, , . , , , . : sternum , thorax .
( ) . , , , :
1. +
:
2. +
:
, , , . , . , , . : columna vertebralis .
, . : crista capitis costae .
, . : cavum abdominis .
. : rima palpebrarum , dorsum pedis .
OSTEOLOGIA
os longum
os breve
os planum
os pneumaticum
cartilago epiphysialis
facies articularis
cavum medullaris
medulla ossium flava
medulla ossium rubra
foramen nutricium
canalis nutricium
COLUMNA VERTEBRALIS
vertebrae cervicales
vertebrae thoracicae
vertebrae lumbales
vertebrae coccygeae
corpus vertebrae
fovea costalis cranialis et caudalis
fovea costalis transversarius
atlas
arcus atlantis dorsalis et ventralis
tuberculum dorsale et ventrale
ala atlantis
fovea articularis cranialis
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incisura alaris
fossa alae atlantis
canalis transversarius ( )
axis, epistropheus ,
dens epistrophei
crista epistrophei
arcus haemalis ( .)
caput vertebrae
fossa vertebrae
crisra ventralis
vertebra
foramen vertebrale laterale ( )
canalis vertebrale
foramen vertebrale
arcus vertebrale
incisura vertebralis cranialis et
caudalis
foramen intervertebrale
processus spinosus
processus transversus
foramen transversarium
processus articularis cranialis et
caudalis
processus costotransversarius
processus mamillaris
os sacrum
basis ossis sacri
vertebrae sacrales
pars lateralis
facies auricularis
foramen intervertebralis
foramina sacralia ventralia
foramina sacralia dorsalia
crista sacralia lateralis
canalis sacralis
ala sacralis
promontorium
thorax
osta
costa vera
costa spuriae
cartilago costalis
caput costae
sulcus vascularis
sulcus muscularis
collum costae
corpus costae
tuberculum costae
facies articularis tuberculi costae
angulus costae
sternum
manubrium sterni
corpus sterni
processus xiphoideus
incisurae costales sterni
cartilago xiphoidea
crista sterni
cavum thoracis
apertura thoracis cranialis et
caudalis
arcus costalis
spatium intercostale
CRANIUM CEREBRALE
os occipitale
impressio medullaris
impressio pontis
processus jugularis
squama occipitalis
crista occipitalis
fossa nuchalis
foramen occipitale magnum
pars lateralis
condylus occipitalis
tuberculum musculare
canalis n. hypoglossi
pars basillaris
incisura jugularis
margo parietalis
protuberantia occipitalis externa
impressio vermialis
protuberantia occipitalis externa ( ,
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, )
os sphenoidale
basisphenoid
presphenoid
processus pterygoideus
crista pterygoidea
foramen opticum
sulcus chiasmatis
foramen alare magnum et parvum
incisura ovale
incisura carotica
sella turcica
tuberculum
fossa hypophysis
dorsum sellae
sinus sphenoidale
ala orbitalis
canalis opticus
fissura orbitalis
ala temporalis
facies cerebralis
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
foramen orbitorotundum -
processus pterygoideus
os temporale
squama temporalis
fossa temporalis
arcus zygomaticus
meatus temporalis
crista temporalis
os petrosum
pars mastoidea
processus mastoideus
pars tympanica
bulla ossea tympanica
tuba auditiva ossea
crista petrosa
apertura externa aqueductus
vestibule
apertura externa canaliculis cochlea
foramen lacerum
processus hyoideus
incisura nervi trigemini
pars petrosa
foramen stylomastoideum
canalis facialis
apex pars petrosae
canalis caroticus
meatus acusticus internus et
externus
incisura jugularis
canaliculus cochleae
processus styloideus
processus zygomaticus
fossa mandibularis
tuber parietale
os frontale
margo orbitalis
crista orbitotemporalis
foramen supraorbitalis
sulcus supraorbitalis
calvaria
processus cornualis
tuber frontale
pars orbitalis
pars nasalis
fossa glandulae lacrimalis
crista frontalis
sinus frontalis
os ethmoidale
fossa olfactoria
lamina perpendicularis
