The problem confuses the students.
(a) It is a confusing problem.
The present participle conveys an active meaning. The noun it modifies does something. In (a): The noun "problem" does something; it "confuses." Thus it is described as a "confusing problem."
The students are confused by the problem.
(b) They are confused students.
The past participle conveys a passive meaning. In (b): The students are confused by something. Thus, they are described as "confused students."
I. Complete the sentences with the present or past participle.
eg The class bores the students. It's a boring class.
eg The students are bored by the class. They are bored students.
1. The game excites the people. It is an... game. 2. The people are excited by the game. They are... people. 3. The news surprised the man. It was... news. 4. The man was surprised by the news. It was a... man. 5. The child was frightened by the strange noise. The... child sought comfort from her father. 6. The strange noise frightened the child. It was a... sound. 7. The work exhausted the men. It was... work. 8. The men were exhausted. The... men sat down to rest under the shade of a tree. 9. The story amuses the children. It is an... story. 10. The children are amused by the story. They are... children. 11. Mike heard some bad news. The bad news depressed him. a) Mike is very sad. In other words, he is... b) The news made Mike feel sad. The news was... 12. Nancy's rude behaviour embarrassed her parents, a) Nancy's rude behaviour was... b) Nancy's parents were... 13. The nation's leader stole money. The scandal shocked the nation, a) It was a...scandal. b)The... nation soon replaced the leader. 14. I like to study sea life. The subject of marine biology fascinates me. a) I'm... by marine biology, b) Marine biology is a... subject.
II. Choose the correct form (-ing or-ed) of the words in brackets.
1. Don't bother to read that book. It's (boring, bored). 2. The students are (interesting, interested) in learning more about the subject. 3. Mrs Green doesn't explain things well. The students are (confusing, confused). 4. Have you heard the latest news? It's really (exciting, excited). 5.1 don't understand these directions. I'm (confusing, confused). 6. I read an (interesting, interested) article in the newspaper this morning. 7.1 heard some (surprising, surprised) news on the radio. 8. I'm (boring, bored). Let's do something. How about going to a movie? 9. Mr Sawyer bores me. I think he is a (boring, bored) person. 10. Mr Ball fascinates me. I think he is a (fascinating, fascinated) person. 11. Most young children are (fascinating, fascinated) by animals. 12. Young children think that animals are (fascinating, fascinated). 13.1 was very (embarrassing, embarrassed) yesterday when I spilled my drink on the dinner table. 14. That was an (embarrassing, embarrassed) experience. 15.1 read a (shocking, shocked) report
yesterday on the number of children who die from starvation in the world every day. I was really (shocking, shocked). 16. The children went to a circus. For them, the circus was (exciting, excited). The (exciting, excited) children jumped up and down.
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III. Complete the sentences with the present or past participle of the verbs in brackets.
1. The (steal) car was found in the woods. 2. Success in one's work is a (satisfy) experience. 3. The tiger was a (terrify) sight for the villagers. 4. The (terrify) villagers ran for their lives. 5.1 found myself in an (embarrass) situation last night. 6. A kid accidentally threw a ball at one of the school windows. Someone needs to repair the (break) window. 7. A (damage) earthquake occurred recently. 8. People are still in the process of repairing the many (damage) buildings and streets. 9. I elbowed my way through the (crowd) room. 10. No one lives in that (desert) house except a few ghosts. 11. The thief tried to open the (lock) cabinet. 12. The (injure) woman was put into an ambulance. 13.1 bought some (freeze) vegetables at the supermarket. 14. The (expect) event did not occur. 15. A (grow) child needs a (balance) diet. 16. There is an old saying: Let (sleep) dogs lie. 17. At present, the (lead) candidate in the senatorial race is Henry Moore. 18. Any (think) person knows that smoking is a destructive habit. 19.1 still have five more (require) courses to take. 20. (Pollute) water is not safe for drinking. 21.1 don't have any furniture of my own. Do you know where I can rent a (furnish) apartment? 22. No one may attend the lecture except (invite) guests. 23. The (suggest) remedy for the common cold is to rest and to drink plenty of fluids. 24. Because we have a (write) agreement, our landlord won't be able to raise our rent for two years. 25. (Experience) travellers pack lightly. They carry little more than necessities.
