11. .
ms, . ms, m, . . ms s , ½. , , ms. , :
n = 1, 2, 3,
l = 0, 1, 2, 3, n-1
m = - l,-1, 0, +1,+ l
ms = + ½, - ½
1925 - , : , , : n, l, m ms.
.
, , n, l, m ms:
Z1(n,l,m,ms) = 0 1.
, , n, l m:
Z2(n,l,m) = 2
, .. + ½ħ - ½ħ
, , n l:
Z3(n,l) = 2(2 l +1)
, 2l+1 .
, , n:
Z(n) = .
, n, . , l. n :
n | 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
K L M N O P Q |
, , ,
s (l = 0) | p (l = 1) | d (l = 2) | f (l = 3) | g (l = 4) | ||
K | - | - | - | - | ||
L | - | - | - | |||
M | - | - | ||||
N | - | |||||
O |
. , , . .
.
1869 .
|
|
, , , , , () - .
. , 64 . , . , (, , . .) . .
Z : Z , .
, . .
.
: