1. . .
2. (The, A, An).
3. .
4. this, that, these, those.
5. some, any, no .
6. : there is, there are.
7. , .
8. () (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous).
9. .
10. () .
11. .
12. . .
13. .
14. .
15. Participle I, Participle II.
16. (The Infinitive, The Gerund).
1
I.
1, :
1. . .
2.: .
3. .
4. this, that, these, those.
1. :
A family, a tax, a woman, a team, a tooth, a telephone, a friend, a manager, a laboratory, a foot, a businessman, a wife, a city, a fax, a shelf, a German, a child, a deer, a tomato, a day, a datum, a photo.
2. , .
1. Russia occupies eastern half of Europe and northern third of Asia.
2. climate of northern part of Russia is severe.
3. It is warm in Crimea and Caucasus.
4. best way to know and understand people of other countries is to meet them in their own homes.
5. Washington is capital of United States of America.
6. There are seven continents on Earth.
7. I get up at quarter past seven in morning and go to bed at eleven in evening.
8. What do you do when you come home from school?
9. weather was very bad in morning yesterday. sky was grey and it was raining.
10. Today is ninth of September. Ann has her birthday. She is planning to have nice party with her friends.
3. , .
: The room of my friend - my friends room.
1. The skateboard of that boy. 2. The songs of the children. 3. The umbrella of my grandmother. 3. The questions of my son. 4. The poems of Pushkin. 5. The car of my parents. 6. The flat of my sister is large. 7. The work of these students is very interesting. 8. The room of the boys is large. 9. The name of this girl is Jane. 10. He is a boyfriend of my daughter.
4. this, that, these those .
1. Who was ___ boy you were dancing with at the party yesterday?
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2. ____ shoes are killing me. I cant wait to take them off.
3. Hello. ___ is Beth. Can I speak to Kate?
4. I knew Jenny at university. In ____ days she had long blond hair.
5. ___ is our Sales Manager. His name is John.
6. I was in the pub last night when ____ bloke came up and hit me.
7. ___ was a wonderful film, wasnt it?
II.
1. .
ABOUT MYSELF
My name is Tanya Bobrova. I am 17. I was born on the 5th of March 1988 in Moscow.
I am a first-year student at Sakhalin State University. I study at Physics and Mathematics Institute. In 4 years Ill get a Bachelor Degree.
My family is not very large. We have five people in our family. I live with my parents, my younger sister and my grandmother. My fathers name is Vladimir. He is forty years old. He is a doctor and he works at a hospital. My mothers name is Lyudmila. She is thirty-nine years old. She is a housewife. My younger sister Natasha is a pupil. She is in the seventh form. My grandmother lives with us. She doesnt work. She is a pensioner. I love my family. We are all friends and we love each other.
We live in a big flat in a new house. There are four rooms in our flat: a living room, a study, two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a bathroom. We have all modern conveniences: gas, hot water, running water, electricity and telephone.
I have my duties about the house. I must go shopping, clean the rooms. Its not difficult for me. I want our home to be clean and tidy. I think there is no place better than home.
Last year I finished school number 92. We had many well-educated teachers at our school. I was a good pupil and I did well in all subjects. My favourite subjects at school were Mathematics, Russian and English. Now Im a first course student of the college.
I have many friends. Most of them are my classmates. We spend much time together, go for a walk or to a disco party, talk about lessons, music and discuss our problems.
I like reading. I like detective stories but I prefer to read historical novels or modern writers. I like to listen to modern music, but sometimes I like to listen to some classical music. My favourite composer is Tchaikovsky. I havent much time to watch TV but sometimes I spend an hour or two watching an interesting film or a news programme. In the evening I often look through fresh newspapers or read some interesting book. I like fresh air and exercises, but I have not much time for doing sports.
2. C .
My name is I am years old. I was born on in
We have people in our family. I live with
My fathers name is He is years old. He is a and he works
My mothers name is She is years old. She is a
I have a (younger / elder sister / brother). He / She is a
We live in a There are rooms in our flat: and a We have all modern convenience:
I have my duties about the house. I must I always help my about the house.
I finished school number My favourite subjects at school were and Now Im a
I like reading. I like to read and I also like to read
I like to listen to modern music. I like to listen to My favourite composer is
I like to watch TV. My favourite programmes are
Now Im a student of We have many subjects at My favourite subjects are
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2. .
Bachelor of Science, first-year, subjects, friendly, programmer, profession, to be good at, education, to be interested in.
1. Nick is a student at Sakhalin State University.
2. Will she be a Science?
3. My favourite at school were Computer Science in English.
4. Petes family is not large, but .
5. Is your sister a ?
6. What in your father by ?
7. Petes mother in computing, isnt she?
8. What is your mother ?
9. What are you in?
3. .
2
I.
2, :
1. some, any, no .
2.: there is, there are.
