;
, . .
():
= - , (6.14)
;
.
г 1 1, . . :
1 = ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ = ∙ = ∙ = ∙ , (6.15-6.18)
- (365 );
;
;
;
-;
-;
3 -;
(. . ) 1 ;
(. . ) 1 ;
(. . ) - 1 .
:
= / , (6.19)
:
= / , (6.20)
:
= / (6.21)
г 1 1, ∙ :
1 = ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ , (6.22)
- (365 );
;
- ;
;
, ;
;
, ∙ ;
.
:
= / , (6.23)
- .
:
= / (6.24)
,
:
= 1 / , (6.25)
1 () , ∙ ;
, ∙ .
, ∙ :
= ∙ (6.26)
г Y, -:
Y = 1 ∙ 2, (6.27)
1 , .;
2 1 , -.
:
ü . 2 ;
ü . 5 ;
ü . 6 ;
ü . 50- 20_ ;
ü . 2- 20_
ü . 21- 20__ ;
ü : . 11- () -____ 20_ ; . 13- () -___ 20_ ; . 21- () -____ 20__ ; . 1- (, ) ____ 20_ ;
ü - 6 .-. 7 .-.; .
, .
Y, . .:
Y = 1 ∙ 2, (7.1)
1 ;
2 () , .
Y, . .:
Y = 1 ∙ (3 2), (7.2)
1 ;
2 , .;
3 () , .
Y, %:
Y = 2 / 1 = (3 1) / 1, (7.3-7.4)
1 , .;
2 , .;
3 () , .
Y, %:
Y = 2 / 1, (7.5)
1 , . .;
2 , . .
Y, . .:
Y = 3 1 = 2 + 4, (7.6-7.7)
1 , . .;
2 , . .;
3 , . .;
4 , . .
Y:
Y = 2 / 1, (7.8)
1 , . .;
2 , . .
, ( ) Y:
Y = 1 / 2, (7.9)
1 , . .;
2 .
:
ü Գ (. 1 ; . 2 ; . 3 ; . 4 ; . 5 ; . 6 )
ü Գ ᒺ (. 1- ; . 2- )
ü ᒺ (. 1- ; . 2- )
ü (. 11- , (); . 50- 20_ ; . 2- 20_ )
1. , , ̳ 19 2006 N 14 ( ̳ 26 2010 . 1361).
2. , () ', 11.02.2010 . 72.
3. , , ̳ 1 2003 . 247 ( ̳ 22 2009 . 1234).
4. , 28.07.2006 .
5. - , ̳ 14 2006 . N 170.
6. , 8 2004 . 279 ( 5).
7. - ( ), 23 2001 . 99.
8. , , ̳ , 26 2001 N 49/121.
9. , ( 13.05.1998 .) 23 1998 22.