Упражнение 5-1. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий с помощью слов more, the most.
Model: important – more important – the most important
Carefully, comfortable, progressive, efficient, clearly, beautiful, difficult, beautifully, beautifully, regularly, prominent, brightly, especially, wonderful, realistic, remarkable, special, dependent, attentively.
Упражнение 5-2. Сравните:
The elephant's cage ………………………. the bear's cage (big),
The cow’s tail ………………………………the sheep's tail, (long)
The elephant………………………………. the giraffe, (short)
This parrot……………………………….. that parrot, (beautiful)
The tortoise……………………………….. the hare, (slow)
The dog…………………………………… the wolf, (clever)
The horse………………………………… the hare, (quick)
This food ………………………………… that food, (good)
This shop…………………………………. that shop, (bad)
This grass…………………………………. that grass, (nice)
Упражнение 5-3. Поставьте прилагательные в сравнительной или превосходной степени.
1. Moscow University is (large) University in Europe. 2. Strength of materials is (difficult) than chemistry. 3. Is it (interesting) to study at the institute than at school? 4. My friend works (hard) at his English than I. 5. My brother is (old) than I but he is (short). 6. The University is one of the (tall) buildings in Moscow. 7. Days in summer are (long) than in winter. 8. This group studies (good) than that one. 9. Oxford is (old) University in Britain
Упражнение 5-4. Образуйте:
А) прилагательные от следующих существительных с помощью суффиксов “able”, “ible”, “аl, “ic”, “fill”. Переведите прилагательные на русский язык.
Respect, response, nation, science, wonder, pay, care, advice, skill, comfort.
Б) наречия от следующих прилагательных и существительных. Переведите наречия на русский язык.
sad, successful, real, slow, usual, day, calm, bright, proud, firm, loud, happy, safe, dry, gradual, soft, brave, hour.
Unit 6. Сравнительные конструкции прилагательных.
Упражнение 6-1. Составьте предложения, используя сравнительную конструкцию as…as.
Model: This book, the other one, interesting. - This book is as interesting as the other one.
- Jane, Ann, charming. 2. He, I, tall. 3. Michael, his brother, strong. 4. Our car, their car, good. 5. This report, your report, interesting. 6. Her new hat, her skirt, becoming, 7. Your, job, his, essential. 8. The sitting room, the dining room, large. 9. The ice-cream, the cake, delicious. 10. His stories, his jokes, funny.
Упражнение 6-2. Составьте предложения, пользуясь сравнительной конструкцией not so...as.
Model: My mother, my father, tall. - My mother is not so tall as my father.
- The bus, the train, fast. 2. My flat, her flat, big. 3. His voice, Caruso’s, brilliant. 4. The pond, the river, deep. 5. Your typing, hers, fast. 6. This lecture, that lecture, interesting. 7. This hat, that hat, new. 8. His article, her article, long.
Упражнение 6-3. Переведите обороты в сравнительной степени согласно образцу:
The longer the nights, the shorter the days. - Чем длиннее ночи, тем короче дни.
1. The harder we study, the more we know. 2. The more you work, the better you know English. 3. The more we study nature, the more we know about it. 4. The nearer the earth is, the denser the atmosphere is. 5. The stronger the wind, the harder the conditions of work for weather observers. 6. The quicker we finish, the sooner we will go home.
Упражнение 6-4. Найдите в каждом ряду прилагательные в сравнительной степени и переведите их.
a)teacher, taller, thermometer, thinker;
b) worker, weather, worse, writer;
c)bomber, brother, brighter, barometer;
d)darker, driver, denser, dancer bigger, best, builder, better, father;
e) farther, foreigner, faster, earlier, easier, eater, engineer, compressor;
f)computer, colder, closer meter, mover, more, motor.
Упражнение 6-5. Подчеркните приставки. Переведите прилагательные на русский язык.
Ultraviolet, prehistoric, postwar, pre-capitalist, anti-aircraft, anti-imperialist, postwar.
Unit 7. Местоимение.
Упражнение 7-1. Заполните пропуски притяжательными местоимениями, соответствующими личным местоимениям, данным в скобках:
1)(He) … essay is very interesting. 2) (We) … daughter goes to school. 3) (You) … sister is very clever. 4)(they) … knowledge of the subject is very poor.5) (She) … name is Mag. 6) (I) … family lives in Leeds. 7) (She) … friends often visit her.
Упражнение 7-2. Употребите нужную форму личных местоимений.
1. We often see (they, them) in the bus. 2. He lives near (we, us). 3. (We, us) always go to school by bus. 4. Mr Black teaches (we, us) English. 5. She sits near (I, me) during the lesson. 6. I always speak to (he, him) in English. 7. What is the matter with (he, him) today? 8. He explains the lesson to (we, us) each morning. 9. There are some letters here for you and (I, me).
Упражнение 7-3. Выберите соответствующие местоимения.
А. 1. (We, us) all went with (their, them) to the dean’s office. 2. My friend came to see (I, me) last night. 3. Victor gave Peter and (I, me) a book and we went to the reading-room with (he, him) and his friend. 4. He told Mary and (me, I) to go with (he, him) and his sister. 5. They know all about my friend and (I, me). 6. I came to the Institute with Michael and (her, she). 7. An old man asked (we, us) to come and see (him, his). 8. Go with David and (her, she) to visit (they, them).
B. They invited me to (them, their) party. 2. He could not answer (his, her) teacher. 3. They were (your, you) former students. 4. You are (us, our) colleagues. 5. This is (my, me) brother. 6. Ann went to (his, her) room and put on (his, her) new dress because she was going to a dance given by (his, her) company. 7. Where is the dictionary? (He, it) is in (his, its) place on the table.
C. 1. Your dictionary is new, but (my, mine) is not. 2. She says that this dictionary is (her, hers). 3. You can do it without my help, but not without (theirs, their). 4. Will you help me to sort out the things? I cannot tell which are (your, yours) and which are (our, ours). 5. He is an old friend of (me, mine). 6. Do you know your lesson today? He does not know (him, his). 7. This is your notebook and this is his, but where is (her, hers)?
Упражнение 7-4. Переведите следующие производные слова согласно образцу:
a)глагол + -merit = существительное
to environ — окружать —» environment — окружение
to enrol — enrolment, to develop — development, to achieve — achievement, to move — movement;
b)прилагательное + -(i)ty = существительное
communal-общинный -» community — общность, содружество
social — общественный -» society — общество
active — activity, special — speciality, national — nationality, intensive — intensity, electric — electricity;
c)существительное + -ous = прилагательное
fame — слава, известность —> famous — знаменитый, известный
variety — various, number — numerous, monotony — monotonous;
Unit 8. Местоимение (продолжение)
Упражнение 8-1. Употребите нужную форму притяжательных местоимений.