3. , .
4. () (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous).
1. some, any, anything, anywhere, anybody, something, somewhere, somebody.
1. Have you bought ___ souvenirs yet? Yes, Ive bought ___ presents for my family but I havent sent ___ postcards yet.
2. Ive just done ___ shopping. Have you bought ___ new things? Yes, Ive bought a pair of jeans and ____ a pair socks. I wanted to get __ shoes too, but I didnt have ___ money left.
3. Would you like ___ to eat?
4. Do you live ___ near Jim?
5. Theres ___ at the door. Can you go and see who it is?
6. The film is really great. You can ask ____ who has seen it.
7. With this special ticket you can go ___ you like on any bus you like.
8. Do you know ___ about politics?
9. There isnt ___ in the box. Its empty.
2. .
1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. ?
6. .
3. e Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous. .
James (be) a taxi-driver. He (work) in London. He (know) the city very well. He (work) as a taxi-driver for 25 years.
I (love) my job, because every day I (meet) new people. Many tourists (visit) the city, especially in summer and I (tell) them about every street. Now James (have lunch) in a café. He usually (have) two breaks a day for a short rest. At the weekends he (go) to the seaside. He (spend) his holidays at the same place for many years.
James (be) a good worker. He (earn) about 2000 pounds a month. This month he (get) even more there are many tourists in the city now. Next Monday he (meet) his friends. They (come) to see London. He (be) going to show them the city.
4. Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect Past Perfect Continuous.
John works in a real-estate agency. Three years ago he (be) unemployed and (search for) any job. Every day he (read) advertisements about jobs. He (decide) to try. At first it (be) difficult and he (not, do) deals alone. But soon he (learn) job well and last year he (become) the best agent. By the end of the year he (sell) many apartments and (receive) a big bonus. Yesterday he (work) with a client who (want) to buy a huge flat in the very centre of the city. They (discuss) details of the deal for one hour. At last they (sign) the documents. Once John (look for) a flat for a very bossy man. He (look for) it for two months, but in the end the client (refuse) because he (buy) a better one through another agency! Although the job is nervous, John likes it very much.
5. Future Simple, Future Perfect Future Continuous.
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1. I (cook) dinner by the time I leave for the pub.
2. Tomorrow I (be) at the studio all the day.
3. By the time he is thirty five he (become) a professor.
4. I wont be able to answer the phone in the afternoon. I (give) a talk at the conference.
5. We (have) coffee after Martin has finished eating.
6. I hope I (become) a good specialist in the future.
7. Dont call me in the morning tomorrow. I (sleep).
6. , .
1. They left school last year. (when? who?)
2. Ill give you this magazine tomorrow. (what? when?)
3. The ship had left the port by 10 a.m. yesterday. (why? when?)
4. The students write lectures every day. (how often? what?)
5. The children are playing in the yard now. (who?where?)
6. She has been trying to find a job for several years. (how long? who?)
7. The secretary will be typing the documents from 9 till 10 oclock tomorrow. (what time?)
8. The U.S. president lives and works in the White House. (where?)
II.
1. .
HEALTHY WAY OF LIFE
People nowadays are more health-conscious than they used to be. They understand that good health is above wealth. To be healthy we should avoid different bad habits. In my opinion, smoking and drinking too much alcohol, are the worst ones. Smoking, for example, causes a number of heart and lung diseases. Besides, it makes your teeth yellow and skin unhealthy. Fortunately, in recent years smoking has received a lot of bad publicity, and fewer people smoke nowadays.
Smoking and drinking are joined by less dangerous habits, such as skipping meals, eating unhealthy food, or even overeating. If we eat too much, we'll become obese, and obesity leads to serious diseases. A lot of people like drinking coca cola and coffee, and enjoy pizzas and hamburgers. But what is tasty is not always healthy.
In recent years eating habits have undergone a change. People are encouraged to eat less fat and more fibre. High fibre and low fat foods can now be found in all shops and supermarkets. Many people feel they are too fat. If you want to lose weight, you should cut out snacks and desserts, and cut down on fat. Some people count the number of calories they eat every day; so that they can try to take in fewer calories and lose weight. This is called a calorie-controlled diet.
To my mind, the only way to stay healthy and to keep fit is by going in for sports. It is also very important to spend a lot of time in the open air. We should go for a walk before going to bed or air the room.
I think it is necessary to take care of our health. Being fat, in fact, can cause real problems. Thants why I go in for sports on a regular basis. And I try to eat only low-fat food, fruit and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins. Besides, I dont smoke, because I dont want to have unhealthy skin and teeth. I am sure that regularity in life promotes our health. Sleeping eight or nine hours, getting up early, regular meals, a healthy diet and going in for sports is really a good way to live.
2. .