IV. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases.
eg Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?
Do you know the woman coming toward us? eg I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the
country.
I come from a city located in the southern part of the
country.
1. The man who is talking to John is from Korea. 2. The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting. 3. Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome. 4. The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. 5. The children who attend that school receive a good education. 6. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress. 7. The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood. 8. They live in a house that was built in 1890. 9. We have an apartment which overlooks the park. 10. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting? 11. Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page. 12. The conclusion which is presented in that book states that most of the automobiles which are produced by American industry have some defect. 13. The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary. 14. There is almost no end to the problems that face a head of state. 15. The psychologists who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries. 16. The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful. 17. David Keller, who is a young poet who is known for his sensitive interpretations of human relationships, has just published another volume of poems. 18. Any student who doesn't want to go on the trip should inform the office. 19. He read "The Old Man and the Sea", a novel which was written by Ernest Hemingway. 20. My uncle Elias, who is a restaurant owner, often buys fish and shellfish from boats that are docked at the local pier. Customers come from miles around to dine on a seafood feast that is considered to be the best in all of the northeastern United States. 21. The children attended a special movie program that consisted of cartoons that featured Donald Duck and Mickey Mouse.
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V. Complete the newspaper story about an earthquake in a city called Kitamo. Put in either an -ing form or an -ed form. Use these verbs: break, burn, cry, damage, fall, frighten, injure, smoke. (You have to use one of the verbs twice.)
There was an earthquake in the Kitamo region at ten o'clock yesterday morning. It lasted about a minute. Many buildings collapsed.... people ran into the streets. Many were injured by... bricks and stones. After the earthquake, buildings in many parts
of the city caught fire. The heat was so great that firemen could not get near many of the... buildings. Hundreds of people have died. The hospital is still standing, but there aren't enough beds for all the... people. Things look very bad in Kitamo now. There are hundreds of badly... houses, and those that caught fire are now just... ruins. The streets are covered with... glass, and... trees block the way. Everywhere there is the sound of... children.
Present participle and perfect participle (introducing an adverbial phrase)
I. Join the sentences using an -ing clause, as in the example.
eg I was sitting in the park. I was writing a letter. I was sitting in the park writing a letter.
1. The woman was driving along. She was listening to her car radio. 2. I arrived at the examination hall. I was feeling very nervous. 3. He came into the room. He was carrying a suitcase.
4. They were walking down the street. They were holding hands.
5. She was sitting in an armchair. She was reading a book. 6. Jill was lying on the bed. She was crying. 7.1 got home. I was feeling very tired. 8. The old man was walking along the street. He was talking to himself.
II. In these sentences one thing happens during another.
eg Jim was playing tennis. He hurt his arm. Jim hurt his arm playing tennis.
1. Ann was watching television. She fell asleep. 2. The man slipped. He was getting off the bus. 3. The boy was crossing the road. He was knocked over. 4. He fell off a ladder. He was changing a light bulb. 5. Dick burnt himself. He was cooking his dinner. 6. He broke a cup. He was doing the washing-up. 7. He ran out of petrol. He was driving to work. 8. She lost her keys. She was getting out of her car.
III. This time make sentences beginning Having...
eg We finished our work. We went home. Having finished our work, we went home.
1. We bought our tickets. Then we went into the theatre. 2. They had dinner. Then they continued on their journey. 3. She did all her shopping. Then she went for a cup of coffee. 4. I finished the washing up, then I sat down and watched TV. 5. He typed the letters, then he put them all in envelopes. 6. I did all the housework, then I went out for a walk. 7. He got out of bed, then he had a shower. 8. She locked all the doors, then she went to bed.
