1. I'm sure that David took your books by mistake.
2. It was a mistake to park outside the police station.
3. It was unnecessary for you to clean the floor.
4. I'm sure that Liz hasn't met Harry before.
5. I'm sure they haven't eaten all the food. It's not possible!
6. Jack is supposed to have arrived an hour ago.
7. Perhaps Pam and Tim decided not to come.
8. I think it was the cat that took the fish from the table!
9. It was a waste of time worrying, after all!
10. It's impossible that we stayed at the same hotel, in that case.
11. It's not necessary for you to wear a uniform.
12. I wouldn't wake her up if I were you.
XVII. Complete each sentence with a suitable word or phrase.
1. Don't worry that Carol is late, she... missed the train.
2. I begged David to accept some money, but he... hear of it.
3. That was a lucky escape! You... been killed!
4. It was supposed to be a secret! You... told her!
5. I spent last week at the beach because I didn't... go to school.
6. The plane is late. It... landed by now.
7. You... met my brother. I haven't got one!
8. There is only one solution. The butler... done it.
9. So it was you who set off the fire alarm for a joke! I... known!
10. Pay attention to what Martin said. He... serious.
11. Fancy accepting the job like that! You... asked me first!
12. The test was no problem at all. It... easier in fact!
13. I'm sure Jack didn't mean to ignore you. He... noticed you.
14. Hello, I'm home early. I... late at the office after all.
15. The meat is a bit burnt. You... cooked it for so long. I did tell you!
16. There were plenty of tickets left for the concert. We... them in advance.
17. Sally got home at four this morning. The party... really good!
18. This homework is not as good as usual. I think you... more time on it.
19. A child... given everything he or she wants.
20. You... here when Helen told the boss not to be so lazy!
21. Peter wasn't here then, so he... broken your vase.
22. If you felt lonely, you... given me a ring.
23. It's been more than a week. You... have some news by now!
24. You really... have gone to so much trouble!
25. I... have thought that it was rather difficult.
26. You should have seen Jim's face! He... happier!
27. I'm sorry. I suppose... been a bit rude.
28. Surely it... been Ann who told you.
29. You really.... so much trouble over me.
30. One thing is for sure, someone... known about it.
31. Was it really necessary? You... to tell the police, you know.
32. They... saved her from the fire, but the ladder didn't reach her window.
33. Keep your fingers crossed. The traffic warden... noticed
the car is parked on double yellow lines!
34. It's funny... bought exactly the same dress as me!
XVIII. Correct any errors in these sentences.
1. You mustn't have forgotten already! (error: can't have forgotten)
2. Paul shouldn't have been more helpful if he had tried.
3. Frank might not have understood what you said.
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4. It was funny that she should have remembered me.
5. Harry may have won the match with a bit more effort.
6. You must have told me you had already eaten.
7. Fortunately I needn't have gone to the bank in person.
8. You mustn't have been so unkind!
9. I couldn't have managed without you.
10. I have no idea who it was, but I suppose it would have been Ann.
XIX. Rewrite each sentence so that it contains a modal verb and so that the meaning stays the same.
1. The police refused to do anything about my noisy neighbours.
2. Why didn't you back me up!
3. Our worrying so much was a waste of time.
4. It's just not possible for the cat to have opened the fridge!
5. George knew how to ride a bicycle when he was five.
6. I wanted to go to the party, but it was snowing hard.
7. It would have been possible for Helen to give us a lift.
8. It's possible that the last person to leave didn't lock the door.
9. School uniform wasn't compulsory at my school.-
10. It's possible that they didn't notice us.
XX. Choose the correct completion.
1. Dick painted his bedroom black. It looks dark and dreary. He____a different colour.
A. had to choose B. should have chosen
C. must have chosen D. could have been choosing
2. Tom is sitting at his desk. He's reading his chemistry text because he has a test tomorrow. He____.
A. could study B. should be studying
C. will study D. must be studying
3. When Mr Lee was younger, he____work in the garden
for hours, but now he has to take frequent rests because he has emphysema.
A. has got to B. can
C. should be able to D. could
4. Whenever my parents went out in the evening, I____the
job of taking care of my younger brother.
A. would get B. should get
C. must have gotten D. had better get
5. Yesterday I ____to a furniture store. I bought a new
lamp there.
A. could go B. went
C. could have gone D. ought to have gone
6. Jimmy and Maria were naughty children. They___tricks
on their teachers, which always got them into a lot of trouble.
A. could play B. used to play
C. could have played D. may have played
7. Robert has a new car. He___it for a very good price.
He paid 30 percent less than the regular retail cost.
A. could buy B. had to buy
C. was supposed to buy D. was able to buy
8. 'Why are you so sure that Ann didn't commit the crime she's been accused of committing?'
'She___that crime because I was with her, and we were
out of town on that day.'
A. may not have B. wasn't supposed to
committed commit
C. committed D. couldn't have committed
9. 'Since we have to be there in a hurry, we___take a
taxi.' 'I agree.'
A. had better B. may
C. have been used to D. are able to
10. 'It___rain this evening. Why don't you take an umbrella?'
'That's a good idea. May I borrow yours?'
A. had better B. could be
C. must D. might
11. '____you hand me that pair of scissors, please!'
'Certainly.'
A. May B. Shall
C. Will D. Should
12. Larry drove all night to get here for his sister's wedding.
He___exhausted by the time he arrived.
A. ought to be B. could be
C. must have been D. will have been
13. 'What are you doing here now? You ___be here for
another three hours.'
'I know. We got an early start and it took less time than we expected. I hope you don't mind.'
A. couldn't B. might not
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C. had better not D. aren't supposed to
14. ' ___ taking me downtown on your way to work this
morning?'
'Not at all.'
A. Can you B. Why don't you
C. Would you mind D. Could you please
15. 'I locked myself out of my apartment. I didn't know what to do.'
'You___your roommate.'
A. could have called B. may have called C. would have called D. must have called
16. 'You haven't eaten anything since yesterday afternoon. You___be really hungry!'
'I am.'
A. might B. will
C. can D. must
17. 'I____there at 6 p.m. for the meeting, but my car won't
start. Could you please give me a lift in your car?' 'Sure. Are you ready to go now?'
A. will be B. may be
C. supposed to be D. have got to be
18. 'I left a cookie on the table, but now it's gone. What happened to it?'
'I don't know. One of the children___it.'
A. may have eaten B. could eat
C. had to eat D. should have eaten
19. Peter___rather sleep on a matress than on the floor.
A. shall . could
. would D. must
20. 'My boss is always looking over my shoulder whenever I do anything.'