1. Would you like to see some of (her, hers) poems? 2. (Their, theirs) knowledge of the subject is not much superior to… (our, ours). 3. You take care of (your, yours) things and I'll take care of (I mine). 4. All (our, ours) clothes were dirty, and (my; mine) especially so. 5. (Their, theirs) boat was faster than (our, ours). 6. I'm afraid they will take (your, yours) word against (her, hers). 7. (Their, theirs) home is pretty but (our, ours) is prettier.
4. Заполните пропуски указательными местоимениями this, that, these, those.
1. All... is very interesting. 2.... exercises are very easy. 3. … will do. 4. … room is very comfortable. 5. … is my English book. 6. Try one of.... 7. … are the TV sets of the latest type. 8. … books are over there on the table.
Упражнение 8-2. Заполните пропуски относительными местоимениями who, whom, which. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. The film... we saw last night was not good. 2. She is the girl... I saw at the party yesterday. 3. This is the kind of exercise... I like best. 4. Was it Helen... said that? 5. The book... I read last night was very interesting. 6. Is this the book... you lost? 7. The teacher with... I studied English last year no longer teaches in our school.
Упражнение 8-3. Переведите следующие производные слова согласно образцу:
префикс re- (повторность действия)
renew — обновлять, восстанавливать
renewal — восстановление
renewable — восстанавливаемый, восстанавливающийся
rebuild, remake, reuse, reorganize, reorganization.
Unit 9. Местоимения some и any.
Упражнение 9-1. Заполните пропуски местоимениями “some” or “any”.
1. Call... day you like. 2. Has... one seen my purse... where? 3. … one wants to speak to you on the phone, Tom. 4. I have... thing to say to you. 5. I have... letters for Mr. Brown. 6. Have you... letters for me? 7. No, I haven't... letters for you. 8. It is... distance to the station, so we must walk fast. 9. Would you like... Irish beer? 10. He has got a lot of money but he didn't give me....
Упражнение 9-2. Заполните пропуски местоимениями производными от “so” или “any”:
1.... opened the window again. 2. Have you heard... about the blockbuster? 3. The neighbours didn't see... coming into Mary’s flat.
Упражнение 9-3. Переведите предложения с союзами сравнения.
1.The bigger the cities are, the greater the pollution is. 2. The more computers and robots are used in industry, the quicker technological progress will be. 3. The more automobiles appear in the streets, the worse the air in the cities is. 4. The more effective is the technology, the quicker is the development of this country. 5. The quicker we join our efforts in protecting the environment, the quicker the ecological problems are solved.
Упражнение 9-4. Вставьте пропущенныеt much, many, little, a little, few, a few.
1. I’d like to say... words about my travelling. 2. She gave him... water to wash his hands and face. 3. He had... English books at home, so he had to go to the library. 4. After the lesson everybody felt... tired. 5. Let’s stay here... longer. I like it here. 6. There were... new words in the text and Peter spent... time learning them. 7. There was... sugar in the bowl, and we had to put... sugar there. 8. My mother knows German... and she can help you with the translation of this text. 9. When we walked... farther down the road we met another group of pupils. 10. Have you got... time before the lesson?
Упражнение 9-5. Определите по суффиксу, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова:
administration, gradual, electric, intensively, practical, dramatic, integral, specific, operation, illumination, naturally, identical, organization, originally, arctic, technical, acceleration.
Unit 10. Местоимения much, many, little, few.
Упражнение 10-1. На пропущенные позиции вставьте much, many, little, a little, few, a few.
1. I’d like to say... words about my travelling. 2. She gave him... water to wash his hands and face. 3. He had... English books at home, so he had to go to the library. 4. After the lesson everybody felt... tired. 5. Let’s stay here... longer. I like it here. 6. There were... new words in the text and Peter spent... time learning them. 7. There was... sugar in the bowl, and we had to put... sugar there. 8. My mother knows German... and she can help you with the translation of this text. 9. When we walked... farther down the road we met another group of pupils. 10. Have you got... time before the lesson?
Упражнение 10-2. Заполните пропуски much or many.
1. Please don’t ask me... questions. 2. How... money have you got? 3.1 never eat... bread with soup. 4. Why did you eat so... ice-cream? 5. She wrote us... letters from the country. 6.... of these students don’t like to look up words in the dictionary. 7.... in this work was too difficult for me. 8. He spent... time writing his composition in Literature. 9. There were... plates on the table. 10. Thank you very...! 11.... of my friends are preparing for their entrance examinations now. 12.1 don’t like... sugar in my tea.
Упражнение 10-3. Переведите на английский:
1. В стакане есть немного молока. 2. В тетради осталось мало чистых страниц. 3. У тебя много кофе? — Нет, очень мало. 4. Немногие из англичан говорят по-русски. 5. У них здесь очень мало друзей. 6. У него очень мало времени для чтения. 7. У Петра много русских книг и мало английских книг. 8. У меня есть немного времени вечером, чтобы закончить эту работу. 9. Я провожу много времени в библиотеке, потому что я готовлюсь к экзаменам.
Unit 11. Оборот there is/are:
Упражнение 11-1. Заполните пропуски правильной формой оборота there is/are.
1. There... a telegram on the table. 2.... there any telegrams from Moscow? Yes, there... some. 3.... there a flight for Moscow tomorrow? Yes, there.... 4. There... much snow last winter. 5. There... a lot of stars and planets in space. 6.... there a lift in your future house? Yes, there …. 7. Some years ago there... many old houses in our street. 8.... there any lectures yesterday? No, there.... 9.... there a lamp over the table? Yes, there.... 10.... there any interesting stories in this book? 11.... there a test last lesson? No, there.... 12. Soon there... a new film on.
Упражнение 11-2. Переведите следующие предложения и задайте к ним общий вопрос:
1. There are some new pupils in our group. 2. There is no book on the table. 3. There were many old houses in our street. 4. There are 4 seasons in a year. 5. There will be a conference next week. 6. There are many large cities in our country. 7. There was nobody in the room. 8. There are 7 days in a week. 9. There is something on the shelf. 10. There are many places of interest in London. 11. There are many beautiful flowers in our garden. 12. There was much work last week.
Упражнение 11-3. Перепишите следующие предложения в Past Indefinite и Future Indefinite, переведите их на русский язык:
1.There is much snow in winter. 2. There are 4 theatres in our city. 3. There is no lift in our house. 4. There are many new books in our library. 5. There is little milk in the bottle. 6. There are 3 rooms in our flat. 7. There is a map on the wall.