IV. Rephrase the sentences using an -ing clause, as in the examples.
eg Because she didn't want to miss the train, she ran all the way to the station.
Not wanting to miss the train, she ran all the way to the station, eg Because I had just eaten, I wasn't hungry. Having just eaten, I wasn't hungry.
1. Because she is a little deaf, she wears hearing-aid. 2. Because I don't like classical music, I didn't go to the concert. 3. Because she is rich, she can afford expensive holidays. 4. Because I had finished the book, I decided to take it back to the library. 5. Because they had gone to bed so late the night before, they felt quite tired the next day. 6. Because he had failed the exam the first time, he decided to take it again. 7. Because I didn't know his address, I couldn't contact him.
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V. A reporter has made some notes about afire on a passenger aircraft. Combine eachpair of sentences. Use the -ed form, -ing form or perfect-ing form.
eg The plane was delayed by technical problems. It took off one
hour late.
Delayed by technical problems, the plane took off one
hour late, eg The passengers saw smoke. They became alarmed.
Seeing smoke, the passengers became alarmed, eg The pilot had travelled only a short distance from Heathrow. He decided to turn back.
Having travelled only a short distance from Heathrow, the
pilot decided to turn back.
1. The airport fire service was warned by air traffic control. It prepared to fight a fire. 2. The passengers believed the aircraft was going to crash. Some of them shouted in panic. 3. The pilot brought the plane down safely. Then he felt very relieved. 4. Everyone was worried by the risk of fire. They hurried to get out. 5. The firemen used chemicals. They soon put out the fire. 6. Most of the passengers had had enough excitement for one day. They put off their journey.
VI. Complete the story in the Mudford Gazette about a girl who paints pictures. Put each verb in brackets into the -ing form or -ed form.
13-year-old Annabel Waites of Mudford has won first prize in a national art competition. Her (win) picture is a painting of Mudford Hill.
I talked to Annabel at her home in Embury Road. At the moment she has a (break) arm, which she got (play) netball. Fortunately it's her left arm, so she can still paint. Annabel usually listens to music while (paint). And she always paints (stand) up because she feels more comfortable that way. "I often feel very tired after (finish) a picture," she told me. "It takes a lot out of me."
Annabel was working on a half-(fmish) picture of horses in a field. And on the wall was a beautifully (draw) portrait of her dog Beezer. (Be) an animal lover, Annabel often paints pictures of animals. On another wall I noticed a picture of a lawn (cover) with (fall) leaves. (Encourage) by her success, Annabel hopes to make painting her career, although she knows it will not be easy. But (help) by her art teacher, Mrs Emma Goodenough of Portway School, she has developed an individual style.
Annabel has many other hobbies, and she often goes (skate) with her friends.
VII. Join each of the following pairs of sentences, using either a present participle eg knowing, a past participle eg known, or a perfect participle eg having known.
He got off his horse. He began searching for something on the ground.
Getting off his horse, he began searching...
I had seen photographs of the place. I had no desire to go there.
Having seen photographs of the place, I had no desire... The speaker refused to continue. He was infuriated by the interruptions. Infuriated by the interruptions, the speaker refused...
1. I knew that he was poor. I offered to pay his fare. 2. We barricaded the windows. We assembled in the hall. 3. She became tired of my complaints about the programme. She turned it off. 4. He found no one at home. He left the house in a bad temper. 5. She hoped to find the will. She searched everywhere. 6. He realized that he had missed the last train. He began to walk. 7. He was exhausted by his work. He threw himself on his bed. 8. He had spent all his money. He decided to go home and ask his father for a job. 9. He escaped from prison. He looked for a place where he could get food. 10. She didn't want to hear the story again. She had heard it all before. 11. She entered the room. She found them smoking. 12.1 turned on the light. I was astonished at what I saw.