'That__bother you.'
'But it does.'
A. shouldn't B. might not
C. may not D. won't
21. 'This movie is boring and too violent.' 'I agree.___leave?'
A. Will we B. Why don't we
C. Must we D. Would we
22. 'Chris, you ___ the fish in the refrigerator before it
spoils.'
'You're right. I didn't know it was still in the shopping bag.'
A. had better put B. had to put
C. would rather put D. may put
23. 'What does Mr Griffin do for a living?'
'Nothing. He's very rich. He___work for a living.'
A. must not B. shouldn't
C. doesn't have to D. hadn't better
24. 'Why are you so late?'
'I___my aunt to the airport. The traffic was terrible!'
A. could take B. must have taken
C. should take D. had to take
25. 'I heard that Laura was offered a job at a top computer firm in Chicago.'
'Oh? That's wonderful! She __ very pleased.'
A. is supposed to be B. might be C. must be D. is
26. 'The hot weather doesn't seem to bother you.'
'When I had my farm, I__work in the hot fields for
hours.'
A. used to B. ought to
C. must D. had better
27. 'I need some help with this table.__you lift the other
end, please?'
'Sure. Just a second.'
A. May B. Should
C. Could D. Shall
28. 'How did you get my telephone number? It's not listed
in the phone book, so you __ have found it in the
directory.'
'I got it from your mother.'
A. may not B. won't
C. might not D. couldn't
29. 'Is littering against the law?'
'Yes. There's a law that says that you___throw trash
on the streets.'
A. don't have to B. must not
C. couldn't D. might not
30. 'Do you like to play tennis?'
'Yes. When I worked at the embassy, I__meet a friend
at 5 every afternoon for a game.'
A. would B. should
C. had better D. would rather
31. 'Harry's new jacket doesn't seem to fit him very well.' 'He___it on before he bought it.'
A. must have tried B. was able to try
C. should have tried D. may have tried
XXI. Use a modal with each verb in parentheses. More than one modal may be possible. Use the one that seems most appropriate to you.
1. I've never seen a London policeman. You (see) one! You've been in London a week already! 2.... I (call) for you? No, I (get) a taxi and meet you at the station. 3. I heard their. telephone ringing. You (not hear) their phone ringing. They haven't got a phone. 4. Don is putting on a little weight around his middle. He (get) more exercise. 5. Jack: I've finished. Ann: But you were only half way through when I went to bed. You (work) all night! 6. I'm sleepy. I (not keep) my eyes open. I (go) to bed before I fall asleep right here. 7. Zoo keeper: In spite of all the notices, people (feed) these animals. 8. In my country, a girl and boy (not go) out on a date unless they are accompanied by a chaperone. 9. The instructions were in French. I translated them into English for him. You (not translate) them. He knows French. 10. Jones: Stand away from that door! You can't keep me here against my will. Smith: You (not go) till you have given me an explanation! (I won't let you go.) 11. You can trust me; nobody (know) that you are here. (I promise to keep it secret.) I (not) even (tell) my wife. 12. My wife and ten children are coming to join me here. They (not live) in my dormitory room. I (find) an apartment. 13. A:... I (speak) to Peggy? B: She (not come) to the phone right now.... I (take) a message? 14. Jimmy was serious when he said he wanted to be a cowboy when he grew up. We (not laugh) at him. We hurt his feelings. 15.... you (cash) this check for me? 16. A: How are you planning to get to the airport? B: By taxi. A: You (take) a shuttle bus instead. It's cheaper than a taxi. You (get) one in front of the hotel. It picks up passengers there on a regular schedule. 17. You (not feed) the bears! (It was foolish of you to feed them.) Now they'll be angry if the next campers don't feed them too. 18. Nobody has been in this house for a month. Nonsense! Here's last Monday's paper in the wastepaper basket; somebody (be) here quite recently. 19. Let's go shopping. The shops (not be) crowded. Monday morning's usually quiet. 20. Why... everyone (promote) except me? It's not fair. 21. A: Why didn't you come to the party last night? B: I (study). A: You (come). We had a good time. 22. A: I (go) to the University of Iowa or Iowa State University? B: Think it over for a few
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days. You (not make) up your mind right now. There's no hurry. 23. A: The phone's ringing again. Let's not answer it. Just let it ring. B: No, we (answer) it. It (be) important. 24. We (start) yesterday (this was the plan); but the flight was cancelled because of the fog, so we're still here, as you see. 25. I left my car here under the No Parking sign; and now it's gone. It (steal). Not necessarily. The police (drive) it away. 26. He was riding a bicycle along the motorway when he was hit by the trailer of a lorry. These big lorries are very dangerous. Perhaps, but Paul (not ride) a bicycle along the motorway; bicycles are not allowed. 27. Jane's looking at the test paper the teacher just returned. She's smiling. She (pass) the test, 28. It's not like Tony to be late. He (be) here an hour ago. I hope nothing bad happened. 29. He used to have a day off once a week, and on that day he (get) up early, have a hasty breakfast and set out for the river. 30. I know that it will be difficult to pick him out in such a crowd, but if you (happen) to see him give him this packet. 31. Why didn't you wait for me yesterday? I waited five minutes. You (wait) a little longer! 32. How did Peter get here? He (come) on a motorcycle. (This is a possibility.) He (not come) on a motorcycle. He doesn't ride one. 33. Police Officer (in a loud speaker van beside a motorway In thick fog): They are going much too fast. I keep warning them to reduce speed but they (not do) it. 34. Ann: She says she'd rather go to prison than pay the fine. Tom: She (not go) to prison. (I won't let this happen.) I (pay) her fine for her! 35. A: Somebody called you while you were out, but she didn't leave her name. B: Who did it sound like? Anybody you know? A. Well, it (be) Phyllis, but that's just a guess. I (ask) who was calling, but I didn't. B: That's okay. 36. (Alice, staying at a hotel for the first time, carefully washes up the early morning tea things.) Mother: You (not do) that. The hotel staff do the washing up. 37. Mrs Smith: I've cooked scrambled eggs for Mr Jones, because of his diet, and steak and onions for everyone else. Mr Jones: You (not cook) anything special for me, Mrs Smith; I'm not on a diet any longer. 38. Tom (looking out of the window): Fortu-
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nately that teapot didn't hit anyone, but you (not throw) it out of the window, Ann! You (kill) someone. 39. Look at this beautiful painting! Only a very great artist (paint) such a picture! Nonsense! A child of five (paint) it with his eyes shut. 40. It looks like rain. We (shut) the windows. 41. Ann,... you (hand) me that dish? Thanks. 41. I returned a book to the library yesterday. It was two weeks overdue, so I (pay) a fine of $ 1.40. I (return) the book when it was due. 42. Spring break starts on the thirteenth. We (not go) to classes until the twenty-second. 43.... I (make) an appointment to see Dean Witherspoon? 44. Neither of us knows the way to their house. We (take) a map with us or we'll probably get lost. 45. You (not tell) Jack about the party. It's a surprise party for him. 46. Secretary: There's a Mr Peterson in the outer office, sir. He says he has an appointment.... you (see) him now? Mr Smith: I (not see) him now or at any other time. I told him so when we last met. And he hasn't an appointment! 47. Excuse me. I didn't understand.... you (repeat) what you said? 48. In the United States, elementary education is compulsory. All children (attend) six years of elementary school. 48. There was a long line in front of the theatre. We (wait) almost an hour to buy our tickets. 49. I wonder who carried the piano upstairs. I suppose it was Paul. Paul (not carry) it by himself. Someone (help) him. 50. The car (not start) so we had to ring for a taxi. 51. The people in the flat above us were members of a band. We liked them very much but they (practise) the drums at night. Nothing we said made any difference. 52. I don't feel like going to the library to study this afternoon. I (go) to the shopping mall than to the library. 53. Do you know where Tom is? He (be) in the canteen. He's usually there between twelve and one. 54. She asked me what she (do) if any letters came for me while I was away. I told her that my brother would come every day to pick up my mail. 55. When I rang the exchange and asked for the number the operator said, 'You (not ring) the exchange! You (dial) direct!' However, he put me through. 56. Bill proposed that women (allow) to join the club. 57. A:
This is Steve's tape recorder, isn't it? B: It (not be) his. He doesn't have a tape recorder. It (belong) to Lucy or to Linda. They sometimes bring their tape recorders to class. 58. A: Why is Margaret in her room? B: I don't know. She (do) her homework. 59. A: Did Ed really mean what he said yesterday? B: No, I don't think so. I think he (kid). 60. Johnny! You (not play) with sharp knives. 61. We (not go) to the concert if you don't want to, but it might be good. 62. I'm taking my exams in two days. I know I (study) tonight, but I think I'll watch TV instead. 63. It is essential that everyone (be able) to see the stage. 64.1 suggested that they (have) a hot breakfast and a cold supper. 65. You (love) your father. (It is natural and right.) Why... I (love) him? I've never seen him. 66. Remember that we (be) at his place not later than eight. 67. Ann's birthday was on the 5 th, and now it's already the 8 th. Her birthday card (send) a week ago. Maybe we (give) her a call to wish her a belated happy birthday. 68. The entire valley (see) from their mountain home. 69. According to our teacher, all of our compositions (write) in ink. He won't accept papers written in pencil. 70. Last semester's class was too large. It (divide) in half.
71. Tom: What's happened to Jack? We said 7.30 and now
it's 8.00 and there's no sign of him. Ann: He (forget) that we invited him. He is rather
forgetful. I (telephone) him yesterday to remind
him. (It was foolish of me not to telephone.) Tom: Or he (get) lost. He hasn't been to this house before.
I (give) him directions. (I didn't give him directions,
which was stupid of me)
Ann: Or he (have) a breakdown or a puncture. Tom: A puncture (not delay) him so long. Ann: Or he (stop) for a drink and (get) involved in an
argument. Jack's arguments go on for hours! Tom: Or he (run) out of petrol. Perhaps we (go) and look
for him.
XXII. Study and practise.
1. Dear Brenda,
Thanks for replying so quickly to my last letter. You must have been surprised when you received a letter from me. I'm glad you will be able to put me up when I come to London. Could you possibly give me some directions for your flat? I'm bound to get lost. Do I have to take a taxi from the station, or is it near enough to walk? Perhaps I should buy a street map of Birmingham when I arrive. And is it all right if I bring my little brother, Tim? By the way, congratulations on your new job. You must be very happy. Do you think that you made the right decision, though? I think you should have gone to university like me. I'm sure that you would have enjoyed it. I have to study a lot, but with any luck I should get a good job when I finish. I'd better post this letter now.
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Best wishes, Sheila
2. Residents in the Blackwood area complained last night that they should have been warned about the escape of a dangerous snake. The snake, a python, is three metres long, and can kill pets. 'I heard about it on the radio,' said Mrs Agnes Bird. 'I had to lock my dog in the kitchen this morning, because I thought the snake could easily attack it. Now I am not sure what I ought to do.' The snake, called Lulu, disappeared from Blackwood Zoo. 'It must have found a hole in the wall, or it might have slipped out while the door was open,' said zoo director Basil Hart. Mr Hart said that people needn't have been alarmed. 'A local radio must have mixed up its reports,' he went on. 'We found Lulu a few minutes after we missed her. We had to climb a tree and bring her down. So you see, you should never believe silly stories you hear on the radio!'
XXIII. Give general advice to people who want to:
a. improve their health.
b. get good grades.
c. improve their English.
d. make a good first impression.
e. find a job.
f. live life fully every day.
g. get married.
Say: Do this. Don't do that. You should do this. You shouldn't do that. You ought to do this. You don't have to do that. You must do this. You must not do that. You can do this. You had better do that, etc.
XXIV. Directions: Go to a public place, a place where there are people whom you do not know (a cafeteria, store, street corner, park, zoo, lobby, etc.). Choose three of these people to write a composition about. Using a paragraph for each person, describe his/her appearance briefly and then make 'guesses' about this person: age, occupation, personality, activities, etc.
Example I'm in a hotel lobby. I'm looking at a man who is wearing a blue suit and carrying a briefcase. He is talking at the registration desk, so he must be registering to stay in the hotel. He couldn't be checking out, because people have to check out at a different desk. He might be simply asking a question, but I doubt it. Judging from his clothes, I'd say he's probably a businessman. But he could be something else. He might be a doctor, or a funeral director, or a professor. He has salt-and-pepper hair and not too many wrinkles. He must be about 50 or 55. He doesn't have any luggage with him. The porter must have taken his luggage. The hotel clerk just handed the man a key. Aha! I was right. He is registering to stay at the hotel.
XXV. Work in pairs. Using the given situations, create dialogues of 10 to 20 sentences or more. Then present your dialogues to the rest of the class. For each situation, the beginning of the dialogue is given. Try to include appropriate modals in your conversation.
1. Situation: The two of you are roommates or a married couple. It is late at night. All of the lights are turned off. You hear a strange noise. You try
to figure out what it might or must be, what
you should or should not do, etc. Dialogue: A: Psst. Are you awake?