lamina papyracea
ectoturbinalia
endoturbinalia
lamina cribrosa
crista galli
labirynthus ethmoidalis
lamina orbitalis
foramina ethmoidalia
concha nasalis dorsalis et
ventralis
os parietalis
impressiones digitalis
tentorium cerebelli osseum
cranium viscerale
os nasale
incisura nasomaxillaris
conchae
os lacrimale
fossa sacci lacrimalis
foramen lacrimale
canalis lacrimalis
bulla lacrimalis
os maxillare
margo alveolaris
alveolis dentis
canalis palatinus
foramen palatinum majus
foramen palatinum caudale
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palatinum osseum
sulcus nasolacrimalis
tuber faciale
crista facialis
margo interalveolaris
corpus maxillare
facies orbitalis
canalis infraorbitalis
sulcus infraorbitalis
foramen infraorbitale
incisura nasalis
foramen alveolaris
tuber maxillare
facies nasalis
sulcus palatinus major
sinus maxillaris
processus zygomaticus
processus palatinus
os incisivum
processus nasalis
fissura palatina
os palatinum
conchae
sinus palatinus
canalis palatinus
processus orbitalis
lamina horisontalis
foramen palatinum minor
os zygomaticus
crista zygomatica
processus temporalis
processus frontalis
corpus mandibulae
foramen mentale
arcus alveolaris
septa interalveolaria
juga alveolaria
processus condylaris
fovea pterygoidea
processus coronoideus
foramen mandibulae
pars incisiva
facies lingualis
facies labialis
margo alveolaris
pars molaris
ramus mandibulae
fossa masseterica
angulus mandibulae
spatium intermandibulare
processus angularis
margo interalveolaris s. diastema
incisura vasorum
canalis mandibulae
os hyoideum
basihyoid
epihyoid
stylohyoid
tympanohyoid
processus lingualis
processus muscularis
os rostrale ( )
vomer
alae vomeris
OSSA MEMBRI
CRANIALIS
scapula
angulus glenoidalis
tuber scapulae
basis scapulae
cartilago scapulae
linea serrata
facies serrata scapulae
tuber spinae scapulae
incisura glenoidalis
spina scapulae
fossa subscapularis
fossa supraspinata
fossa infraspinata
angulus caudalis
angulus cranialis
cavitas glenoidalis
collum scapulae
processus caracoideus
caput humeri
collum humeri
tuberculum majus
tuberculum minus
humeris, os brachii
sulcus intertubercularis
epicondylus
crista epicondyli lateralis
tuberositas deltoidea
tuberositas teres
linea anconea
tuberculum intermedium
fossa synovialis
corpus humeri
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condylus humeri
trochlea humeri
ossa antebrachii
radius
fossa capituli radii
fossa olecranii
caput radii
collum radii
corpus radii
ulnae
tuber olecrani
processus anconeus
incisura semilunaris
spatium interosseum
incisura ulnaris
corpus ulnae
caput ulnae
tuberositas ulnae
incisura trochlearis
os carpi radiale
os carpi intermedium
os carpi ulnare
os carpi accessorium
os carpi primum
os carpi secundum
os carpi tertium
os carpi quartum
os carpi quintum
ossa digitorum
facies solearis
phalanx proximale
phlanax media
phlanax distale
ossa sesamoidea
ossa metacarpalia
OSSA MEMBRI CAUDALIS
os coxae
acetabulum
symphisis pelvis
cavum pelvis
tuber coxae
tuber sacrale
facies glutea
linea glutea
facies pelvina
facies auricularis
ramus symphysialis
eminentia iliopubica
foramen obturatum
acetabulum
os ilium
corpus ossis ilii
crista iliaca
os ishii
arcus ishiadicus
corpus ossis ishii
tuber ishiadicum
spina ishiadica
os pubis
crista pubicum
tuberculum pubicum
incisura ishiadica major et minor
os femoris
collum femoris
caput femoris
fovea capitis femoris
trochlea patellaris
fossa trochanterica
fossa extensoria
crista intertrochanterica
fossa musculi poplitei
fossa plantaris
trochanter (major, medius, minor) (,,)
patella
ossa cruris
tibia
sulcus intercondylaris
tuberculum intercondylaris
incisura poplitea
crista tibia
cochlea tibiae
os fibula