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13. We visited the museum. We decided to have lunch in the park.
14. He offered to show us the way home. He thought we were lost.
15. She asked me to help her. She realized that she couldn't move it alone. 16. He fed the dog. He sat down to his own dinner. 17.1 have looked through the fashion magazines. I realize that my clothes are hopelessly out of date. 18. We were soaked to the skin. We eventually reached the station. 19. One day you will be sitting by the fire. You will remember this day. 20. I didn't like to sit down. I knew there were ants in the grass. 21. She believed that she could trust him absolutely. She gave him a blank cheque. 22.1 had heard that the caves were dangerous. I didn't like to go any further without a light.
I. Respond to the following using spend + time + -ing.
eg A: Do you ever work in the garden?
B: Yes. I spent all yesterday afternoon working in thegar-den.
Do you ever...
1. tidy up?
2. wash the coffee cups?
3. remove the empty bottles?
4. sweep up the broken glass?
5. empty the ashtrays?
6. clean your flat?
7. beat the carpets?
8. make the beds?
9. replace the broken bulbs?
10. apologize to the landlord?
11. tune the piano?
12. shake the mats?
13. take the dog for a walk?
14. pay your bills?
15. type?
16. write letters?
II. Complete the following.
eg We had a lot of fun... games at the picnic. We had a lot of fun playing games at the picnic.
1.1 have trouble... Mrs Maxwell when she speaks. She talks too fast. 2.1 spent five hours... my homework last night. 3. Martha is standing at the corner... for the bus. 4. Michael is sitting in class... notes. 5. Mrs Anderson is a commuter. Every work day, she spends almost two hours... to and from work. 6. It was a beautiful spring day. Dorothy was lying under a tree... to the birds sing. 7. We wasted our money... to that movie. It was very boring. 8. Joe spent all day... ready to leave on vacation. 9. Ted is an indecisive person. He has a hard time... up his mind about anything. 10. I wondered what the children were doing while I was gone. When I got home, I found them... TV. 11. When Mr Brown walked into the kitchen, he caught the children... some
candy even though he'd told them not to spoil their dinners. 12. A: My friend is going to Germany next month, but he doesn't speak German. What do you suppose he will have difficulty...? B: Well, he might have trouble... 13. A: Did you enjoy your trip to New York City? B: Very much. We had a good time... 14. A: This is your first semester at this school. Have you had any problems? B: Not really, but sometimes I have a hard time... 15. A: What did you do yesterday? B: I spent almost all day...
III. Make sentences from the given combinations.
eg have a difficult time + understand
I have a difficult time understanding the teacher's explanations in calculus.
1. have trouble + remember 2. stand (place) + wait 3. have a hard time + learn 4. sit (place) + think 5. have a good time + play 6. lie (place) + dream 7. have difficulty + find 8. have fun + sing and dance 9. find (someone) + study 10. spend (time) + chat 11. waste (money) + try 12. catch (someone) + take
Present participle (after verbs of perception)
I. In each of these situations you and a friend saw, heard or smelt something. This is what you said at the time:
1. Look! There's Ann! She's waiting for a bus. 2. Look! There's Sue! She's playing tennis. 3. Look! There's Tom! He's having a meal in that restaurant. 4. Listen! That's Bill. He's playing the guitar. 5.1 can smell something! The dinner's burning! 6. Look! There's Dave! He's talking to Charles. 7. Listen! Jack is snoring. 8. Listen! The dog is barking. 9. Look! Kate is dancing.
Later you tell someone what you saw, heard or smelt. eg We saw Ann waiting for d bus.
II. Answer these questions beginning in the way shown.
eg "Does Tom ever dance?" "I've never seen him dance (or dancing)!" eg "How do you know I came late?" "I heard you come in late."