B: Yes. What's the matter?
A: Do you hear that noise?
B: Yes, what do you suppose it is?
A: I don't know. It...
B:...
2. Situation: Your teacher is always on time, but today it is
fifteen minutes past the time class begins and he/she still isn't here. You try to figure out why he/she isn't here yet and what you should do.
Dialogue: A: Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss/ Dr/Professor____should
have been here fifteen minutes ago. I wonder where s/he is. Why do you suppose s/he hasn't arrived yet? B: Well,...
3. Situation: The two of you are planning to go on a picnic.
You are almost ready to leave when you hear a loud noise. It sounds like thunder. You are supposed to meet Nancy and Paul at the park for your picnic.
Dialogue: A: Is the picnic basket all packed? B: Yes. Everything is ready to go. A: Good. Let's get going. B: Wait. Did you hear that? A:...
4. Situation: It is late at night. The weather is very bad.
Your eighteen-year-old son, who had gone to a party with some of his friends, was supposed to be home an hour ago. (The two of you are either a married couple or a parent and his/her friend.) You are getting worried. You are trying
to figure out where he might be, what might or must have happened, and what you should do, if anything.
Dialogue: A: It's already____o'clock and____isn't home
yet. I'm getting worried.
B: So am I. Where do you suppose he is?
A: ...
XXVI. Choose three of the following topics. Write a short paragraph on each.
1. Write about when, where, and why you should (or should not) have done something in your life.
2. Write about a time in your life when you did something you did not want to do. Why did you do it? What could you have done differently? What should you have done?
3. Look at your future. What will, might, should it be like? Write about what you should, must, can do now in order to make your life what you want it to be.
4. Write about one embarrassing incident in your life. What
could, should, might you have done to avoid it?
5. Look at the world situation in relationships between nations. What could, should (or should not), must (or must not) be done to improve understanding?
6. Choose one of the environmental problems people are considering today. What could, should, may, must, might be done to solve this problem?
XXVII. Translate from Russian into English.
1. . 2. , , . 3. , . 4. ? . 5. ? , . 6. , . 7. . 8. . . 9. , . 10. -
. . 11. , . 12. ( ) .
13. . , .
14. , . . 15. , . 16. ? . 17. () . 18. , , , . 19. . 20. , , . 21. ? 22. , . , , . 23. . 24. , . , . 25. . . 26. . . 27. , , , . 28. , . 29. . . 30. , , . 31. . ? ? 32. , . 33. . 34. ! 35. , . 36. . 37. , ( ) . 38. , ()! 39. , , . 40. , , , . 41. . 42.
. 43. , , , . 44. ? 45. , (), . 46. , , . 47. . 48. 7.00. . 49. . 50. ? 51. . 52. , . , . 53. . . 54. ? , , , . 55. . , . 56. . , . 57. . . 58. ( , ), . 59. , . 60. , . 61. . 62. , , , . 63. ! - !
KEY
1. Exercise XVIII, p. 17
1. I think you would be able to persuade him if you tried. I'll try to. 2. In spite of the storm he was able to reach the shore. 3. He will be able to speak French fluently if he spends a couple of years in Paris. 4. When I was young I could/was able to walk thirty kilometres in a day. 5. Why didn't you tell me before? I could have bought this book in London. 6. I wish you could join us. I'm sorry but I can't. 7. Can/ Will you be able to take me to the airport tomorrow? Certainly. 8. You can buy this book at any shop. 9. I'll be able to translate this article if you give me a good dictionary. 10. The weather was fine and we could walk in the park every morning. 11. The weather is fine today and we could go out for a walk. 12. I wish my brother were at home. He would be able to help you. 13. She had studied hard and she was able to pass the exam. 14. Were you able to repair/to fix the TV set yesterday? - No, I'll try to do it today. 15. If you had asked me I could have helped you. I was free at that time. 16. We were able to transport all the goods in ten days. 17. When he came to London he could/was able to conduct talks with the firms without an interpreter. 18. He said that he wouldn't be able to give an answer until he thought over the matter properly. 19.1 could come earlier, if necessary. 20. It was so dark we could see nothing. 21. You won't be able to translate the headline without reading the whole article. 22. Although the pilot was badly hurt he was able to explain what had happened. 23. The baby will be able to walk in a few weeks. 24. I can't pay you today. Can you wait till tomorrow? 25. Since his accident he hasn't been able to leave the house. 26. Could you run the business by yourself? 27. He said that he had lost his passport and hadn't been able to/couldn't leave the country. 28.1 could have lent you the money. Why didn't you ask me? 29. Winter here can be really cold. 30. We were able to get tickets for the match yesterday. 31. We weren't able to/couldn't get tickets for
the match yesterday. 32. He could be very naughty when he was a boy. 33. Was he able to/Could he meet you at the station? Yes, but he wasn't able to/couldn't take us to the hotel. 34. It can be done and it must be done. 35. My God! You could have been killed.
2. Exercise XIII, p. 32
1. Yesterday the children were allowed to stay home from school because of the weather. 2. You can/may use my library. 3. Doctor, can/may/could/ might I swim in the sea? Yes, you can/may, but don't stay in the water too long. 4. You can/may take any of these books. 5. You can't/aren't allowed to cross the street here. It is very dangerous. 6. May I ask you a question? Of course, you may, but I don't know whether I'll be able to answer it. 7. The doctor said I might/ could phone him after 5.00. 8. Tell her that she can/may send me a telegram if she needs my help. 9. May I take your dictionary? I'm afraid not. I need it myself. 10. I think you'll be allowed to use the laboratory. 11. Are you allowed to use a dictionary? 12. He has just been allowed to go home after three hours at the police station. 13. Can the children go to the skating rink? No, they can't, it's too late. 14. Ask the coach whether we can see the gymnasium. 15. May I leave earlier today? What's wrong? My mother is ill. Certainly, you may leave right now. 16. Could I have a look at your composition? I'm afraid not. I haven't finished it yet. 17. He asked if he might leave the book with you. 18. Since his accident he hasn't been allowed to drive. 19. The boss said that I might/could use his telephone. 20.1 had a visa so I was allowed to cross the frontier. 21. As a child he was allowed to do exactly what he liked. 22. May they come and see you? 23. You can't/may not/mustn't smoke here. 24. You're not allowed to talk during a test.