Unit 12. Основные типы вопросов в английском языке:
Упражнение 12-1. Прочитайте следующие вопросы и переведите:
1. She is a student. Is she a student? Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t. 2. He speaks English well. Does he speak English well? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 3. They have many books. Have they many books? Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. 4. The weather was fine yesterday. Was the weather fine yesterday? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn’t. 5. We saw a new film yesterday. Did we see a new film yesterday? Yes, we did. / No, we didn’t. 6. You can read well. Can you read well? Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. 7. There will be five lessons tomorrow. Will there be five lessons tomorrow? Yes, there will. / No, there will not (won’t).
Упражнение 12-2.Задйте к следующим предложениям вопросы общие; специальные; разделительные:
1. There is a book on the table. 2. He must work hard today. 3. We are leaving for Moscow next week. 4. We were reading the whole evening. 5. They don’t go to work on Sunday. 6. It is not cold today. 7. Ann has already begun to read a new book. 8. We learn English at school. 9. They will show you how to get there. 10. They finished the translation before the end of the lesson. 11. I didn’t feel well that evening. 12. It wasn’t difficult to do this task.
Упражнения 12-3. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения:
1. Our family lives in a three-room flat. — Does your family live in a three-room flat or in a house? — It lives in a three-room flat. 2. They went to the same school. — Did they go to the same school or to different schools? — They went to the same school. 3. He will read this book tomorrow. — Will he read this text tomorrow or next week? — He will read it tomorrow. 4. They are playing chess now. — Are they playing chess or cards now? — They are playing chess. 5. Our teacher has told us to write. — Has our teacher told us to write or to read? — He has told us to write.
Упражнение 12-4. Задайте альтернативные вопросы к следующим предложениям:
1.Our teacher knows several foreign languages. 2. He has graduated from our University last year. 3. We shall go to Samara next week. 4. They are working in our garden. 5. I have just read this book. 6. I took this book from my friend. 7. He likes reading books. 8. She has many relatives abroad. 9. They were in many countries. 10. Russia is the largest country in the world.
Unit 13. Глаголы to be, to have в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени
Упражнение 13-1. Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол to be в нужную форму.
1. The biggest research centre in Russia (to be) the Academy of Sciences of Russia. 2. Every student (to be) interested in this problem last year. 3. They (to be) at the plant tomorrow. 4. We (to be) in the workshop now. 5. In April 1984 21.5 percent of young people under 25 (to be) unemployed in England. 6. You (to be) in the chemical laboratory a week ago? — No, we (not to be). We (to be) there only the day after tomorrow.
Упражнение 13-2. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола.
1. I... at home now. I... in my room. My room... small. I... at the desk. The desk... large. It... black. I... ready to begin my work. The work... not easy. 2. He... at the University yesterday. He... at an English lesson. She... also at the same English lesson. They... in the classroom. The lesson... not over. 3. They... not ready now. Their work... not easy. Soon they... ready. 4. The teacher... at the University today. She... in the classroom. Yesterday she... not at the University. She... at home. 5. We... in the man’s house last week. The man... not at home. His children... at home. 6. Our task... over tomorrow. We... not be late. 7. The boy... in the next room. The girls... also in the next room. They... at their desks. 8. She... a good girl. Her manners... nice. She... young. Next year she... a teacher of English.
Упражнение 13-3. Заполните пропуски глаголами to be, to have в соответствующем времени.
1.Moscow... the capital of Russia. 2. There... many institutes in Moscow. 3. The oldest of them... Moscow University. 4. Our University... one of the oldest technological institutes in this country. 5. It... founded in 1830. 6. It... old and new buildings. 7. There... laboratories, workshops and libraries in our institute. 8. Every faculty... its own computer center. 9. Our library... a great number of books and magazines in all branches of science and technology. 10. Last year we... at school, next year we... the second year students. 11. We... industrial training in the third year.
Упражнение 13-4. Заполните пропуски в следующих предложениях.
1. The higher technical school has a daytime and an evening departments. There is... school. 2. The school has three faculties. There are... school. 3. This system of education had some advantages.... some advantages in this system of education. 4. We have many laboratories at the Institute. There... at the Institute. 5. Our country has many branches of industry. There are... our country. 6. We’ll have a great number of specialists and engineers in this field in our country. There... in this field in our country.
Упражнение 13-5. Назовите глаголы, от которых образованы следующие существительные, и переведите их.
advancement (продвижение вперед, прогресс), investment (капиталовложение), measurement (измерение), achievement (достижение), improvement (улучшение), fulfillment (выполнение).
Unit 14. Порядок слов в английском предложении. Структура предложения.
Упражнение 14-1. Составьте предложения из данных слов:
1) With, many, a host, of, the help, tame, of computers, incurable, can, we, of many. 2) bases, allow, data, to, electronic, large, companies, ticket, check, availability. 3) need, line, stand, don’t, in, you. 4) a few, validates, the card, seconds, in, computer. 5) your car, a collection, in, chips, of 7 controls, timing, plug, spark. 6) complex/the technology/growing/more/keeps.7)then/now/positive/to think/every/worthwhile/of/is/it/the computers/and. 8) for/always/as/I/a boy/a stopwatch/had/wanted/never/the money/want/but.9) into/a/a/a/wrong/spell-checker/right/program/word/correct/one. 10) into/turn/a button/squeeze/end/will/it/a stopwatch.
Упражнение 14-2. Составьте предложения из следующих слов, руководствуясь правилами порядка слов в английском предложении.
1. Work, leading scientists, at this problem, now. 2. New, factories, construction, of, will continue. 3. Soviet, major, an industry, auto-making, is, at present. 4. Became, main, the material, metal, the engineer, of. 5. A great number, the plant, engines, of, produces.
Упражнение 14-3. Составьте предложения из следующих слов, руководствуясь правилами порядка слов в английском предложении.
1) Is, best, she, friend, my. 2) Learn, different, students, our, subjects.3) The, is, Russia, the, in, country, largest, world. 4) In, the, we, city, live, a, flat, in, of, center, the. 5) Reading, is, my, of, best, son’s, fond, friend.
Упражнение 14-4. Составьте предложения из следующих слов в соответствии с порядком слов в английском предложении.
1.has, buildings, our, several, institute. 2. subjects, students, many, the first-year, study. 3. the third-year, had, last, students, training, industrial, summer. 4. carry out, students, practical, work, in, laboratories, well-equipped. 5. problems, many, scientists, important, solve, our. 6. texts, difficult, Finnbow, technical, translated. 7. his, will, the teacher, translation, correct. 8. next, dean, a lecture, deliver, our, week, will. 9. students, more, institutes, last, entered, a million, than, year.