1. "Does Ann ever smoke?" "I've never seen..." 2. "How do
you know the man took the money?" "I saw..." 3. "Did Jack lock the door?" "Yes, I heard..." 4. "Did the bell ring?" "I'm not sure. I didn't hear..." 5. "Does Tom ever swear (= use bad language)?" "I've never heard..." 6. "How do you know Ann can play the piano?" "I've heard..." 7. "Did Bill kick the dog?" "Yes, I saw..." 8. "Did the boy fall into the water?" "I didn't see..."
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III. Complete these sentences. Use one of the following verbs in the correct form.
ran explode burn slam sit open tell crawl
cry happen climb
1. Can you smell something...? 2. I saw the accident... 3. We listened to the old man... his story from beginning to end. 4. Listen! Can you hear a child...? 5. We watched the two men... across the garden,... a window and... through it into the house. 6. Everybody heard the bomb... It was a tremendous noise. 7. Oh! I can feel something... up my leg! It must be an insect. 8.1 heard someone... the door in the middle of the night. It woke me up. 9. We couldn't find Tom at first. In the end we found him... in the garden.
Have something done
I. In this exercise you have to answer the questions in the way shown.
eg "Did Ann make that dress herself?" "No, she had it made."
1. "Did you cut your hair yourself?" "No, I..." 2. "Did they paint the house themselves?" "No, they..." 3. "Did Jim cut down that tree himself?" "No,..." 4. "Did Sue repair the car herself?"! "No,..." 5. "Did you tune the piano yourself?" "No,..."
III. This time you have to complete the sentences. Use the words Jfn brackets.
eg We (the house/paint) at the moment.
We are having the house painted at the moment, eg (you/your hair/cut) last week?
Did you have your hair cut last week?
1. Your hair is too long. I think you should (it/cut). 2. How often (you/your car/service)? 3. The engine in Tom's car couldn't be repaired, so he had to (a new engine/fit) 4. (you/your newspaper (deliver) or do you go to the shop to buy it? 5. A: What are those workmen doing in your garden? B: Oh, I (a swimming pool/ build.). 6. Is it true that many years ago he (his portrait/paint) by a famous artist? 7. Are you going to (these shoes/repair) or shall I throw them away? 8. I must (my glasses/ mend). They keep falling off. 9. Where do you (your hair/do)?
III. Something unpleasant happened to each of these people last week. Make sentences using "have something done ".
eg Kate (her wallet/steal) from her bag while she was out shopping.
Kate had her wallet stolen from her bag while she was out shopping.
1. Peter (his flat/burgle) while he was out at work. 2. Mr and Mrs Woods (the roof of their house/damage) in a storm. 3. Lynne (the radio/ steal) from her car. 4. My brother (his nose/break) in a football match. 5. Fred (his hat/blow off) in the wind.
Self check
I. Supply an appropriate form for each verb in brackets.
1. Edward stood on the beach (look) out over the ocean. 2. Why don't you let him (make) up his mind? 3. Jean sat on a park bench (watch) the ducks (swim) in the pond. 4. Sara is going to spend next year (study) at a university in Japan. 5. The sad expression on his face made me (feel) sorry for him. 6.1 didn't know how to get to Harry's house, so I had him (draw) a map for me. 7. The little boy had a lot of trouble (convince) anyone that he had seen a mermaid. 8. The teacher had the class (open) their books to page 185. 9. It was a hot day and the work was hard. I could feel sweat (trickle) down my back. 10.1 had the brakes of my car (repair) at Morgan's Garage. 11.1 got my roommate (help) me (prepare) for my final exam in physics. 12. The soldier spent an hour (polish) his boots. 13. To please my daughter, I had her old bicycle (paint) bright red. 14. Many people think Mr Peel will win the election.