malleolus
corpus tibiae
tuberositas tibiae
condylus lateralis et medialis
caput fibulae
corpus fibulae
basis patellae
apex patellae
facies articularis
ossa tarsi
caput tali
trochlea tali
calcaneus
tuber calcanei
sustentaculum tali
sinus tarsi
os tarsi centrale
os tarsi primum
os tarsi secundum
os tarsi tertium
os tarsi quartum
1
:
I. 1. columna vertebralis
2. vertebra
3. corpus vertebrae
II. 4. crista ventralis
5. caput vertebrae
6. fossa vertebrae
III. 7. arcus vertebrae
8. foramen vertebrae
9. canalis vertebralis
IV. 10. foramen vertebrale laterale
11. foramen intervertebrale
12. incisura intervertebralis cranialis
VI. 13. incisura intervertebralis caudalis
14. processus articularis cranialis
15. processus articularis caudalis
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VII. 16. processus spinosus
17. processus mammillaris
18. vertebrae cervicales
VII. 19. arcus dorsalis
20. arcus ventralis
21. tuberculum dorsale
VIII. 22. ala atlantis
23. fossa atlantis
24. foramen alare
IX 25. foramen transversarium
26. canalis transversarius
27. fovea articularis
X. 28. facies articularis
29. tuberculum ventrale
30. atlas
2
:
I. 1. vertebrae thoracales
2. fovea costalis cranialis
3. fovea costalis caudalis
II. 4. fovea costalis transversalis
5. processus accessorium
6. foramen vertebrale laterale
III. 7. os costale
8. cartilago costae
9. capitulum costae
IV. 10. tuberculum costae
11. collum costae
12. arcus costarum
V. 13. sternum
14. corpus sterni
15. manubrium sterni
VI. 16. processus xiphoideus
17. cartilago xiphoidea
18. vertebrae lumbales
VII. 19. vertebrae sacrales
20. facies auricularis
21. crista sacralis media
VIII. 22. crista sacralis lateralis
23. sulcus vascularis
24. os sacrum
IX. 25. foramen sacrale ventrale
26. foramen sacrale dorsale
27. ala sacralis
X. 28. pars lateralis
29. promontorium
30. vertebrae caudales
3
:
I. 1. cranium
2. cranium cerebrale
3. impressio digitalis
II. 4. os occipitale
5. foramen ocipitale magnum
6. fossa medullae oblongatae
III. 7. condulus occipitalis
8. processus jugularis
9. squama occipitalis
IV. 10. crista occipitalis
11. protuberantia occipitalis externa
12. canalis condyloideus
V. 13. crista sagittalis externa
14. fossa nuchalis
15. os sphenoidale
VI. 16. processus pterygoideus
17. fossa sphenopalatina
18. foramen opticum
VII. 19. fissura orbitalis
20. foramen rotundum
21. fossa hypophysis
VIII. 22. fossa pterygoidea
23. fossa cranii posterior
24. foramen ovale
IX. 25. foramen alarae magnum
26. foramen alare parvum
27. incisura ovalis
X. 28. incisura carotica
29. dorsum sellae
30. fissura orbitale
4
:
I. 1.os parietale
2. impressiones digitale
3. planum parietale
II. 4. planum temporale
5. os interparietale
6. os temporale
III. 7. squama temporale
8. fossa temporalis
9. processus zygomaticus
IV. 10. arcus zygomaticus
11. tuberculum articulare
12. meatus temporalis
V. 13. crista temporalis
14. fossa temporalis
15. pars mastoidea
VI. 16. processus mastoidea
17. meatus acusticus externus
18. bulla ossea tympanica
VII. 19. tuba auditiva ossea
20. cavum tympani
21. meatus acusticus internus
VIII. 22. processus hyoideus
23. meatus temporalis
24. incisura nervi trigemini
IX. 25. os frontale
26. crista frontalis externa
27. sinus frontalis
X. 28. foramen ethmoidale
29. os petrosum
30. tuba auditiva
5
:
I. 1. cranium viscerale
2. os nasale
3. incisura nasomaxillaris
II. 4. crista conchalis dorsalis
5. os maxillare
6. tuber maxillae
III. 7. canalis palatinus
8. foramen palatinum caudale
9. processus palatinus
IV. 10. palatinum osseum
11. crista conchalis ventralis
12. sulcus nasolacremalis
V. 13. fossa canini
14. tuber malare
15. processus pterygoideus
VI. 16. crista facialis
