- , .
( ), (N), (), - (W), - (S). N, S, E, W (. 181) , NS EW : NE, SE, SW NW. () 0 360. N . : N - 0((), S -180, - 90 s. W - 270.
32 (): 4 (N, S, E, W); 4 (NE, SE, SW, NW), ; 8 (NNE, ENE, ESE, SSE, SSW. WSW, WNW, NNW), ; 16 , . 1 =11 /4.
- .
, (. 182).
j () , . 0 90" : (N) (S) , .
(. 182) AM. j= 45,0 N.
, , , (. 183),
45",0 N, , j=45",0 N. , <, () , , - j= 45,0 N.
, (.4).
l () , . ΰ ( ) 180 : () (W) .
(. 184) È O' A
(Ð OO'A). l =50, 0 .
. 185 50,0 . .
|
|
. (), - ()
= j 2- j 1
= l 2- l 1
: j 1 - ;
j 2- ;
l 1 - ;
l 2 - .
, - "+", - "-". "+" N, , "-" S, W.
(. 187) (pi = 45",0 N l 1 = 50",0 , 1: (j 2 = 15",0 N ,2 " 20",0 . : = j 2-- j 1 = 15",0 - 45,0 - 30",0 = 30,0 S; = l 2- l 1= 20,0 -50", 0 = - 30",0 " 30" W.
180, :
> >180 "-", 360
> > 180 "+", 360.
. , , . (1') 1 .
, - .
1852,3 , 1'
j = 45.