: -; . .
. .
t1, t0.
p1 p0.
, , 璺 ᒺ , , pd, t2. .
(1, v1, T1) (2, v2, T2) (.2.1).
ij
. ( p, , ᒺ v) () ( s, h).
.2.1.
p1, p2, p3 .
2 , .2.1 2, 1-2 2-3 .
, (3.2)
(3.3)
:
,
, (3.4)
P1, P2 P3 . k (2.4).
P P, (2.4)
, (3.5)
ln(1+)
, (3.6)
(2.5) (2.6) , ( )
, (3.7)
, ( ) :
, (3.8)
3.1 -
v1=v2=v=const p1 /p2=T1 /T2 | p1=p2=p=const v1 /v2=T1 /T2 | T1=T2=T=const p1 /p2=v2 /v1 | p1 /p2=(v2 /v1)k T1 /T2=(v2 /v1)k-1 T1 /T2=(p1/p2)(k-1)/k | p1 /p2=(v2 /v1)n T1 /T2=(v2 /v1)n-1 T1 /T2=(p1/p2)(n-1)/n | |
, | cv=Ri/(k-1) | cp=kcv | ¥ | 0 | cv(n-k)/(n-1) |
, n | ¥ | 0 | 1 | k | (c-cp)/(c-cv) |
, l | 0 | p(v2-v1) | RiT ln(p1/p2) | Ri(T1-T2)/(k-1) | Ri(T1-T2)/(n-1) |
, q | cv(T2-T1) | cp(T2-T1) | RiT ln(p1/p2) | 0 | c(T2-T1) |
㳿, Δu | cv(T2-T1) | cv(T2-T1) | 0 | cv(T2-T1) | cv(T2-T1) |
ﳿ, Δh | cp(T2-T1) | cp(T2-T1) | 0 | cp(T2-T1) | cp(T2-T1) |
ﳿ, Δs | cv ln(T2 /T1) | cp ln(T2 /T1) | Ri ln(p1/p2) | 0 | c ln(T2 /T1) |
|
|
3.1