17. os incisivum
18. os palatinum
VII. 19. fossa sphenopalatina
20. canalis incisivum
21. os lacrimale
VIII. 22. fossa sacci lacrimalis
23. bulla lacrimalis
24. os zygomaticum
IX. 25. os pterygoideum
26. os ethmoidale
27. mandibula
X. 28. os hyoideum
29. corpus mandibulae
30. ramus mandibulae
6
:
I. 1. os brachii
2. caput humeri
3. tuberositas musculi infraspinati
II. 4. trochlea humeri
5. fossa olecranii
6. epicondylus medialis
III. 7. epicondylus lateralis
8. tuberositas teres
9. tuberositas deltoidea
IV. 10. fossa synovialis
11. ossa antebrachii
12. radius
V. 13. ulna
14. tuberositas bicipitalis radii
15. olecranon
VI. 16. ossa carpi
17. os carpi radiale
18. os carpi intermedium
VII. 19. os carpi ulnare
20. ossa metacarpi
21. trochlea metacarpi
VIII. 22. facies auricularis
23. ossa digitorum
24. phalanx prima
IX. 25. phalanx secunda
26. phalanx tertia
27. os sesamoideum
X. 28. facies solearis
29. facies articularis metacarpea
30. tuberositas metacarpi
7
:
I. 1. os coxae
2. acetabulum
3. foramen obturatum
II. 4. symphysis pelvis
5. pelvis
6. cavum pelvis
III. 7. os ilium
8. ala ossis ilii
9. corpus ossis ilii
IV. 10. crista iliaca
11. tuber coxae
12. tuber sacrale
V. 13. facies glutaea.
14. tuberculum psoadicum
15. os pubis
VI. 16. tuberculum pubicum
17. os ishii
18. tuber ishiadicum
VII. 19. os femoris
20. caput femoris
21. trochanter major
VIII. 22. collum femoris
23. patella
24. ossa cruris
IX. 25. tibia
26. fibula
27. ossa tarsi
X. 28. calcaneus
29. talus
30. ossa metatarsi
8
,
| - mandibula - os humeri - os maxillare - os sternum - radius - ulna - os coxae - costa - scapula - atlas - epistropheus 18, 29 ossa digiti | - os sacrum - cartilago costae - vertebrae caudalis - os tibia - os fibula - patella - os femoris - tuberculum plantare - calcaneus - ossa metetarsi - ossa metacarpi - ossa carpi |
9
,
| - corpus sphenoidale - condylus occipitalis - os incisivum - vomer - processus palatinus - foramen palatinum magnum - tuber maxillae - os palatinum - os zygomaticum - os pterygoideum - os maxillare - foramen hypoglossi - proc. postglenoidalis | - for.occipitale magnum - for.lacerum - for.alare magnum - proc.muscularis - pars tympanica - for.supraorbitale - fossa mandibularis - proc. palatinus - fissura palatina - pars tympanica - meatus acusticus externum - proc. jugularis |
10
,
| - crista sagittalis externa - os parietale - pars squamalis ossa temporalis - crista frontalis externa - os frontale - foramen supraorbitale - os lacrimale - os zygomaticum - sinus maxillaris - fissura palatina | - os nasale - maxillae - os incisivum - processus zygomaticus ossis temporalis - orbita - processus zygomaticus ossis frontale - foramen infraorbitale - canalis incisivus - sinus frontalis |
SYNDESMOLOGIA
junctura osseum
sutura serrata
sutura squamosa
sutura plana
articulatio simplex
articulatio composite
articulatio plana
articulatio spheroidea
articulatio ellipsoidea
articulatio condylaris
articulatio trochoidea
articulatio sellaris
cartilago articularis
cavum articulare
discus articularis
meniscus articularis
capsula articularis
sutura cranii
articulatio temporomandibularis -
junctura cartilaginea
articulatio atlantooccipitalis
articulatio atlantoaxialis
articulatio capitis costae
articulatio humeri
articulatio radiocarpea
articulatio carpometacarpea
articulatio sacroiliaca
symphysis pubica
articulatio coxae
articulatio genus
syndesmosis
synelastosis
synchondrosis
synostosis
synsarcosis
ligamentum
membrana
diarthrosis
bursae synovialis
synovia ( )
fibrocartilago intervertebralis
anulus fibrosus
nucleus pulposus
lig.longitudinale dorsale et ventrale
lig.interspinale
lig.supraspinale
lig.nuchea
lig.intertransversarium
