Modal verbs and their equivalents
Ex. 1 Complete the chart with your own examples
| Notion verbs | Modal verbs | Auxiliary verbs | Linking verbs |
 |
Modal Verbs of necessity ------ Modals verbs ------ Modal Verbs of possibility
The modal verbs of necessity
| Present | Past | Future | ||
| Must | Must | -- | -- | -- |
| To have to | Have/has to | Had to | Shall/will + have to | -- |
| Ought to , | Ought to | -- | -- | , , |
| Should , - | Should | -- | -- | |
| Need , | Need | -- | -- | , , |
| To be to | Am/is/are to | Was/were to | -- | , , |
The modal verbs of possibility
| Present | Past | Future | |
| Can/ To be able to , | Can Am/is/are + able to | Could Was/were + able to | Shall/will + able to |
| May/ be allowed to , | May Am/is/are + allowed | Might Was/were + allowed | Shall/will + be allowed |
Modal verbs with Simple Infinitive and Perfect Infinitive
Simple Infinitive
Some corrections must be made in the program.
Perfect Infinitive
Some mistakes must have been made in the program.
COMPARE
| This result may be extended to all the cases. | This result may have been extended to all the cases. |
| The difficulty must be overcome. | The difficulty must have been overcome. |
1.Read a web page, find the modal verbs. Match them with their meanings a. not necessary, b. necessary, c. not allowed/ not possible, d. allowed/ possible
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1. 
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4. Exchange rings 4.000 m above sea level then ski down together after the ceremony! But you dont have to instead, you can ride down in a snowmobile or ski lift.
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Read the sentences, match them with the functions
1. You have to collect the flowers before five oclock the shop closes at five. 2. You must wear a suit ant a tie. 3. Can you park the cars in the town car park, please?
a. request b. obligation c. strong obligation from the speaker
3.Listen to a conversation on the beach. Complete the gaps.
¾ Hey, look at that yacht.
¾ They must be seriously
¾ Yes. Do you recognize them? They could be
¾ Or they may have won the lottery! And look! Theres a girl swimming near them.
¾ She might know them.
¾ I dont think so. Shes a long way from the
¾ She may not realize that. She might be snorkeling.
¾ One things for sure, she cant be about swimming back. Or she might not know about the !
¾ 
Can you see that guy over there? Hes horribly sunburnt!
¾ Wow! She must have been in the sun all day.
¾ Mm. he might have fallen
¾ Well, he cant have put any sun cream on, thats for sure.