Упражнение 14-5. Составьте предложения с оборотом there is/there are, пользуясь следующими словами.
1. Moscow, in, scientific, were, there, many, workers, year, last. 2. 31 polytechnics, are, in, there, the United Kingdom. 3. Scotland, are, in, universities, 8, there.4. England, are, in, and, 35, universities, there, Wales. 5. Northern Ireland, 2, there, universities, are. 6. System, education, the, is, United States, there, no, national, of, in. 7. 19, in, there, universities, are, Canada. 8. Are, private, there, 4, Canada, in, universities.
Упражнение 14-6. Расставьте слова в нужном порядке, чтобы получилось предложение.
1. were, pale, they, men, faces, big, with. 2. New Zealand, were, from, the eight men, divers. 3. to clear, the harbour, was brought, of its wrecks, the team, to, Rangoon. 4. these, refugees, a lot, of, ships, had boarded. 5. climbed, of, the ship, hole, in, the side, I, through, one. 6. the compartment, the lamp, next, just, in, is being fixed. 7. appeared, the porter's, in, the doorway, face, smiling. 8. a few, words, I, to say, companion, was eager, my, to. 9. was born, of, Mark Twain, a lawyer, in, small town, the family, in 1835. 10. in, he, a printshop, began, home, his, to work, town, at. 11. a number, this, was followed, of, by, story, stories, short, novels, and.
Unit 15. Предлоги
Упражнение 15-1. Заполните пропуски предлогами in, at, on, to, into, under, near.
1. We live... Moscow. 2. I get up... seven o’clock and leave... eight. 3. I usually walk... the institute. 4. There are three rooms... our flat. 5. There is a picture... the wall and a small table... the picture. 6. He comes... the room and sits down... the chair... the table. 7.... the evening we watch TV or read books. 8. We do not study... Sunday. 9. There are several newspapers... the table. 10. The accident happened... the bridge.
Упражнение 15-2. Определите, чем выражено подлежащее каждого предложения, переведите.
1. After the international conference on ecology it has become possible to begin working at environmental problems on a global scale. 2. Some scientists and engineers are working at improving traditional production processes, others are developing new tech-nologies. 3. The new instruments will enable us to determine the level of pollution in our rivers. 4. Our technological advances make it possible to deal with the most difficult problems. 5. Our lecturer’s book on strength of materials is well-known and popular. 6. One must study six years to become an engineer. 7. There is a big library in the new building of our institute. It is a very good library. One may get all the necessary books there and it is possible to keep them till the end of the academic year. 8. It is well-known that technological progress is impossible without electronics, computers, robots and new materials. 9. That ecological problems have become the most important ones at present is evident to all. 10. What is necessary for the students is to get a good qualification. 11. That S.P. Korolyev was the founder of practical cosmonautics is a well- known fact. 12. That theory is combined with practical training is a very good tradition of our educational system. 13. That it is necessary to develop an international ecological program is realized throughout the world.
Упражнение 15-3. Обратите внимание на перевод предлога by в предложениях.
1. Ву 3 o’clock I shall be free and go with you to the library. 2. By the end of the second year we shall have finished studying the main engineering subjects. 3. By the beginning of the lecture the laboratory assistant had brought all the necessary diagrams. 4. By the year 2010 cable television will have been used more widely. 5. By the summer of 1945 World War II had been over.
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Упражнение 15-4. Найдите сказуемое в каждом предложении, переведите.
1. The electronic industry produces several types of minicomputers. 2. The air in many cities has been polluted by traffic and industry. 3. The lecture on environment protection was very inte-resting. 4. Mankind has never experienced changes in life and work on such a scale. 5. The task of the world community is to improve I he ecological situation in the world. 6. In six years we shall become engineers. 7. It is possible to take measures to protect environment on a global level by the joint efforts of all countries. 8. Professor N. is the dean of our faculty. 9. The important feature of our education is that it combines theory with practical training. 10. The main tendency of our life is that computers are being used in all spheres of technology, science and everyday life. 11. The essential feature in environment protection is that most of it is done by public initiative. 12. What is necessary today is that the protection of global natural resources must be planned. 13. Today one of the most important problems is that big cities are polluted.
Unit 16. Простое настоящее время (Present Simple)
Упражнение 16-1. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Simple.
1.He always (prepare) his homework carefully. 2. We always (play) tennis on Saturdays. 3.She (speak) several foreign languages. 4. The children (play) in the park every afternoon. 5. Helen (work) very hard. 6. They (take) a lot of trips together. 7. We always (travel) by car. 8. I (eat) lunch in the cafeteria every day.
Упражнение 16-2. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах.
1.He knows French perfectly. 2.I understand everything he says. 3.She makes mistakes in spelling. 4. They enjoy their English lessons. 5. They live in Manchester. 6.We use our books in class. 7. The plane leaves at ten o’clock. 8. She always comes to class late. 9. I always take the same bus to work. 10. The weather is generally good at this time of the year. 11.He puts the chairs round the table. 12. Mary gives each person a souvenir.13. He gets up early on Sundays. 14. She attends lectures regularly 15. They go to Lille every week. 16. They walk around the campus every evening. 17. She gets acquainted with the new friends very easily.
Упражнение 16-3. 3. Образуйте повелительное наклонение и его отрицательную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. (Give) this to John. 2. (Open) the door. 3. (Close) the door.4. (Telephone) him in the morning. 5. (Let) him talk with her. 6. (Turn) the light. 7. (Leave) your hat on the chair. 8. (Lend) me a pencil. 9. (Help) him with his homework.
Упражнение 16-4. Преобразуйте следующие предложения, поставив подлежащее в единственное число.
1.The students study the language twice a week. They read the texts, answer the questions and write exercises. 2. The students go to class every day. The classes begin at 9 o'clock. The students stay at the University till 5 o'clock. After that they go home. 3. Every morning at breakfast the boys sit facing each other, they have their ham-and-eggs and cheese, they drink coffee and listen to the 8 o'clock news. 4. Our friends leave for St. Petersburg today and arrive there late in the evening. They spend several days there every year, visit museums, theatres and walk round this beautiful city.
Упражнение 16-5. Преобразуйте следующие предложения, поставив подлежащее в единственное число.
1. They show us New Year postcards. 2. My neighbours make fence around their house. 3. They publish their books in the Central Publishing House. 4. Passengers fill in the form and go through the customers. 5. There are usually a lot of people in Hyde Park. They sit on the bench, stand, talk, listen to speakers.
Упражнение 16-6. Переведите следующие предложения.
