.


:




:

































 

 

 

 





- , .

( ), (N), (), - (W), - (S). N, S, E, W (. 181) , NS EW : NE, SE, SW NW. () 0 360. N . : N - 0((), S -180, - 90 s. W - 270.

32 (): 4 (N, S, E, W); 4 (NE, SE, SW, NW), ; 8 (NNE, ENE, ESE, SSE, SSW. WSW, WNW, NNW), ; 16 , . 1 =11 /4.

- .

, (. 182).

 

j () , . 0 90" : (N) (S) , .

(. 182) AM. j= 45,0 N.

, , , (. 183),

45",0 N, , j=45",0 N. , <, () , , - j= 45,0 N.

, (.4).

l () , . ΰ ( ) 180 : () (W) .

(. 184) È O' A

(Ð OO'A). l =50, 0 .

. 185 50,0 . .

 

 

. (), - ()

= j 2- j 1

= l 2- l 1

: j 1 - ;

j 2- ;

l 1 - ;

l 2 - .

, - "+", - "-". "+" N, , "-" S, W.

(. 187) (pi = 45",0 N l 1 = 50",0 , 1: (j 2 = 15",0 N ,2 " 20",0 . : = j 2-- j 1 = 15",0 - 45,0 - 30",0 = 30,0 S; = l 2- l 1= 20,0 -50", 0 = - 30",0 " 30" W.

180, :

 

> >180 "-", 360

 

> > 180 "+", 360.

 


 

. , , . (1') 1 .

, - .

1852,3 , 1'

j = 45.





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