.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


The Gender of Nouns. The Number of Nouns




 

Masculine a father, a man, an ox he Feminine a wife, a girl, a cow she Neuter a flower, rain, opinion it

, . , . ( ) . , , a boy a girl, a cock a hen, a stallion a mare, a woman-teacher, a he-wolf, a tom-cat, a lioness, a waitress. : England and her people. : Great Britain and its natural resources. (a boat, a ship) . o the Sun = she, the Moon = she; the Wind, the River = he; Love = he. , , (the Dog, the Fish, the Horse, the Cat, the Mouse). , he. : a tiger a tigress, an actor an actress. : a boy-friend a girl-friend, the tom-cat the tabby-cat.

Practice:

1. 3 :

A chicken, an opportunity, a cow, a match, mathematics, matrimony, tea, a cat, a potato, a cousin, an ox, a grandmother, a sister-in-law, a friend, a berry, blood, a woman, the summer, an autobiography, a lion, war, silver, a spoon, a blouse, a roof, the hail, the scales, the scissors, hair, a hair-do, a hand, a ship, a position, the sea, the wind, a relative, the Moon, Australia.

 

The Number of Nouns

:

1) s es:

-s, sh, ch, x, z + -es: a box boxes, a match matches,

+ O + -es: a potato potatoes,

+ Y (→I) + -es: a story stories,

-f, -fe + -s: a roof roofs,

+ -es (F→V): a shelf shelves,

+ y + -s: a boy boys;

2) :

a tooth teeth, a foot feet, a goose geese, an ox oxen, a child children, a man men, a womanwomen;

3) , , :

A datum data, a phenomenon phenomena, a crisis crises, a formula formulae, an analysis analyses, a basis bases.

 

Practice:

 

1. , :

Fingers, heart, tooth, ears, nose, tongue, blood, toe, knees, leg, mouth

A hand has five.

A foot has five...

An adult has 32.

You smile with your..

You smell with your..

The is a symbol of love.

You hear with your..

The girl sat on her dads. (dad = father)

You talk with your

Your type can be O(I), A(II), B(III) or AB(IV).

The Pronoun

 

Personal I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
Possessive My, your, his, her, its, our, your, their Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
Demonstrative It, this/these, that/those, same, such
Interrogative who (whom), whose, which, that ( )
Relative who (whom), whose, which that ( )

 

Conjunctive who (whom), whose, which, that ( )
Self-pronouns myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Reciprocal each other, one another
Negative no, nobody, (no one), none, nothing ( )
Indefinite Some, any, no ( ), all, both, each, every ( ), other, one, much, many, (a) little, (a) few, either, neither

 

Subject Pronouns Object Pronouns
I you he she it we they me you him her it us them
He (she) drinks milk sometimes. Who is it? Give it to him (her). He likes it. Its me (him, her, them).

:

what , ? which ? who ? whom ? where , ? when ? why ? whose ? how ? how many, how much ? how long ?

: I shall do it tomorrow → Whenwill you do it?

what which:

What color shall we choose? ()? ().

Which color did you like: blue or white? : ? ( )

 

Practice:

 

1. :

My friends and I are all having trouble with our cars. My best friend Charlie is having trouble with his. The brakes dont work. He tried to fix them by himself, but he doesnt know anything about cars. Finally, he took the car to his mechanic. The mechanic charged him a lot of money, and the brakes still dont work! Charlie is really annoyed. Hes having a lot of trouble with his car. And he cant find anybody who can help him.

:

1. What trouble is Charlie having?

2. Why cant Charlie fix his car?

3. Who did he take his car to? (To whom did he take his car?)

2. :

My names Helen. m 23 years old. Ive got a sister. names Sandra. Shes an economist. Shes married and s got two children. names are Jan and Rob. re twins. husbands a doctor. works in the central hospital.

 

The Article

 

The indefinite article ( ) a/an (an a pple) . . , , (my mother is a doctor). (to take a seat , to catch a cold ), (It was a dark night), what, such (What a surprise! !).

A teacher should be competent. Teachers should be competent.

There is a letter for you. There are letters for you.

He is a programmer. They are programmers.

She got a fax She got the faxes.

The definite article ( ) the , :

: The days were fine. The film was great.

c : They bought a dog. The dog was black.

, only, main, central, same, right/wrong, left/right, next, final; (the first, the second) (the best): Who can give me the right answer? Read the second text. Its the most important thing.

(the sun, the Milky Way): The sky is blue. : Venus, Mars, Saturn.

, , , : The elephant is a strong animal. Agatha Christie is the Queen of the detective story. man woman .

: The English () are very polite people.

(in the long run , on the whole , to read between the lines ): The weather is changing for the better.

the

, ; , : the Russian Federation. : London, Rome, the Tyrol, The Hague, etc.

, , , , : the Pacific Ocean, the Black sea, the Panama Canal, the Volga. , : Lake Baikal, Taimyr.

: the Urals, the Canaries. : Elbrus, Cyprus.

: the Goby, The Sahara Desert.

, , , , : the Hermitage, the Louvre, the Savoy.

, , , , , , , : the Titanic, the State Duma, the Pentagon, the Times, the Olympic Games, the Beatles.

Zero article ( ) :

, : friendship, water, life, love.

, , : June, Friday ( A hot May is the usual thing here. The May of 1945 will always rest in my memory).

school, college, bed, prison, jail, : to be at school to be a school boy/schoolgirl, to be in prison to be a prisoner.

spring, summer, autumn, winter, early: I like winter. We like early spring (: It was a cold winter).

breakfast, lunch, dinner, supper, : When did you have dinner? (: The dinner we had today was delicious).

, language: We speak English. (: The English language).

: by bus, by car, by train, by plain.

Practice:

 

1 . a / the / no article:

The wife of the President of the USA is known as First Lady.

largest ocean in the world is the Pacific Ocean.

The weather tomorrow will be same as today.

Hong Kong used to be part of the British Empire.

2. . 7 . :

Spanish is one of the most widely spoken languages in world. It is spoken all over South America except Brazil. Like Italian and Portuguese, Spanish language is related to Latin. Recent report stated that number of Spanish speakers in United States of America will be higher than the number of English speakers by year 2090. As result, nearly all North American schools teach Spanish. The language with most speakers in the world is Mandarin Chinese.

 





:


: 2016-11-24; !; : 564 |


:

:

- , .
==> ...

1722 - | 1540 -


© 2015-2024 lektsii.org - -

: 0.02 .