3. , (TRUE) (FALSE) :
a) People are not health conscious nowadays.
b) Smoking does not influence your heart.
c) In recent years smoking has received a lot of bad publicity.
d) Obesity leads to serious diseases.
e) Tasty things are always healthy.
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f) Spending time in the open air can help you remain healthy.
g) You can sleep 4 hours per day and be healthy.
4. :
a) Is wealth above health?
b) What are the worst bad habits according to the author?
c) Can eating habits be dangerous for a person? Why?
d) What is called a calorie-controlled diet?
e) What is the only way to be healthy according to the author?
f) Is it necessary to go in for sports regularly?
g) How many hours of sleep does person need?
5. .
3
I.
3, :
1. .
2. () .
3. .
4. . .
1. .
1. The life of this battery is (long) than most of its rivals at almost half the price.
2. Our mineral water is (pure) in the market.
3. He is (good) student in our group.
4. I would recommend this jacket. Its (stylish) than the other one and it really suits you.
5. This is (low) price I can offer.
6. Youll really like these chips. They are (tasty) than any others on the market.
7. I cant recommend this DVD player. Its results were (bad) than the others.
8. That is (silly) suggestion Ive ever heard.
2. . .
1. An interesting problem was discussed yesterday at the meeting.
2. The newspapers havent been brought yet.
3. The houses are built every year.
4. The experiment will have been finished by the end of this week.
5. Much time is given to the study of the new methods of research.
6. The foreign delegation will be met tomorrow morning.
7. Our students are being tested in room 125 now.
8. The children were being shown a cartoon when I entered the hall.
9. The job had been done by last Friday.
10. When was your city founded?
11. The academic year is divided into two terms.
12. Oxford and Cambridge are often called Oxbridge to denote elitarian education.
13. I came late because I had been shown a wrong way.
14. In modern world people are bombarded by advertising.
3. (must, may, can, should).
1. I take this book? - Certainly, but you not give it to anybody.
2. you translate this text into English? I think I .
3. Sorry Im late. I come in?
4. You throw litter in the park.
5. Your salary is very low. You look for another job.
6. If you want to improve your English, you work very hard.
4. , .
1. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting room.
2. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off.
3. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter.
4. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse.
5. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man.
6. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday.
7. He said he (is staying, was staying) at the Ritz Hotel.
8. He asked me where I (study, studied).
9. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time.
10. He says he (works, worked) at school two years ago.
II.
1. .
THE USE OF LEISURE
By the way in which a man uses his leisure his character can be told - more surely in all probability than by the way he does his work. For most men work is necessity in order to gain a living. Vast numbers of people have not been able to choose what work they would do, but have been forced by economic necessity to take the first job that came their way. But in their leisure time they do what they really want to do and their real selves are reflected in their actions. Some people are completely passive during leisure hours. If such people go out they go to some place of entertainment where no effort is required by them, a cinema or a dance hall, and if the latter, they do not dance but simply sit and watch other dancing. A different type of person hurries home from work full of eagerness to begin on some scheme which he has been planning for his leisure time.
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Perhaps his hobby is carpentry or model engineering, or gardening, or he might wish to write, or to study some subject in which he is interested.
This is the creative type of character. For him, his leisure hours are full of promise and he can look back on them with satisfaction when he reviews what he has achieved in them.
Leisure should be refreshment; it should send a man out with fresh spirits to battle with the problems of life. Sometimes this freshness comes not from doing anything, but by filling one's mind with fresh springs of beauty. A man gets full value from his leisure by contemplating nature. Listening to music, or reading books. By this sort of occupation he may not have made anything that he can show, but he has none the less recreated his own source of inspiration and made his own mind a richer and fuller treasure house. This is the true use of leisure.
2. :
1), 2) , 3) , 4) , 5) , 6) , 7) , 8) , 9) , 10) , 11) .
3. :
1. Why can a mans character be told by the way he uses his leisure?
2. What types of men are there by the way they spend their leisure?
3. What do passive people do during leisure hours?
4. How does a creative type of character spend his leisure time?
5. Why should leisure be refreshment?
4. , (5-7 ).
4
I.
4, :
1. .
2. .
3. Participle I, Participle II.
4. (The Infinitive, The Gerund).
1. .
1. Did you run a race yesterday? said Peter. Yes, we did, said Ann. Kate was the first to come to the finish.
2. Where is my bag, mother? asked Tom. I have put it on the chair near the door, said mother. Dont forget to put your record boob into it.
3. Why cant we play here, mother? asked the children. Father is sleeping, said their mother. He has worked very much today. Keep quiet.
4. Look at my stamps, father, said Nick. When will you buy some new ones for me?
5. I thought, He is a very clever man: he can help me.
2. , . .
1. If he is free tomorrow, he certainly (to come) to our party.
2. If my friend (to work) in my office, we should meet every day.
3. If you spoke English every day, you (to improve) your language skills.
4. If she (to return) earlier, she would have been able to see him before he left.
5. If you (to be) a poet, you would write a beautiful poetry.
6. If he did not read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well.
3. , Participle I Participle II.