1.Му father reads books every day. 2. She lives in Lidds, she doesn't live in Manchester. 3. Does your father go to work every day? - No, he does not. 4. My father does not have supper at 9 p.m. 5. Does she go to school? - No, she doesn't. 6. Who helps your mother? -I do.7. This old woman doesn't go shop-ping very often.8. He likes milk. He doesn't like coffee. 9. What does your friend do after school? He usually has dinner after school. 10. Do you read English books? - Yes, I do. 11. The little girl doesn't play the piano. 12. Does Al play football? - Yes, he does. 13. When does your mother come home from work? She comes home at 6 p.m.14. How many lessons does she have every day? She has 5 or 6 lessons every day.15. Does she live in Park Lane? - No, she doesn't.
Unit 17. Простое прошедшее время (Past Simple). Правильные и неправильные глаголы.
Упражнение 17-1. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках в Past Indefinite.
1. I (listen) to the radio until twelve o'clock last night. 2. He always (want) to learn English. 3. Ann and I (talk) over the telephone yesterday. 4. The meeting (last) about two hours. 5. I (wait) almost two hours for Helen yesterday. 6. She (study) in our class last semester. 7. We (watch) television until eleven o'clock last night.
Упражнение 17-2. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past Indefinite.
1. Не made some mistakes in spelling. 2. They have some pretty dresses in that store. 3. The teacher taught us some important rules of grammar. 4.We learned some new words in class yesterday.5.There are some flowers in the yellow vase. 6. The doctor gave her some pills to take. 7.I bought some stamps at the post-office. 8. He told us about some of his experiences.
Упражнение 17-3. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах.
1. They stayed in Moscow all summer. 2. She planned her work. 3. The crowd waited a long time to see the famous actor. 4. He worked in that Institute for many years. 5. We arrived home late. 6. He entered class in April. 7. Ann passed all her examinations. 8. The meeting lasted for a long time. 9. They travelled there by train. 10. She decided to write a letter to her parents at home.
Упражнение 17-4. Раскройте скобки:
1. We (to write) this letter last week. 2. They (to go) to the stadium yesterday. 3. Jane (to type) three letters yesterday. 4. I (not see) Jane last week. 5. She (not be) at home when I (to come). 6. You (to go) to London last year? 7. When you (to start) school? 8. I (to go) to school when I (to be) six. 9. When you (to be born)? 10. Why you (not to come) (to see) us yesterday? 11. Where you (to be) last week?
Упражнение 17-5. Переведите следующие предложения:
1. Last summer we lived in Wales.2. She went to school by bus yesterday.3. They didn't have an English lesson yesterday. 4. You didn't come home in time. 5. Did you have supper at 7 o'clock? - Yes, I did. I had my breakfast at 8 o'clock. 6. Did you walk or take a bus? -I took a bus. 7. What did you see at the Zoo yesterday? -I saw a polar bear. 8. When did the math lesson begin? - It began at 10 o'clock. 9. What did you do on Sunday? - We stayed at home. 10.Who sang songs yesterday? - The girls did. The girls sang songs yesterday. 11.They went for a walk in the afternoon. 12. Did it rain yesterday? - Yes, it did. It rained yesterday.13. She didn't take her daughter to the concert.
Упражнение 17-6. Перепишите текст в прошедшем времени.
Не gets at seven o’clock. He washes his face, cleans his teeth and combs. He goes to the kitchen and has his breakfast. For breakfast he has a cup of coffee and cheese. When the breakfast is over, he goes to the office. He takes a bus to get to his work. At the office he works till two o’clock. At two o’clock he has dinner. He finishes his work at seven o’clock in the evening. He decides to walk a little after his working day. He returns home at nine. He doesn’t want have supper, he only drinks tea. Suddenly he remembers that he has to phone his friend. He dials the numbers that he has to phone his friend. He dials the number but nobody answers. His friend is not at home. He goes to his room and decides to watch TV. When the TV programme is over, he sleeps.
Unit 18. Будущее простое время (Future Simple)
Упражнение 18-1. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму:
1. He will speak to you tomorrow. 2. She will give you this book. 3. We shall see him on Sunday. 4. I shall finish school in a year.
Упражнение 18-2. Раскройте скобки, употребив Future Simple
1. Helen (find) the book which you need. 2. They (see) us tomorrow. 3. I (finish) the work in April. 4. The shops (close) at noon today. 5. We (arrive) at three o'clock. 6. She (tell) you all about it. 7. We (spend) two months in the South.8. The plant (die) because of lack of sunshine. 9. The meeting (begin) at eight o'clock. 10. The film (last) an hour.
Упражнение 18-3. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах.
Model: They will arrive at three o'clock. Will they arrive at I o'clock? They won't arrive at three o'clock.
1. These exercises will be easy for you. 2. He will be able to meet us later. 3. Our drama society will present a new play this year. 4. The lesson will be over at twelve o'clock. 5. There will be three new students in the class. 6. She will leave a message on the table for him. 7. They will write to us on Wednesday. 8. We shall take the children to the park.
Упражнение 18-4. Ответьте на следующие вопросы утвердительно или отрицательно в краткой форме.
Model: Will you stay here for some time? -Yes, we shall. (No shan't).
1. Will you go to the cinema this Sunday? 2. Will you go to the camp this summer? 3. Will your friend have an English lesson tomorrow? 4. Will your parents have a holiday in summer? 5. Will you watch TV every day?
Упражнение 18-5. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам:
1.You will find George at home (3). 2. They will go to the cinema after classes (4). 3. You will find his photograph on the table (4). 4. The police will find the burglar (3). 5. They will hurry home after classes (4). 6. Our lecture will start at 11 o’clock (3).
Упражнение 18-6. Раскройте скобки:
1. When you (to come) home? 2. He (to go) (to see) his parents on Sunday. 3. (Not to go) to the supermarket in the evening. There (to be) a lot of people there. 4. You (to be) at home at six o’clock? 5. She (to earn) more than two thousand dollars. 6. When you (help) us (to translate) this article?
Unit 19. Настоящее длительное время Present Continuous
Упражнение 19-1. Проанализируйте времена сказуемого в следующих предложениях,
1. The students are translating the sentences from English into Russian now. 2. The teacher is listening to them. 3. You are making a lot of mistakes in your answer. 4. You are always talking at the lessons. 5. We are leaving for Moscow tomorrow. 6. The economic situation is bad and| is getting worse.
Упражнение 19-2. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Continuous.
1.I see that you (wear) your new suit today. 2. Listen! Someone (knock) at the door. 3. The bus (stop) for us now. 4. Please, be quiet! The baby (sleep). 5. The leaves (begin) to fall from the trees. 6. John (have) lunch in the cafeteria now. 7. Listen! I think the telephone (ring). 8. Ann seems to be very busy. I guess she (prepare) her English lesson.
