1. Havent your notes yet? Perhaps they are in your coat.
2. Are you after class tonight or going home?
3. Whos going to that experiment?
4. It is time I marking the papers.
5. your answers carefully.
6. I havent my homework yet. It is still in my bag.
7. I cant all the latest technology.
8. Come and your old coursework from my office.
9. He didnt really his meaning to the students.
10. We are trying to the best way to meet students needs.
Task 6. Ask and answer the questions in pairs.
Student As questions
1. What springs into your mind when you hear the word university?
2. What are the good and bad things about universities?
3. Are all of the universities in your country very good?
4. What would you like to study at university?
5. Is it important to go to university?
6. What would happen if all universities closed down?
7. Are universities the best system of educating people?
8. Is university life more about studying or having fun?
Student Bs questions
1. Do you think everyone should go to university?
2. Should university education be free?
3. Do you think university today is different from one hundred years ago?
4. Do you think there are many places that call themselves a university but arent good enough to be universities?
5. How are the universities in your country different from each other?
6. Whats the difference between college, school and university?
7. What university would you really like to study at and why?
8. Will all universities change over to distance learning one day?
WRITING
Translate into English in written form.
, . , , . -. . . .
: , . . , , . , .
TOPICS FOR DISCUSSION
1. Camus said: The true university of these days is a collection of books. Do you agree?
2. Oscar Wilde said: The exquisite art of idleness, one of the most important things that any university can teach. Do you agree?
MODULE 3
UNIT 12
What is Research?
LEAD-IN
Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the most challenging aspect of conducting research?
2. What is the most rewarding part about research?
3. What advice would you give to a student who wanted to get involved in research?
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Exercise 2. Check the pronunciation and translate into Russian the following words.
Research, authoritative, inquiry, analyze, interpret, inductive, deductive phenomenon, hypothesize, acquire, consequence.
Exercise 3. Make nouns from the following verbs according to the model and translate them. Pay attention to the spelling changings.
Model: verb + -tion / verb + -sion
compare comparison / inform information
Decide, describe, predict, explain, protect, multiply, inspire, contribute, conduct, admit.
COMPREHENSIVE READING
Research is one of many different ways of knowing or understanding. It is different from other ways of knowing, such as insight, divine inspiration, and acceptance of authoritative dictates, in that it is a process of systematic inquiry that is designed to collect, analyze, interpret, and use data. Research involves inductive and deductive methods. Inductive methods analyze the observed phenomenon and identify the general principles, structures, or processes underlying the phenomenon observed. Deductive methods verify the hypothesized principles through observations. The purposes are different: one is to develop explanations, and the other is to test the validity of the explanations. One thing that we have to pay attention to research is that the heart of the research is not on statistics, but the thinking behind the research. How we really want to find out, how we build arguments about ideas and concepts, and what evidence that we can support to persuade people to accept our arguments. There are four types of knowledge that research contributed to science as follows:
1. Description: Results of research can describe natural or social phenomenon, such as its form, structure, activity, change over time, relationship to other phenomena. The descriptive function of research relies on instrumentation for measurement and observations. The descriptive research results in our understanding of what happened. It sometimes produces statistical information about aspects of education.
2. Prediction: Prediction research is intended to predict a phenomenon that will occur at time Y from information at an earlier time X.
3. Improvement: This type of research is mainly concerned with the effectiveness of intervention. The research approach includes experimental design and evaluation research.
4. Explanation: This type research subsumes the other three: if the researchers are able to explain a phenomenon, it means that they can describe, can predict its consequences, and know how to intervene to change those consequences.
What is the research process?
There are five stages of conducting a research study:
1. Identify a significant research problem: in this stage, find out the research questions that are significant and feasible to study.
2. Prepare a research proposal: a research proposal usually consists of the sections including introductory, literature review, research design, research method, data analysis and protection of human subject section, and timeline.
3. Conduct a pilot study: the purpose is to develop and try out data-collection methods and other procedures.
4. Conduct a main study.
5. Prepare a report.
These five stages may overlap or occur in a different order depending the nature of the study. Qualitative studies which involve emergent research design may gather and analyze some data before developing the proposal, or a pilot study can be done before writing a research proposal or not at all.
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COMPREHENSIVE CHECK