3. Exercise IX, p. 50
1. Could you give me a consultation today? 2. Will you please fetch me a glass of water? 3. Will you please drop
this letter into a letter box on your way to work? 4. Can you help me translate this article? 5. Would you mind if I invited my friends? No, of course not. I'd be delighted. 6. May I switch on the TV set? I'm afraid not. It's late already and it's time to go to bed. 7. Will you tell me where I must get off to get to the stadium? 8. Can you call on me tonight? 9. Could I take your opera glasses for a minute? I want to see the singer's face. 10. Would you help me with my suitcases? Certainly. 11. Will you please wait for me a little? OK. 12. Could you take me to the station? Yes, I'd be glad to. 13. Could you help me move to my new flat? I'm afraid I can't. I'm going away on business. 14. Come after dinner, will you? 15. Would you mind if I opened the window? It's too stuffy in here. 16. Can I sit beside you? Please do. 17. Could you help me pack our things? I'd be happy to. 18. Would you help me choose a present for my wife? 19. Would you mind if I took your umbrella? No, of course not. 20. Could you take us sightseeing? I'd be delighted. 21. Will you pass me the salt? Here you are. 22. Can I leave my brief-case in the cloak-room? Sure. 23. Would you mind if I left my things here till I return? No, not at all. 24. Would you mind dining in the kitchen? It's too cold in the dining room. 25. Will you please phone the booking agency and book the plane tickets? 26. Will you show me the train schedule please? 27. Would you mind if I returned the rest of the money in a week? No, that would be fine. 28. Would you mind if I used your computer? 29. Could you lend me some money? 30. Could you take my book to the library?
7. Exercise XIII, p. 89
1. If you are in trouble you must send for me. 2.1 shall have to think it over and make up my mind. 3. But if you come here to work you've got to work. 4. You must learn to face life seriously, Stephen. 5. You are to come down, miss, this minute: your mother says so. 6. I told the story because someone had to talk. 7. I must get better. It is costing Bart too much. 8. Again he had to work at night and again it was
slow business. 9. I was somewhat surprised to find so many people in the hall in which I was to speak. 10. I didn't have to introduce them. They appeared to have met before. 11. You'll have to take your coat. It's getting cold. 12. The lake was so near that even Alan who hated walking agreed that they needn't take his car. 13. He knew he did not need to explain anything to anyone. 14. You are to hand in your test papers in ten minutes. 15. He is supposed to know that. 16. You needn't have carried all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked them. 17. You needn't take the umbrella. There isn't a cloud in the sky. 18. One of the guests sat down beside me. I didn't have to be told who it was. 19. Sorry I'm late. I had to take the children to school. 20.You must use a dictionary. I'm tired of correcting your spelling mistakes. 21. You needn't have changed buses. The number 8 bus takes you straight to my house. 22. The notice said that visitors mustn't feed the animals. 23. The concert was to have taken place on the fifth of February but it was put off because of the conductor's illness. 24. Children, you mustn't play with matches. 25. Why did Tom have to leave work so early yesterday? 26. Don't you have to return these books to the library today? Aren't they due? 27. The doctor said that the child must be well looked after. 28. Can you wait for half an hour? I'm afraid I can't. I have to be at home at 2 o'clock and I've got to hurry up because it is 1.40. 29. If the pain has gone he needn't take the medicine. 30. He is good at languages and he doesn't have to study hard. 31. Rudy was invited for dinner at Mary's house. After dinner they were to go to a movie. 32. You are to do this work by Thursday. 33. I shan't have to take this exam. 34. If I hadn't prepared everything in good time I would have to do it now. 35. He was to have left by the morning train but something kept him and he had to go by the evening train. 36. You are not supposed to talk during a test. 37. He said I needn't pay the bill till the 31st. 38. Must I meet them at the station? No, you needn't. You are to wait for them here. 39. Someone will have to see her off. I shan't be able to do it.
8. Exercise XX, p. 122
1. You ought never to have married me, David. It was a great mistake. 2. I'm sorry. I shouldn't have said that. 3. You'd better stay at home. It looks like rain (raining). 4. I should have invited him too. 5. I think you ought to show more respect for your elders. 6. Morris said that if it was a duty it ought to be done. 7. You ought to be ashamed of yourself for using such wicked words. 8. She deserted me. She ought to pay for it. 9. You ought to have chosen a more suitable time to tell me. 10. When is he going back? How should I know? 11. It's his own fault. He ought to have divorced you when he could. 12. You should buy this dress. It suits you. 13. You'd better not go there alone. 14. Well, you were right. I shouldn't have done it that way. 15. Why didn't you come yesterday? You ought to have phoned me if you were busy. 16.1 wanted a copy of the letter, so I typed it twice. You needn't have typed it twice. You could have used a carbon. 17. You shouldn't have mentioned that in his presence. 18. You needn't phone her. She has already come. 19. You shouldn't spoil your eyes. Switch on the light. 20. You should speak to the manager once again before you go to London. 21. You'd better go and speak to him now while he is still here. 22. We'd better not tell Ann. She'd get angry. 23. He's a lawyer and he ought to know such things. 24. They must do as they are told. 25. You ought to make your own living. 26. You mustn't strike a match. The room is full of gas. 27. He said that I was not to/mustn't open the door. 28. Should she take up sports seriously? I think so. 29. You look tired. You should go out of town for the weekend. 30. You mustn't get up so early. You'll wake up everybody. 31. He said that we were to meet him at the station. 32.1 thought you ought to know about it. 33. They shouldn't allow parking here: the street is too narrow. 34. You have to wear a uniform on duty, don't you? 35. She said that I shouldn't have acted like that. 36. She should be told the news as soon as possible. 37. She should have been told the news a long time ago.
9. Exercise XXII, p. 153
1, Where's Tom? He may/might/could be in the library. 2.1 wonder why Bill isn't here. He may/might/could still be waiting for a bus. 3. Do you think the plane will be on time? I don't know. It may/might/could be delayed by fog. 4. He may/might not be driving the car himself. 5. I wonder how Tom learnt about Ann's engagement. He may/ might/could have heard it from John. 6. He may/might emigrate. 7. It's five o'clock. The meeting may/might/could have finished already; let's wait a little, he may/might come soon. 8. He may/might/could have seen her at the concert, but he may/might/could have been mistaken. He's too shortsighted. 9. He may/might/could have called on me yesterday, but I wasn't at home. 10. She may/might not have received our telegram. 11.1 thought if his watch was there, the money might/could be there too. 12. The TV set may/might/could have been repaired already and we may/might be able to see the film. 13. I may/might not be able to go to the concert today. 14. Victor and Helen aren't at home. They may/might/ could be in the pub. 15. It may/might rain towards evening. 16. They may/might not have been in the town yesterday. 17.1 may/might/could have been listening to music. I didn't hear the telephone ring. 18. He may/might not have noticed you, that's why he passed without greeting you. 19. She may/might/could have been hurt by your tone. You ought to/should be more tactful. 20. Don't take the book to the library; you may/might need it for your report. 21. She wasn't at the party. She may/might not have been invited. 22. Why isn't he here? He may/might not know how to get here. 23. She was afraid she might have forgotten to switch off the electric iron before she left the house. 24. They may/ might not have come yet. 25. He may/might not believe you. 26. He said that he might hire a car. 27. I knew that we might have to wait at the frontier. 28. Tom may/might lend me the money. 29. Do you think he may/might not be able to pay? 30. They may/might/could be working at the same problem. 31. Good news! I may be offered a job soon. I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday.