He has a good chance of (elect). 15. Mr Flynn is good at (tell) the difference between diamonds and cut glass. 16. I found a penny (lie) on the sidewalk. 17.1 was tired, so I just watched them (play) volleyball instead of (join) them. 18. You can lead a horse to water, but you can't make him (drink). 19.1 finally told him (be) quiet for a minute and (listen) to what I had to say. 20. You shouldn't let children (play) with matches. 21. Mary Beth suggested (go) on a picnic. 22.1 was terribly disappointed (discover) that he had lied to me. 23. I admit (be) a little nervous about the job interview. I don't know what (expect). 24. We sat in his kitchen (sip) very hot, strong tea and (eat) cheese. 25. When Shelley needed a passport photo, she had her picture (take) by a professional photographer. 26. If you hear any news, I want (tell) immediately. 27. He's at an awkward age. He's old enough (have) adult problems but too young (know) how (handle) them. 28. There's a great difference between (be) a freshman and (be) a senior. 29. My English is very good, but sometimes I have trouble (understand) lectures at school. 3() Let's (have) Ron and Maureen (join) us for dinner tonight, okay? 31.1 have finally collected enough information (begin) writing my thesis.
32. I don't see how she can possibly avoid (fail) the course.
33. Emily stopped her car (let) a black cat (ran) across the street.
34. He's a terrific soccer player! Did you see him (make) that last goal? 35. We spent the entire class period (talk) about the revolution. 36. The number of apartment houses (build) for the population of our city is rapidly growing. 37. What is the number of apartment houses (build) in the past few years? 38. She smiled (remember) the joke. 39. Isabel expected (admit) to the university, but she wasn't. 40. When Franko went to the barber shop (get) his hair (cut), he had his beard (trim), too. 41. (Enter) the hall you will see a staircase (lead) to the basement. 42. I hope you will write soon, (explain) your intention. 43. My children enjoy (allow) to stay up late when there's something special on TV. 44. We are looking forward to (take) on a tour of Athens by our Greek friends. 45. (See) so little of the country, I'm afraid I cannot give exhaustive answers to all your questions. 46. (Know) how fond he is of good music, I brought him a few records. 47. (Know) him from school, I have never heard anyone (speak) badly of him. 48. John admitted (surprise) by the unexpected birthday party last night. We had a lot of fun (plan) it. 49. Now I remember your (ask) me to bring sandwiches to the picnic. Your complaints about my (forget) things seem justified.
I'm sorry. 50 I wasn't tired enough (sleep) last night. For a long time, I just lay in bed (think) about my career and my future. 51. Art smelled something (burn). When he ran into the kitchen, he saw fire (come) out of the oven and panicked. 52. After I decided (have) a garage (build) next to the house, I hired a carpenter (do) the work. 53. Jeff applied to medical school many months ago. Now he's so concerned about (accept) into medical school that he's having a difficult time (concentrate) on the courses he's taking this term. 54. My son is playing in his first piano concert this evening. I'm looking forwardto (hear) him (play), but I know he's worried about (forget) the right notes and (make) a fool of himself. I told him (relax) and (enjoy) himself. 55. There's not much point (waste) a lot of time and energy on that project. It's likely (fail) no matter what we do. Spend your time (do) something more worthwhile. 56. (Ask) what he thought of the innovation, the engineer said he approved of it. 57. (Arrive) at the gallery, he paid his entrance fee, picked up a catalogue and entered. 58. Our house needs (clean). The floors need (sweep). The dishes need (wash). The furniture needs (dust). However, I think I'll read a book. (Read) is a lot more interesting than (do) housework. 