Упражнение 19-3. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы:
1. Janet Snow is in a street in New York. 2. She is in a taxi now. 3. The taxi is going to Kennedy airport. 4. The plane is coming from London. 5. George King is speaking to a clerk. 6. I am going to London. 7. We are on the plane. 8. We are going to New York.
Упражнение 19-4. Составьте предложения, пользуясь словами и выражениями из таблицы.
| Her friend | are watching | a letter |
| They | is writing | on the telephone |
| I | are listening to | the latest news on the radio |
| You | am reading | the TV programme |
| We | is speaking _ St _____________ | an exercise |
Упражнение 19-5. Поставьте вопросы и ответьте на них.
Model: Open the text-book. - What are you doing? -1 am opening the book.
1. Read the text. 2. Count the chairs. 3. Take the pencil from neighbour. 4. Shut the door. 5. Leave the classroom. 6. Say the dialogue phrase. 7. Drill the exercise. 8. Hang the map. 9. Go to the blackboard. 10. Eat the soup.
Unit 20. Настоящее совершенное время (Present Perfect)
Упражнение 20-1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в форме Present Perfect:
1. I (to be) in London this year. 2. We (to see) this film before.3. He (not to meet) his parents. 4. She (to hear) this music before. 5. I (to write) a new book this month.6. They (not to finish) their work yet. 7. Alan (not to have) his breakfast. 8. Cathy (not to get) up yet. 9. Martin (not to wash) up yet. 10. We (not to tell) him the truth. 11. You (to mention) my name? 12. Your mother already (to come)? 13. Where Martin (to go)? 14. Why John (to take) this book? 15. Jane (to be) at the theatre this week?
Упражнение 20-2. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present Perfect:
1) I (to speak) to him about it several times. 2) We (to learn) many new words in this course. 3) I (to make) the same mistake several times.4) I (to hear) that story before.5. I am afraid that I (to lose) my car keys. 6. She (to see) this film three times. 7. I (to tell) John what you said. 8. She (to return) my book at last. 9. She says that she (to lose) her new pocket-book.
Упражнение 20-3. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы:
1. He has bought a new bike. 2. I’ve sent a letter to my friend. 3. She has made a very bad mistake.4. The children have gone to bed. 5. I have seen a mouse in the kitchen. 6. We’ve met our business partners. 7. I’ve lost my student identity card.8. They have cleaned their rooms.9. The tourists have visited the National Gallery. 10. The teacher has checked our tests. 11. Harry has broken his car. 12. I’ve forgotten his phone number. 13. They have left for Rome. 14. Mary has seen this film. 15. We have read this detective story. 16. He has taken my credit card.
Упражнение 20-4. Употребите правильную форму глагола в скобках:
1. Jack (to pass) his interview and he’s very happy. 2. I’m afraid the manager not (to come) yet. 3. Thank you for everything you (to do) for us. 4. I already (to study) the telexes from Paris and I (to write) the answers.5. I’m afraid he (to forget) that you are waiting for him.6. You (to have) dinner yet? 7. I not (to see) my boss this week. He (to fall) ill. 8. They just (to call) and (to invite) us to lunch. 9. Where is Mr Green? Не (to go) to the bank. 10. My little cousin already (to learn) to read. 11. No news (to come) yet from our office in London. 12. Someone (to eat) all the cakes and I not even (to taste) one. 13. Remember that your children already (to grow) up.14. I not (to look through) my favourite magazine yet.15. My mother (to throw away) the sour cream. It’s too old. 16. I (to cut) my finger badly. It hurts.
Unit 21. Модальные глаголы can/could, to be able
Упражнение 21-1. Образуйте отрицательную и вопросительную формы. Переведите на русский язык:
1.They can understand me. 2. Polly could go there.3. You can stay here for some time. 4. She could skate very well. 5. Peter can help me now. 6. He could answer all the questions. 7. She can open the window. 8. They could talk to him for me.9. Peter can speak German. 10. She can do it for you next week.
Упражнение 21-2. Переведите на английский язык, используя can, could:
1.Моя сестра не умеет готовить. 2.Ты можешь сделать это сам? 3. Кто может ответить на этот вопрос? 4. Она никогда не может прийти на встречу вовремя. 5. Вы сможете мне помочь завтра? 6. Вчера он не мог заснуть. 7. Ты умеешь водить машину? 8. Я могу навестить вас завтра? 9. Почему ты не смог решить эту задачу? 10.Мама говорит, что я не смогу прийти сегодня вечером. 11. Где я могу купить билеты? 12. Ты не сможешь думать об этом все время. 13. Она умела плавать еще в прошлом году. 14. Вы смогли найти его вчера? 15. Извините, но я не смог прийти вчера.
Упражнение 21-3. Переведите на английский язык, используя «to be able to»:
1.Я не смогу навестить вас завтра. 2.Я не смогу помочь вам сегодня вечером. 3.Машина была очень дорогой – он не смог купить ее. 4. Ящик очень тяжелый – я не смогу поднять его. 5. Она смогла проведать их сегодня? 6. Он не может работать с тех пор, как заболел. 7. Мы не пошли в ресторан – мы не смогли себе позволить это.
Unit 22. Модальные глаголы may/might, “to be allowed to”.
Упражнение 22-1. Переведите на русский язык:
1)You may take my book. 2) You may not take it. 3) May I go out? 4) He said I might take his car.
Упражнение 22-2. Переведите на английский язык, используя глагол «may»:
1. Ты можешь вернуться домой не позже одиннадцати? 2. Мне можно зайти? 3. Доктор говорит, что больной может вставать.4. Она не может трогать вещи без моего разрешения. 5. Можно мне взять еще одно пирожное? 6. Им нельзя оставаться в больнице после девяти. 7. Если ты выполнил задание, ты можешь пойти к товарищу. 8. Можно мы пойдем в кино? 9. Вот теперь ты можешь отдохнуть. 10. Вам нельзя курить в этой комнате.
Упражнение 22-3. Переведите на русский язык:
1)He is allowed to go for a walk.2)He was allowed to go for a walk. 3) He will be allowed to go for a walk.
Упражнение 22-4. Переведите на английский язык, используя “to be allowed to”:
1.Ему разрешают ездить на мотоцикле. 2. Им разрешают ходить в парк самим. 3. Нам разрешили пойти на дискотеке. 4. Ей разрешат взять машину брата. 5. Ученикам не разрешают пропускать уроки. 6. Тебе разрешили принять участи в уличных гонках? 7. Почему мне не разрешают возвращаться домой поздно? 8. Моему другу разрешили купить собаку. 9. Когда пациенту разрешат ходить. 10. Тебе уже разрешили уйти?