1. A letter sent from St.Petersburg today will be in Moscow tomorrow.
2. He saw some people in the post office sending telegrams.
3. Taking a dictionary, he began to translate the text.
4. The word said by the student was not correct.
5. The man standing at the door of the train carriage and saying goodbye ti his friends is a well- known musician.
6. A word spoken in time may have very important results.
7. The speaking doll interested the child very much.
8. While speaking to Nick some days ago, I forgot to ask him about his sister.
4. ( ). .
1. We must _______ you that your payment is overdue.
a. inform b. to inform c. informing
2. We have _______ overtime.
a. do b. to do c. doing
3. Do you mind _______ the window?
a. open b. to open . opening
4. Catherine managed _______an important customer.
a. acquire b. to acquire c. acquiring
5. We look forward to _______ from you soon.
a. hear b. hearing
6. Jane is busy _______ invitations for our company's anniversary celebration.
a. write b. to write c. writing
7. Could you let me ______my sentence?
a. finish b. to finish c. finishing
8. It is hard _______ certain customers.
a. please b. to please c. pleasing
9. Let me begin by _______ you something about our company's history.
a. tell b. to tell c. telling
10. We risk _______ a lot of money.
a. lose b. to lose c. losing
II.
1. .
FRIENDSHIP: A SINGLE SOUL DWELLING IN TWO BODIES
Friendship is considered one of the central human experiences and for many people it may be as important as love. It is an essential component of many people's daily lives. It is rather difficult to describe the main features of friendship in one phrase. Friendship means devotion, faith, complete trust and unselfishness. A friend is a person who understands and supports you in times of need or crisis, shows kindness and sympathy, has similar tastes, interests and life philosophies.
Your friend is your helper, adviser and supporter. You can always trust him and share your hardships with him. Friends are absolutely disinterested and they help you without being asked to and without the expectation that you will have to repay them. A true friend can always acknowledge his fault if he is wrong and apologize. Besides, a true friend can forgive you if you have hurt his feelings or if you have given him a lot of trouble.
In Greek and Roman times, friendship was thought of as being an essential constituent of both a good society and a good life. It was supposed to nurture wisdom and happiness. Aristotle, a Greek philosopher and scientist, believed that friendship could fall into three categories: it could be based on utility, pleasure or goodness. In its latter state, Aristotle described it as being 'a single soul dwelling in two bodies'. During the time of the Roman Empire, Cicero had his own beliefs on friendship. He thought that in order to have a true friendship with someone there must be all honesty and truth. If there isn't, then this isn't a true friendship.
There are different types of friendship. For example not every friend is called your best or close friend. Your best friend is a person with whom your share strong interpersonal ties. Your soulmate is someone who is considered the ultimate, true, and eternal half of your soul. An acquaintance is a person with whom you don't share emotional ties, for example your coworker. A person with whom you share a 'postal' relationship and communicate through letters is your pen pal. Nowadays it is very popular to make friends online. Friendship that takes place over the Internet is called Internet friendship.
Most people have friends, regardless of gender, age, education, financial position and residency. But they tend to form friendships with representatives of their own social circle and with people of their own age. There is often a gap between people with different educational level, life experience and financial standing. In other words most people understand friendship as a union of the equal. However some of us have friends who are much younger or older than we are, who are poorer or wealthier and whose level of education is much higher or lower than ours.
Some reserved and shy people find making friends rather difficult. Besides, friendship means rendering a service to your friend from time to time, telling the truth and exhibiting loyalty. It takes time and effort, but true friendship is worth of it. It is stressful to live in the world of strangers, that's why people need friends. They give us a sense of being protected, emotional comfort and moral support. Having no friends can be emotionally damaging in some cases. As the proverb says, 'A true friend is the best possession'.
2. :
best friend
soulmate
acquaintance
pen pal
Internet friendship
3. (AGREE) (DISAGREE) . .
Friendship means complete trust and openness.
Friends should have similar views, outlook and hobbies.
A person can have only one friend.
Friendship helps a person realize his or her individuality.
Friendship between a man and a woman is impossible.
It is easier to find a friend in a small town or village than in a big city.
Friendship is possible only between people of the same generation and social status.
When business relations start, friendship ends.
3. :
1) Why is friendship an essential component of many people's daily lives?
2) Do you agree with Aristotle's/Cicero's ideas of friendship? Why?
3) Why do people tend to form friendships with representatives of their own social circle and with people of their own age?
4) Can you agree that friendship as a union of the equal? Why?
5) Why can having no friends be emotionally damaging?
6) What would your life be like without friends?
7) What traits of character should a person possess to become your friend?
8) What is your attitude to Internet friendship?
