.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


.




, , , , , . 70% , (.. Russell, Bott & Sammons, 1989). , , , , , , .

, ; 90% (. . Russell, 1994). , , . , , , , (J. R. Asarnow & Asarnow, 1996).

.

, 12- , , 20-25 (Remschmidt, Schultz, Martin, Warnke & Trott, 1994):

, , 0,14 1,0 10 000 .

100 , (Bromet & Fennig, 1999).

(2-4 ) (Hafner, Hambrecht, Lofeer, Munk-Jorgenson & Reichler-Rossier, 1998), , . (Franzier et al, 1997).

; , (general biological vulnerability of males for neurological disorders), () . - . . , , , (Bromet & Fennig, 1999), - (J. R. Asarnow & Asarnow, 1994).

.

12 , .

.

(vulnerability-stress model), , . : , , , , . , , , , , ; , . , , ; : , .

. , , , , . , , , , , , , . , (enduring psycho-biological vulnerabilities), , , . , , , (J. R. Asarnow & Asarnow, 1996).

.

, (Tsuang, 2000). , , . 88% 23% , , 15- (Kallman & Roth, 1956).

, (Rosenthal, 1970). , (Pulver, 2000), (Gordon, Krasnewich, White, Lenane & Rapoport, 1994).

, , , (D. A. Lewis & Lieberman, 2000). (brain lesion), , , .

, 15-20- , , . , (neurodevelopmental model), , , , () (prefrontal cortex) (Raedler, Knable & Weinberger, 2000; Selemon & Goldman-Rakic, 1999). , , (D. A. Lewis & Lieberman, 2000). , , -, (mediated) (dopamine and glutamine systems) (Lieberman, 1999). , , , , , (Marenko & Weinberger, 2000).

, , , , . , , , (Sowell, Toga & Asarnow, 2000). , , 22- , 10- , , , (Casanova, Carosella, Klienman, 1990). , , (disruptions) (Alagband-Rad, Hamburger, Giedd, Frazier & Rapoport, 1997; Frazier et al., 1996).

, , , , , . , , , , . , (Strandbund, Marsh, Brown, Asarnow & Guthrie, 1994). , , (R. F. Asarnow et al., 1994).

.

(familial) , , 100% , , . (nongenetic factors), , , , , -, (Marcelis et al., 1998). , , , , .

, (high risk samples), . , , . , , 10- (Fish, 1987). , - . , , , , . / - , (Fish, 1987).

, , , (family disturbances) , (schizophrenia-spectrum outcomes) (Kallman & Roth, 1956). , , 80% - , , ( ), , 65% . , , , , , .

, , , , () (schizotypal personality disorder, SPD) (J. R. Asarnow, Tompson & Goldstein, 1994). , , , . , , , (J. R. Asarnow, 1998). , (raters) , , , , , (Grimes & Walker, 1994; Walker & Lewine, 1990).

, , , , (communication deviance), , . , (poorest attentional functioning). , , , (J. R. Asarnow, Goldstein, Ben-Meir, 1988). , , , .

, , , , , (J. R. Asarnow & Asarnow, 1996). (June Beeby), 17- , , , :

. , , , . (. Nichols, 1995, . 70). , , , . ... , (. 70). , , , : ... , , (. 74).

.

, , , .

, .

.

... , , .

(. Nichols, 1995, . 73)

, . , . , , , , . (neuroleptics), , , , . . , , (haloperidol) (clozapine) ( ) (Kurma et al., 1998). , , (McGlashen, 1996).

, , (psychosocial) , , , . , , .

.

, . , , , , .

.

(autism)

(autistic dicorder)

, (pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs)

(perseveratiori on sameness)

(spectrum disorder)

(joint social attention)

(protoimperative gestures)

(protodeclarative gestures)

() (pronoun reversal)

(echolalia)

(pragmatics)

(self-stimulatory behaviors)

() (theory of mind, ToM)

(mentalization)

(central coherence)

(discrete trial training)

(incidental training)

(operant speech training)

(PA) (Asperger's Disorder)

(Rett's disorder)

(Childhood disintegrative disorder)

(Pervasive Development Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, PDD-NOS)

(Childhood-onset schizophrenia)

(schizophrenia)

(delusions)

(hallucinations)

(related symptoms and comorbidities)

(vulnerability-stress model)

(communication deviance)

(neuroleptics)





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