( ) . - . α-, β-, , , , .
1. - -.
, -, 10-12 10-5 . 0,2 , 0,2 .
. (, ) , .
.
- 0,01 . , . (-, , ), , - .
2. -
α- , . α- (Z>82). - , 20 000 /c, 4.003 ..., 2-11 , 2-10 , . 1 - 100-250 . , ( ).
3. -
β ( ) ( ), . - 0,000548 ..., , 25 , 1 , 1 50-100 ( ).
|
|
4. -
5. -
(), , , , , -, -, . -, ( ) 880 .
.
( ) , .
() - . (/). (q), 1 = 1 / (-1). . 1 K [] = 3.7 ∙ 1010 .
= dN/dt = λN,
N t, λ () -1;
, . :
N(t) = N0 e-lt , (t) = 0 e-lt
T1/2=0,693/ λ
Nt , t;
N0 t = 0 (N0 > Nt);
At t;
0 t = 0;
( = 2,72);
λ , -1;
t , t- t0,