10. Exercise VI, p. 167
1. He has a house in London and another in Paris, so he must be rich. 2. I keep meeting him on the bus. He must live/must be living nearby. 3. He must have taken sleeping pills last night. He didn't wake up till lunch time. 4. What explosion? I didn't hear any. You must have heard it! The whole town heard it. 5.1 waited under the clock! So did I, but I didn't see you! We must have been waiting under different clocks. 6. There's a lot of noise from upstairs. It must be Tom. Why should it be Tom? Other people use that flat too. 7. You haven't eaten anything since morning. You must be hungry. 8. John has got married! You must be joking/kidding! 9. You must be tired after the journey. 10. I hear that your examinations are next week. You must be studying hard at the moment. 11. The phone rang but I didn't hear it. I must have been sleeping. 12. I made a lot of noise when I came home. You must have heard me. 13. I haven't seen Jim for ages. He must have gone away. 14. When I woke up this morning, the light was on. I must have forgotten to turn it off. 15. She knew about our plans. She must have overheard our conversation. 16. The letter must have been delivered in the morning. 17. Look! There's something lying on the table. He must have left a note for you. 18. She must be about twenty-five now. She was at school with my sister. 19. This article must have been written five years ago. 20. I did not see Jim but I knew he must be waiting somewhere. 21. What a wonderful TV set! It must have been expensive. 22.1 wonder who took the money. It must have been Tom. He's the only one who was there. 23. I waited about half an hour, and was just thinking that something must have happened to Kathy when she arrived in a taxi.
10. Exercise IX, p. 169
A. 1. Evidently the students didn't know (The students must have been unaware) that the timetable had been changed.
Nobody had told them. 2. He was surprised to hear that. He must have heard nothing of it before. 3. You must have been unjust to him. 4. Evidently, he didn't manage to persuade her to come with us. 5. He must have had no time for you so far. 6. They must have failed to meet him at the station. 7. He must have failed to recognize me, that's why he didn't come up to me. 8. You must have. made no attempt to do it, otherwise you wouldn't have said that it was easy. 9. The foreigner must have mispronounced the name of the dish, and the waiter brought him another dish. 10. Evidently you haven't been there for a long time. 11. She must have been told nothing about it. 12. They must have missed the train as they left the house too late. 13. He must have never guessed why we were laughing. 14. You must have put the key in the wrong place, so I couldn't get into the house. 15. They must have been misinformed. They were to have come today. 16. He must have had no chance to talk to her before. 17. You shouldn't be angry with him. Evidently he didn't want to hurt you. 18. There must be no one at home now. 19. Evidently she doesn't realize her error.
B. 1. It is not likely to rain tomorrow. 2. Evidently I shall be sent away on business. 3. He's sure to pass the exam. 4. He is not likely to wait for her arrival. 5. He is unlikely to finish the work by Friday. 6. She is sure to help you. 7. The director is not likely to receive her tomorrow. 8. She is not likely to take the child with her. 9. She is not likely to come. 10. It is sure to rain today. 11. Our team are not likely to win the match. 12. I am not likely to see Mary. I shan't probably be in Minsk at that time. 13. Could I talk to you tomorrow morning? I shall probably be busy in the morning. 14. He will probably try to get tickets for the cup game.
10. Exercise XIX, p. 174
1. Can/Could it be true? 2. It can't/couldn't be true. 3. Can/ Could they have lost the match? 4. They can't/couldn't have
lost the match. 5. Can/Could he believe that? 6. She can't/ couldn't have told you that. 7. She can't/couldn't have failed to tell you that. 8. He can't/couldn't have said that. 9. They can't/couldn't have finished the work. They started it only yesterday. 10. Can/Could they have quarrelled again? 11. He can't/ couldn't have got lost. He has been here several times.
12. Can/Could he have used the car during/in my absence?
13. Doesn't she like ballet? 14. Can/Could they have been waiting for us all this time? 15. They can't/couldn't be close friends. 16. He can't/couldn't have given up music. 17. She can't/couldn't have made a mistake. 18. Can/Could the sisters be so much alike? 19. He can't/couldn't have failed the exam. 20. You can't/ couldn't have got hungry. We had a good dinner two hours ago. 21. They can't/couldn't have arrived already. The train is to arrive at 7. 22. Hasn't he invited you to the wedding? 23. She can't/couldn't have been so foolish. 24. He can't/couldn't have failed to see it. 25. You can't/couldn't have been sent to me. I have nothing to do with this. 26. Can/Could he have seen them? 27. Where can/could he have seen them? 28. They can't/couldn't be waiting ; for us. 29. Can/Could they be waiting for us? 30. Who can/ could they be waiting for? 31. Can/Could you have written it yourself? 32. He can't/couldn't have been unaware of the danger. 33. Didn't he phone you yesterday? He said he was going to. 34. Kate is late. What can/could have happened to her? 35. The children are not at home. Where can/could they have gone?
10. Exercise XXXIV, p. 186
1. They must be speaking German, but I don't understand much. 2. It must have taken her a lot of time to get here. 3. He is not likely to object to our proposal. 4. The match is not likely to take place. 5. The accident must have happened due to his carelessness. 6. He must have failed to notice her leave the hall. 7. We must have been driving about an hour but the camp is nowhere to be seen. 8. He said that I must know her. I met her at the conferences. 9. Probably she
hadn't been sent an invitation card, that's why she didn't come. 10. His mother is in hospital again. She must be
seriously ill. 11. He must be waiting for us at the Institute.