lig.capituli costae radiatum
lig.sterni proprium externum et
internum
articulatio cubiti
lig.olecranii
lig.transversum acetabuli
lig.teres capitis femoris
lig.interosseum
lig.sesamoideum
lig.cruciatum
lig.intercarpea interosseae
lid.collaterale tersi breve et
longum
lig.tarsi plantare
art.femorotibialis
art.femoropatellaris
lig.patellae rectum
lig.sacroiliacum
lig.sacro-spinotuberale
flexio
extension
adduction
abduction
rotation
supinatio
pronatio
circumductio
11
:
I. 1. ligamentum
2. sutura
3. ligamentum suturae
II. 4. sutura plana
5. sutura serrata
6. sutura squamosa
III. 7. articulatio
8. capsula articularis
9. stratum fibrosum
IV. 10. stratum
11. cartilago articularis
12. articulatio trochlearis
V. 13. articulatio cochlearis
14. articulatio trochoidea
VI. 15. articulatio simplex
16. articulatio composita
17. flexio
18. extensio
19. rotatio
VII. - 20 supinatio
21. pronatio
22. adductio
VIII. 23. abductio
24. circumductio
25. articulatio temporo-mandibularis
IX. 26. cartilago xiphoideus
27. discus articularis
28. articulatio atlanto-occipitalis
X. 29. articulatio atlanto-axialis
30. nucleus pulposus
12
:
I. 1. articulatio humeri
2. articulatio coxae
3. articulatio cubiri
II. 4. articulatio carpea
5. articulatio tarsi
6. articulatio genus
III. 7. artuculatio femorotibialis
8. articulatio femoropatellaris
9. articulatio sacroiliaca
IV. 10. articulatio radiocarpea
11. articulatio carpo-metacarpea
12 lig.interdigitale proximale
V. 13. lig.intersesamoideum
14. lig.interosseum
15. lig.olecranii
VI. 16. lig.transversum acetabuli
17. capsula articularis
18. lig.accessorium
VII. 19. fascia endothoracica
20. arcus costarum
21. lig.sternicostale
VIII. 22. lig.supraspinale
23. lig.intertransversarium
24. sutura
IX. 25. lig.longitudinale dorsale
26. lig.dentis ventrale
27. lig.articulatio ellipsoidea
X. 28. lig.laterale
29. lig.caudale
30. lig.dentis dorsale
MYOLOGIA
Musculi capiTis
musculus incisivus superior et
inferor
musculus levator nasolabialis
m.malaris
m.caninus
m.depressor labii superioris
m. depressor labii inferioris
m. transversus nasi
m. lateralis nasi
m. dilatator nasi
m. digastricus mandibulae
m. jugulomandibularis
m. orbicularis oculi
m. auricularis anterior
m. auricularis superior
m. auricularis posterior
m. orbicularis oris
m.zygomaticus
m. depressor labii inferioris
m. buccinator
m. mentalis
m. masseter
m. temporalis
m. pterygoideus lateralis
m. pterygoideus medialis
MUSCULI COLL
m. splenius
m. sternomastoideus
m. cleidomastoideus
m. longus colli
m. scalenus dorsalis
m. scalenus medius
m. longissimus cervicis
m. brachiocephalicus
m. longissimus atlantis et capitis
m.semispinalis cervicis
m. rectum capitis dorsalis major
m. rectum capitis lateralis
m. sternocephalicus
m interspinalis cervicis
m.i ntertransversarii cervicis
m. cleidooccipitalis
m. cleidomastoideus
m. atlantoacromialis
m. sternomastoidius
m. sternomandibularis
m. sternohyoideus
MUSCULI DORSI
ET THORACIS
m. trapezius
m. latissimus dorsi
m. rhomboideus
m. serratus ventralis
m. iliocostalis -
m. scalenus
m. longissimus
m. longissimus thoracis
m. semispinalis thoracis
m. multifidus
mm. rotators -
mm. interspinalis thoracis
mm. interspinalis lumborum
mm. intertransversarii lateralis
m. cleidobrchialis
m. serratus cranialis et caudalis
m. rectus thoracis
m. lumbocostalis
m. pectoralis superficialis
m. pectoralis profundus
m. levatores costarum
m. intercostales externi
mm. intercostales interni
m. transversus thoracis
m. lumbocostarum
m. psoas major
m. psoas minor
m. quadratus lumborum
DIAPHRAGMA
pars lumbalis
crus dextrum
crus sinistrum
pars costalis
pars sternalis
hiatus aorticus
hiatus oesophageus
centrum tendineum
foramen venae cavae caudalis