Упражнение 22-5. Вставьте модальные глаголы «may» или «can»:
1)… I come in? 2. He … not go out because he is ill. 3. You … translate this text; you don’t know French enough. 4. Take the umbrella: it … rain. 5. She … visit us if she has time. 6. Do you think he … answer all these questions? 7. … she use your phone? 8. … you help me just now? 9. I … not find my key. 10. … he drive a car if it is necessary to?
Unit 23. Модальный глагол «must», оборот «to have to»
Упражнение 32-1.Переведите на русский язык:
1)He must go there now. 2)She must go to the bank tomorrow. 3) You must not leave. 4) Must I leave?
Упражнение 23-2. Переведите на английский язык, используя «must»:
1.Я должен рано встать. 2. Мы должны поговорить об этом завтра. 3. Вы не должны волноваться. 4. Ученики должны выполнять домашнее задание. 5. Кто должен убирать в твоей комнате? 6. Она должна помыть посуду. 7. Ты не должен разговаривать на уроке. 8. Им нужно приходить сюда завтра? 9. Они должны вернуться до вечера. 10. Мама сказала, что мы должны пойти в магазин. 11. Они вынуждены продать свой магазин. 12. Я должен сделать это сам? 13. Учитель сказал, что ученики должны читать английские книги.14. Ты не должен плавать так долго. 15. Он сказал, что мы должны выехать рано утром.
Упражнение 23-3. Переведите на русский язык:
1)I have to stay here. 2) I don’t have to stay here. 3) He had to explain everything.4) He will have to explain everything.5) Do you have to go there?
Упражнение 23-4. Переведите на английский язык, используя «to have to»:
1)Я должен подготовить доклад.2) Ты не должен идти пешком. 3) Он был вынужден вернуться из отпуска раньше. 4) Ей не пришлось работать ночью.5) Мне пришлось вернуть билеты в кассу. 6) Мы должны будем напомнить им об их обещании. 7) Им не придется долго ждать. 8) Ей придется выбирать самой? 9) Вы не должны извиняться.10) Почему ты был вынужден рассказать об этом?
Упражнение 23-5. Используйте «must» или «to have to» в нужной форме. Используйте вопросительную или отрицательную формы, где это необходимо.
1)She … leave the party yesterday-she wasn’t well. 2) He was late for work today because he … visit the doctor first. 3) You … borrow my things without asking. 4) We are sorry, you … smoke here. 5) She said we …wash all the windows in the house. 6) Since the new manager came, they... change their methods of research.7) Her son is happy as he … do his home task today. 8) I not … speak German since I was at school. 9) The teacher told us that we … answer all the questions. 10) He … get up early on Monday if he wants to catch the bus.
Unit 23.Модальный оборот «to be to»
Упражнение 23-1. Прочитайте и переведите на русский язык:
1)She is to come at seven. 2) Polly was to come at seven. 3) They are to discuss it tomorrow. 4) They were to have signed the contract at nine.
Упражнение 23-2. Переведите на английский язык, используя оборот «to be to» в необходимой форме:
1)Я должен встретить их в аэропорту.2) Они должны работать по семь часов ежедневно. 3) Она должна прийти сюда вечером. 4) Их сын должен был закончить курсы в этом году. 5) Они должны были из командировки. 6) Он хотел заказать номер в отеле, но не заказал. 7) Она должна была подготовить лабораторию.8) Мы должны были встретиться после работы, но не встретились. 9) Отвечать на звонки должна сестра. 10) Дети должны были поехать на экскурсию, но не поехали.11) Расписание должно измениться через три дня.
Упражнение 23-3. Переведите на английский язык, используя «must», «to be to» «to have to»:
1)Он сказал, что должен позвонить немедленно.2) В этой гимназии все ученики должны носить форму. 3) Кому пришлось с ним поехать? 4) Доктор сказал, что я не должен пить так много кофе. 5) Она вынуждена была одеть теплую одежду. 6) Я сказал им, что они не должны опаздывать. 7) Новые роботы должны помочь людям на производстве. 8) Ты должен позвонить маме. Возможно, она беспокоится.9) Она побледнела. Она должна принять лекарства. 10) Я был вынужден отменить встречу. 11) Сегодня ей пришлось поехать на работу пораньше. 12) Он, наверное, сейчас в командировке. 13) Защита дипломов начнется сегодня в десять утра.
Unit 24. Страдательный залог.
Упражнение 24-1. Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным. Переведите предложения па русский язык.
1. The audience enjoyed the concert very much. 2. They developed a new method of teaching. 3. The little boy ate the cake. 4. The teacher corrects our exercises at home. 5. They started a dancing class last week. 6. Everybody will see this film soon. 7. The teacher returned our written work to us. 8. Mr. Smith will leave the tickets at the box-office. 9. The students translate texts during the lessons. 10. Mary took that book from the desk.
Упражнение 24-2. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Замените в следующих предложениях страдательный залог действительным.
1.The entire city was destroyed by the fire. 2. The lecture was attended by many people. 3. The book will be published in spring. 4. The class is taught by Mr. Smith. 5. It was designed by a French engineer. 6. This book is always read by the students of the first course. 7. The letter was left on the table. 8. The house was struck by lightning. 9. The cries of the child were heard by everyone.
Упражнение 24-3. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме:
I. The first prize was won by John. 2. Our exercises are corrected each night by the teacher. 3. The mail is delivered at ten o'clock. 4. The construction of the bridge will be finished this year. 5. The contract will be signed tomorrow. 6. His report was listened to with great interest. 7. Your letter has been sent in time. 8. Victor had been asked by the examiner shortly before I came. 9. The room was being painted when I entered it.
Упражнение 24-4. Проанализируйте употребление времен сказуемого в следующих предложениях. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1 The article was translated with a dictionary. 2. The meeting will be organised in a big hall. 3. All the students of our group had been asked by the examiner by 3 o'clock. 4. My friend was being asked by the teacher when I entered the classroom. 5. Children are forbidden to play on the pavement. 6. I hate to be bothered during my work. 7.1 have never been asked to meet them. 8. Let me know if my help is needed. 9. The young doctor was helped by his teacher. 10. People learning foreign languages are advised to read foreign literature in the original. 11. He was called out of the room at this point. 12. In the museums visitors are asked not to touch the exhibits. 13. The doctor was sent for. 14. He was always laughed at. 15. My children are looked after by my grandmother. 16. She was given a nice cat. 17. She was looked for everywhere.
Упражнение 24-5. Переведите предложения, поставьте их в вопросительной и, где возможно, в отрицательной форме.