12. He must have forgotten that he promised to come. 13. Pro-
bably he doesn't want to interfere. 14. He must have been sleeping for about three hours. 15. The parcel is likely to be sent before the fifth of July. 16. You must have never put on this dress. It's quite new. 17. They must have quarrelled. I haven't seen him at our house lately. 18. Where is Nick? He must have gone sightseeing. 19. She must be staying with her friends. She wrote that was going to spend her holiday with them. 20. Where is the letter? It must have been posted already. 21. He must have failed to recognize her. She has changed so much. 22. The goods must have been packed very carelessly. 23. They must have been informed about it some days ago. 24. She must have been glad to see you. 25. I don't see the documents anywhere. He must have taken them with him. 26. Probably it wasn't done in time. 27. It is quiet in the house. The children must be at school. 28. She has the most beautiful garden in the village. She must be proud of it. 29. She can't/couldn't have married him. She didn't use to like him. 30. Can/Could she have gone to the match? I thought she didn't like football. 31. Can/ Could you have been sleeping all this time? It's three o'clock already. 32. He can't/couldn't have left without asking permission. It isn't like him. 33. She can't/ couldn't have said that. She is always so tactful. 34. He must have already left. -
/He can't/couldn't have left without seeing me. 35. Can/Could he have received my letter already? 36. Can/Could he have failed to receive my letter? 37. They can't/couldn't be working in the garden now. It is raining heavily. 38. No, I don't believe it, she can't/couldn't have deceived me. 39. Your friends can't/couldn't have failed to help you. 40. Can/Could he have met her before? 41. Can/Could you be indifferent to politics? 42. He can't/couldn't have broken his promise. 43. They can't/couldn't have noticed us. We were rather far from them. 44. They can't/couldn't have failed to notice us. We were quite near. 45. Evidently he was not informed
that the meeting had been put off. 46. Evidently the figures haven't been checked. 47. He must have received our telegram and he may come tomorrow. 48. This book may/might have seemed boring to him, but he must have read it carefully as he remembers all the details. 49. He said that he might return in May. 50. If all the measures had been taken, this might not have happened. 51. Can/Could he have said that? He must have been very angry with you. 52. Probably my words didn't convince him. He went on arguing. 53. You needn't have gone there. They could/might have come themselves. 54. Can/Could you have believed them? They must have played a joke on you. 55. I can't understand why Ann didn't come to the meeting. She can't/ couldn't have forgotten about it; she must have fallen ill. 56. She can't/ couldn't have read this book in two days; she may/might/ could only have looked it through. 57. I can't/couldn't have lost the ticket, I might/may/could have put it into my bag.
58. He couldn't get the book, because the library was closed.
59. He can't/couldn't have got the book; the library was closed. 60. Where's the key? I don't know. Olga might/ could/may have taken it by mistake. She can't/couldn't have taken it. She had nothing in her hands when she was leaving. 61. He may/might not have been there yesterday. 62. Could/Can he have been there yesterday? 63. He can't/ couldn't have been there yesterday. 64. Can/Could he have failed to prove his point of view? 65.1 couldn't help thinking about it.
11. Exercise VII, p. 207
1. It's 5.30. The guests should/ought to be here soon. 2. I think you've understood what you have (are) to do. This homework shouldn't/oughtn't to take you too long. 3. Do you think Rita will pass the exam? Well, she should/ ought to pass it. She has studied hard. 4. Do you think Rita has passed the exam? She should/ought to have passed it. She has studied hard. 5. My question might/may puzzle you, but still I'd like to ask it. 6. He must have told them nothing
about it. 7. You should/ought to read your composition once again. There must be some mistakes there. 8. You shouldn't have talked to him like that. He might/could have been hurt. 9. The party ought to/should be interesting. The students have been preparing it for such a long time. 10. It's not funny at all. You ought to be more serious. 11. He should/ought to have received my letter. I sent it a week ago. 12. There is no answer. He may/might not have returned from work yet. 13. I could/ might have done it long ago if I had known that it was so urgent. 14. It's a story by O'Henry. It ought to/should be interesting. 15. There must be nobody there. 16. They can't/ couldn't have returned from the zoo. It's their first visit there and they may/might stay there for a long time. 17. They may/ might have been at the party but I didn't see them. 18. Where is my key? You must have lost it. I can't/couldn't have lost it. I may/might/could have left it in the pocket of my overcoat. 19. They were afraid that they might be asked why Tom hadn't come with them. 20. He can't/couldn't have cheated them, he is an honest man. 21. You shouldn't have bothered the professor. I could/might have given you all the necessary information. 22. He is her brother. He ought to/should know her address. 23. It's 10 a.m. They should/ought to have already arrived in London. 24. I'm to take this exam in a week. 25. Though it's a very unpleasant mission I feel I ought to tell you the truth. 26. She shouldn't have said such things in her child's presence. 27. I saw this book not long ago. It should/ought to be here, on the top shelf. 28. Do you think you'll come home late tonight? I don't think so. I should/ ought to be home at the usual time.
12. Exercise VI, p. 212
1. You might/could haven given your sister a present. Why didn't you? She was offended. 2. You might/could come on time. Why are you always late? 3. You might/could help me carry this heavy suitcase, Nick. 4. At last you have come! You might/could have come earlier, you knew I was ill. 5. You might/could have returned earlier and spent the evening
with the child. 6. You weren't all that busy. You might/ could have helped us. 7. He might/could do it for you. It isn't difficult for him. 8. You might/could be more polite to her. 9. You might/could have let me know that the meeting was put off. Why didn't you? 10. He might/could have said something in my favour. 11. She was worried. You might/ could have phoned her. 12. You might/could have waited for me five minutes. It isn't my fault that I was late. 13. I may/might as well be off. 14. I may/might just as well stay home. 15. The medicine didn't do me any good. I might as well have drunk water instead of it. 16.1 may/might as well wait a little. 17. I may/might as well send him a telegram. 18.1 didn't enjoy the outing at all. I might just as well have stayed in town.
13. Exercise VI, p. 219
1.1 will lend you my typewriter if you need it. 2. Would you like a cup of coffee? Thank you. I'd prefer a glass of tea. 3. Shall I buy this dictionary for you? I'll be at the bookshop tomorrow. I'd be much obliged to you. 4. Shall I call for your umbrella on the way home? Please do. 5. I'll look after your house while you are away. Thank you. That's very nice of you. 6. I'm going to the country tomorrow. Would you like to join me? Willingly. 7. Would you like to go to the theatre with me? I'd love to. 8. Shall I help you with your homework or will you manage yourself? 9. Shall I lay the table? Please do.