59. He accepted the cut in salary without complaint because he was afraid (complain). He was afraid of (lose) his job. 60. Next time we go (house-hunt), remember (ask) the agent for clear directions. I wasted hours (look) for the last house. 61. Tom: Let's (go) for a swim. Ann: I'm not particularly keen on (swim). What about (go) for a drive instead? 62. After (spend) two days (argue) about where to go for their holidays, they decided (not go) anywhere. 63. He is talking about (give) up his job and (go) (live) in the country. 64. I was just about (leave) the office when the phone rang. It was my wife; she wanted me (call) at the butcher's on my way home. 65. He said, "I'm terribly sorry to (keep) you (wait) " I said, "It doesn't matter at all," but he went on (apologize) for nearly five minutes! 66. (Promise) assistance they felt more assured. 67. My father thinks I'm not capable of (earn) my own living, but I mean (show) him that he is wrong. 68. Tom: I can't get my car (start) on cold mornings. Jack: Have you tried (fill) the radiator with hot water? That sometimes helps. 69. We stopped once (buy) petrol and then we stopped again (ask) someone the way. 70. When I caught them (cheat) me, I stopped (buy) petrol there and started (deal) with your garage instead. 71. The people
(wait) for the doctor have been sitting here for a long time. 72. Do you feel like (dine) out or would you rather (have) dinner at home? I'd like (go) out. I always enjoy (have) dinner in a restaurant. 73. Your hair needs (cut). You'd better (have) it done tomorrow. 74.1 tried (convince) him that I was perfectly capable of (manage) on my own, but he insisted on (help) me. 75.1 always try (come) in quietly but they always hear me (go) upstairs. It's impossible (climb) an old wooden staircase without (make) a noise. 76. (Go) down the steps she suddenly stopped as she remembered that she had left the gas (burn) 77. He knows the language better than a foreigner usually does, (live) in France for a long time. 78. If you want the milkman (leave) you milk in the morning, remember (put) a milk bottle outside your door. 79. Mr Shaw is very busy (write) his memoirs. He is far too busy (receive) callers, so you'd better just (go) away. 80. Would you like me (turn) down the radio a bit? No, it's all right. I'm used to (work) with the radio on. 81. Would your children mind (keep) quiet fora moment? I'm trying (fill) in a form. It's no use (ask) children (keep) quiet. They can't help (make) a noise. 82. Let's (go) (fish) today. There's a nice wind. What about (come) with us, Ann? No, thanks. I'm very willing (cut) sandwiches for you but I've no intention of (waste) the afternoon (sit) in a boat (watch) you two (fish). 83. After (spend) a week in the cottage, he decided that he didn't really enjoy (live) in the country and began (think) of an excuse for (sell) the cottage and (return) to London. 84. Vegetables (grow) in hot-houses are not so rich in colour and taste as vegetables (grow) in natural surroundings. 85. She stayed (lock) in her room, (refuse) to come downstairs. 86. He had a good practical knowledge of the language, (work) as an interpreter for many years. 87. She never did a thing without (ask) somebody's advice.
II. Translate from Russian into English.
Participles as adjectives and adjectival phrases
1. , , . 2. . 3. , . 4. . 5. ,
, . 6. . 7. . 8. .
9. , , .
10. , , .
11. , , 6 . 12. , , , . 13. , , . 14. , . 15. , . 16. , . 17 , . 18. , . 19. , , 6 . 20. , . 21. . 22. , , , . 23. , , . 24. , , . 25. , , . 26. , , . 27. , , .
28. , , .
29. , , . 30. , , . 31. , . 32. , , . 33. ,
34. , , .
35. , , . 36. , , . 37. , , .
Participles introducing adverbial phrases
1 , .
2 , - . 3. , . 4. , . 5. , . 6. , . 7. , , . 8. , . 9. , , . 10. , . 11. , , . 12. , , , . 13. , , . 14. , . 15. . 16. , . 17. , . 18. , . 19. , , . 20. , . 21. , . 22. , . 23. , . 24. , . 25. , , . 26. , . 27. , . 28. , , . 29. , . 30. . 31. , . 32. , .
Participle after verbs of perception
1- , . 2. , . 3. , . 4. , - .
5. , . 6. , . 7. , . 8. , . 9. , . 10. , , . 11. , - .
Have something done
1. ? 2. . 3. , . 4. , . 5. . 6. ? . ? 100 . 7. , . 8. ? 9. ? 10. , , ? 11. ? 12. . 13. , . 14. .
