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Reference Book in Public Speaking




Reference Book in Public Speaking

 

 

 

yiv 2013


The National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy

Reference Book in Public Speaking

Compilers: Mazin D., Shvydka H., Riabokon H., Pavlenko L., Fedoriv Ya., Kytayeva S.

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aKMA 2013

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction.. 6

Part One. Basics of Communication.. 8

Section 1. FIRST STEPS IN PUBLIC SPEAKING.. 8

Impromptu Speaking. 9

Your First One-Point Speech. 11

Practice Assignments. 13

Section 2. EFFECTIVE LISTENING.. 16

Good Listening Habits. 16

Poor Listening Habits. 17

Ten Keys to Effective Listening. 18

Practice Assignment 18

Section 3. DELIVERING SPEECHES. 19

Methods of Presentation. 19

Main Principles of Effective Delivery. 19

Fighting Nervousness. 21

Practice Assignments. 22

Section 4. EVALUATING SPEECHES. 24

Constructive Criticism.. 24

Evaluation forms. 24

Practice Assignments. 27

Section 5. SUPPORTING A SPEECH.. 28

Major Forms of Supporting Materials. 28

Deciding What Supporting Material You Should Use. 30

Practice Assignments. 30

Section 6. DEVELOPING AND USING VISUAL AIDS. 32

Types of Visual Aids. 32

Preparation of Visual Aids. 32

Effective Use of Visual Aids. 34

Practice Assignments. 36

Section 7. USING POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS. 39

REVISION QUESTIONS. 42

Part Two. Speaking to Inform... 43

Section I. Functions of Informative Speeches. 43

Creating a Desire for Information. 43

Helping the Audience to Understand. 44

Helping the Audience to Remember. 45

Inviting the Audience to Apply Information. 46

Section 2. SITUATIONS FOR INFORMATIVE SPEAKING.. 47

Informative Speeches in Education. 47

Informative Speaking in Business Environment 48

Informative Speeches in Training Programs. 49

Section 3. RHETORICAL PRINCIPLES OF INFORMATIVE SPEAKING.. 49

Show the audience the relationship between yourself and the topic. 49

Relate the topic to the audience early in the speech. 50

Don't overestimate what the audience knows. 51

Don't be too technical 53

Try to avoid abstractions. 54

Section 4. TYPES OF INFORMATIVE SPEECHES. 55

Speeches about Objects. 56

Speeches about Processes. 57

Speeches about Concepts. 57

Speeches about Events. 59

Section 5. DESIGNING THE SPEECH.. 60

Chronological Design. 60

Topical Design. 61

Causal Design. 61

Spatial Design. 62

Practice Assignments. 62

Section 6. MAKING EFFECTIVE INTRODUCTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS. 62

Opening the Speech. 62

Attention Materials. 63

Establishing Credibility. 68

Concluding the Speech. 72

Using Transitions. 75

Practice Assignments. 76

Section 7. Outlining Informative Speeches. 78

A Model for Preparing an Informative Speech Outline. 79

Practice Assignments. 88

REVISION QUESTIONS. 102

Part Three. SPEAKING TO PERSUADE.. 103

Section 1. WHAT IS PERSUASIVE SPEAKING.. 103

Purposes of Persuasive Speeches. 103

Persuasive vs. Informative Speaking. 103

Section 2. PERSUASION AND MANIPULATION.. 104

Unacceptable emotional appeals. 104

Acceptable emotional appeals. 105

Section 3. CHOOSING THE TOPIC.. 106

Finding a Good Persuasive Topic. 106

Tired Topics. 108

Great Persuasive Speech Topics. 109

Section 4. ADAPTING THE SPEECH TO THE AUDIENCE.. 110

Values and Needs of the Audience. 111

Types of the Audience. 112

Section 5. FINDING SUPPORTING MATERIALS. 114

Section 6. PATTERNS OF PERSUASIVE SPEECHES. 115

Statement-of-Reasons Pattern. 115

Problem-Solution Patterns. 118

Problem-Cause-Solution Order. 119

Refutation Pattern. 122

Monroes Motivated Sequence. 124

Proposition of policy speech (to change the status quo/to maintain the status quo) 127

Proposition of value speech. 128

Proposition of fact speech. 128

Section 7. TECHNIQUES IN PERSUASIVE SPEAKING.. 135

Focusing. 135

Rhetorical questions. 135

Dramatic contrasts. 136

Knock-downs. 136

Practice Assignments. 137

Revision Questions. 144

Grammar Guide.. 145

Section 1. PRELIMINARY NOTES. 145

Section 2. GETTING STARTED.. 147

Grammar Focus: Parts of Speech. 147

Practice Assignments. 148

Section 3. ADDRESSING THE AUDIENCE.. 150

Grammar Focus: Noun Review.. 151

The Article. 154

Practice Assignments. 155

Section 4. INTRODUCTIONS. 156

Grammar Focus: The Sentence. 157

Practice Assignments. 159

Section 5. IMPROMPTU SPEECH.. 159

Grammar Focus: Pronoun. 160

Practice Assignments. 161

Section 6. OUTLINING YOUR SPEECH.. 162

Grammar Focus: The Verb. 163

Practice Assignment 167

Section 7. EFFECTIVE OPENINGS. 167

Grammar Focus: Agreement of the Subject with the Predicate. 168

Practice Assignments. 170

Section 8. COMMENTING ON VISUALS. 171

Grammar Focus: Complex Object with the Infinitive. 172

Practice Assignments. 173

Glossary Of Terms. 175

Speech Topics. 178

References. 184

 

 

Introduction

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Part One.
Basics of Communication





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