14. Exercise VI, p. 223
1. When we got into the car, he said, 'We could go for a drive now. There is a place near here I'd like to show you.'
2. I'd rather not tell you what I know about him. 3. I do not really want to go to the party. I'd rather stay at home and talk to my parents. 4. He would rather listen to others than talk himself. 5. He'd rather not leave yet. 6. I'd rather read the letter first. 7. What shall we do tonight? We could go
to "the cinema. Good idea. 8. How much shall I pay the porter? It's up to you to decide. 9. Shall we dine out today? I'd love to. 10. Where shall we stay in Moscow? We could stay at the Minsk hotel. It is a very good hotel and it is located in the centre of the city 11. Shall we go out of town on Sunday? I'd be delighted. 12. What shall we do now? Shall we watch TV? I'd rather go for a walk than watch TV. 13. I have bought tickets for the eight o'clock show. All right, where and when shall we meet? Outside the cinema at 7.40.
15. Exercise VI, p. 233
1.1 will do the work in time. I promise you. 2. I will make you work. 3. If you do it again I will punish you. 4. Stop swearing or I will call the police. 5. I will finish typing the documents even if I have to stay up the whole night. 6. I \ will certainly follow your advice. 7.1 won't leave until you listen to me. 8. He tried to explain himself but I wouldn't listen. 9. Fetch another piece of chalk. This chalk won't write. 10.1 tried to open the window but it wouldn't open. 11. This knife won't cut. 12. The pen won't write. 13. The kettle won't boil. 14. He made two or three attempts to strike his lighter, but it wouldn't work. 15.1 asked his wife what was wrong with his, but she wouldn't answer. 16.1 have paid my money and I will stay here. 17. He turned off the light but sleep would not come. 18.1 won't do what you ask me to do. 19. There is something wrong with her stomach but she won't consult a doctor. 20. We were hopefully looking at the sky but the sun wouldn't rise. 21. What's wrong? The key won't turn in the lock. 22. In spite of all our efforts the car wouldn't start.
16. Exercise IX, p. 239
1. He would spend most evenings playing chess. 2. He would often fall asleep with a book in his hands and spectacles on his nose. 3. After work he would wait for us at the bridge. 4. When I was a student, I would spend the weekends in the
library. 5. John is very fond of reading. He will sit for hours reading books. 6. In summer we would go to the forest to pick mushrooms and berries. 7. He will phone me late at night when I'm already sleeping.
17. Exercise III, p. 244
1. You shall not do it. Remember that! 2. You shall answer for what you did! 3. Don't worry. You shall get your money back. 4. Well, when we have found out anything you shall hear about it. 5. It can be done and it shall be done. 6. If you behave like that you shall be punished. 7. If you study hard you shall have a new bicycle. 8. You can work here. You shan't be disturbed. I will see to it. 9. You shall not be kept long. They will only check your documents. 10. You shall be sorry! 11. I'll be much obliged to you if you will wait for me.
18. Exercise V, p. 248
1. We might be late. I suggest that we should take a taxi.
2. My husband insists that we should spend our holiday in Paris. 3. My father demanded that I should give up smoking. 4. The doctor recommended that I should spend the summer at the seaside. 5. Mary suggested that we should buy a present for John who was soon leaving the firm. 6. My father agreed that I should take part in the trip. 7. After supper he suggested they should go to a movie but she refused. 8. They all agreed that something should be done about the boy. 9. He insisted that I should take a holiday. 10. Well, I thought it was too absurd that we should live next door and not speak. 11. It is important that you should mention it. 12. I'm sorry that you should think so badly of me. 13. It was strange that at her age she should be so indifferent to parties. 14. I was surprised that he should have failed the exam. 15. It is necessary that she should come earlier. 16. He was pleased that Kate should have called the child after him. 17. If it should rain, I'll stay at home. 18. Should she come, I'll let you know. 19. If anyone should call, tell them I'll be back by 5 o'clock.
Revision. Exercise XXVII, p. 285
I. He needn't be told (about it). 2. The weather is sure to be fine. 3. He hasn't brought the book, though he should have done it last week. 4. Didn't you become seasick? The sea was rough. 5. Should we wait for her? She may/might not come at all. 6. He asked if he could depend on me. 7. She will have to be X-rayed. 8. She is not likely to appreciate his kindness. She is so selfish! 9. He said that she was already grown up and she must/ought to help her mother. 10. I didn't have/ need to cook dinner. We are to dine at a restaurant today.
II. She knew what he must be feeling. 12. You may walk miles without seeing anyone. 13. His name is Dobson. You may/might have heard his name. 14. The door can't/couldn't have been left unlocked. I had locked it myself. 15. He suggested that the meeting should be held on Wednesday. 16. Would you mind waiting for a while? Your documents aren't ready yet. 17.1 can and I will learn it. 18. The telegram ought to reach him within two hours. 19. Many things may seem strange to you in a foreign country. 20. They may/ might not have been warned that their son is ill and his life is in danger. 21. Can/Could he have meant it? 22. It was hard to believe that the tourists had been able to climb such a high mountain. They must have been brave boys. 23. I am to see him on Tuesday night. 24. I didn't hear the car drive up. I must have been sleeping. 25. They should have kept him from taking such a foolish step. They shall be sorry about it. 26. You needn't have come. The meeting is cancelled/ called off. 27. I was eager to go to the mountains but I didn't dare to ask my parents' permission, as I knew that they wouldn't let me go. 28. Finally we decided that we shouldn't stay there any longer and that we should go to the mountains. 29. We needn't hurry. The train is delayed for two hours. 30. He said that he would have to leave in a few days but we wouldn't hear of it. 31. He was to have come by the five o'clock train. Can/Could he have missed it? How should I know? 32. I thought I ought to let you know about it. 33. You cannot go there by bus. 34. She can't/couldn't
have done it! 35. It is strange that he should have said it. 36. You might/could be more considerate to you sister. 37. There's nothing to do, so I may as well go to bed. 38. It is surprising that he should be so foolish! 39. He would often call on us. 40. You say you will not do it, but I say you shall (do it). 41. We must obey the laws. 42. You can't (mustn't) park in front of this gate. 43. If he says so it must be true. 44. Shall we go out for a walk? 45. They should be there by now. 46. This'll/must be our train. 47. The drawer will not open. 48. He left at 7.00. He ought to be here soon. 49. The students are not supposed to take the books out of the reading room. 50. When am I to come? 51. Not a cloud was to be seen. 52. They weren't at home when I came. Evidently they hadn't been expecting me. 53. Our football players are in good shape. They are sure/bound to win the match. 54. Why aren't you applauding? Evidently you don't like her singing. 55. The child won't eat anything. He may not be hungry. 56. They are close friends. She can't/couldn't have failed to help him. 57. Your son might have been more careful. He could have knocked down my child. 58. He might not have