1. The books are taken from the library. 2. He was asked to help one of our students. 3. Many newspapers and magazines are published in this country. 4. That problem was discussed at our meeting. 5. The diagrams were brought by our monitor. 6. The exams will be taken in January. 7. They were told to do their work quickly.8. The study of theory is accompanied by practical training. 9. A new laboratory was opened last year. 10. We shall be given a new task tomorrow. 11. Every institute is headed by Rector. 12. In summer you will be sent to a big plant for your industrial training
Упражнение 24-6. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на особенности страдательного залога.
1. In mechanics the study of kinematics is followed by the study of dynamics. 2. A gas may be looked upon as the vapour of a liquid with a very low boiling point or very great vapour pressure. 3. Lead is very slightly acted upon by the oxygen of the air. 4. The works of] Tsiolkovsky were followed by a number of very important works in the field of astronautics. 5. The production of special metallurgical alloys is seldom influenced by gravity. 6. This article describe» design characteristics which are followed by the description of the results of the experiments. This description is followed by a discussion of nontechnical aspects of the lunar programme proposed.
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Unit 25. Безличные и неопределенно-личные предложения.
Упражнение 25-1. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения
It is cold today. It’s nice to meet you. It is nine o’clock now. Is it cold? Wasn’t it interesting?
Упражнение 25-2. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Сегодня холодно. 2. Идет снег целый день. 3. Сейчас утро. 4. Было приятно познакомиться с вашим другом. 5. Поздно. Пора спать. 6. Разве это не смешно? 7. Сейчас уже 10 часов утра. 8. На улице холодно? 9. Сейчас ранняя весна, но уже тепло. 10. Это далеко отсюда?
Упражнение 25-3. Заполните таблицу на словообразование
| Verb | Noun | Personal noun |
| producer | ||
| operation | ||
| generate | mover | |
| act | design | |
| invent | ||
| consume | transformation regulation | |
| indicate |
Упражнение 25-4. Образуйте и переведите производные слова согласно образцу:
tele- (на большом расстоянии) television, telegraph, telegraphy, telemetry phone, text, scope, printer, communication;
photo- (имеющий отношение к свету или фотографии) photon, photograph, photography, photographic copy, finish, meter, electric, sensitive
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Unit 26.
Упражнение 26-1.
1.
Упражнение 26-2. Создайте 16 местоименных конструкций и переведите их:
Образец: some + body = somebody — кто-то, кто-нибудь
some body
any one
no thing
every where
Упражнение 26-4. Переведите следующие производные слова:
глагол или существительное + -ive = прилагательное
to act — действовать -» active — деятельный
intensity- интенсивность -> intensive- интенсивный
to conserve — conservative, progress — progressive, effect — effective, mass — massive, to react — reactive;
суффикс существительного -ure
nature — природа; culture — культура
structure, manufacture, future, measure, feature, agriculture;
префикс super- (сверх, супер)
supernatural — сверхъестественный; superpower — сверхдержава
supergenius, supercomputer, superman, supermarket, supersonic, superhot, superconductor.
Unit 27.
Упражнение 27-2.
Упражнение 27-4. Образуйте и переведите производные слова согласно образцу:
a)префиксы micro-, mini- (микро-, мини-) microscope — микроскоп, microscopic — микроскопический
computer, chip, electronics, fiche, film, phone, processor, wave, organism;
b)minimum — минимум, minimal — минимальный, minimize — минимизировать, сводить к минимуму
computer, screen, tour, bus, skirt, -sized.
Unit 27.Модальные глаголы should/ought to
Упражнение 27-1. Переведите на русский язык:
1)You should enter the Moscow Region State University of Technology. 2) You ought to be more attentive. 3) He shouldn’t be sitting here. 4) He oughtn’t to be working for this firm.5) You should have told us about it. 6) You ought to have sent the warning.7) You shouldn’t have designed this mechanical shop. 8) Should we check the quality of these products?
Упражнение 27-2. Переведите на английский язык, используя «should» и «ought t»:
1)Тебе не следует сидеть около окна. Ты можешь простудиться. 2) Ему нужно было бы идти домой. Его ждут. 3) Им надо заботиться о здоровье. 4) Ему не следует работать в саду. Он еще не выздоровел. 5) Им надо было бы проведать больного отца. 6) Тебе следует придерживаться инструкций. 7) Лучше выпей горячего чая. 8) тебе не следует спорить сейчас.
Упражнение 27-3. Дополните предложения, используя «should» и «ought to»:
1)You … follow instructions before taking medicine. 2) It’s very late. Children … be in bed. 3) You … not smoke here. 4) It’s his anniversary next week. May be we … to send him a telegram. 5) Her room is dirty. She … clean it. 6) This hotel is very expensive. You … not stay here.7) She drives too fast. She … drive carefully. 8) They …no let the children see such films. 9) They invite us to have barbecue. … we take something to eat? 10) You … not read in the car. You may feel sick.11) He … book the tickets in advance.12) She … leave valuable in the car.
Упражнение 27-4. Образуйте слова с префиксом super- и переведите их.
man, power, genius, hot, hard, natural, conductor.
Unit 28. Глагол «need»
Упражнение 28-1. Переведите на русский язык:
1)He needn’t go there. 2)Need he go there? 3) He needn’t have gone there. 4) I don’t need advice. 5) Does he need out help?
Упражнение 28-2.
Упражнение 28-5. Переведите предложения с модальными глаголами:
1.This work must be done quickly. 2. Many complex problems can be solved with the help of computers. 3. Lomonosov may be called the founder of higher education in Russia. 4. Books on this subject can be found in every library. 5. Many basic subjects must be studied by the first and second-year students.
Заполните таблицу на словообразование.
| Verb, Noun | Adjective |
| create | possessive |
| act | |
| compete | competitive |
| attract | comparative |
| expense | |
| sense | |
| mass |
Unit 29.
Назовите прилагательные с суффиксом -ible/-able, означающие:
1) that can be done, can exist, happen;
2) that cannot be done, cannot exist, happen;
3) that can be used;
4) that may be obtained, can be used;
5) that may be relied on;
6) that cannot be relied on;
7) which may be questioned;
8) which may not be questioned;
9) absolutely essential.
Unit 30.
Упражнение 29-1. Заполните таблицу на словообразование
| Noun | Adjective | Adverb |
| questionably | ||
| availability capability | — | |
| usable | — | |
| possibly | ||
| reliability quality quantity | intensively | |
| indispensability | — |
Образуйте и переведите следующие производные слова согласно образцу:
существительное + -ful = прилагательное use — польза —> useful — полезный power,
skill, success;
существительное + -less = прилагательное use — польза —» useless — бесполезный change, noise, water, help, end;
прилагательное + -ness = абстрактное существительное weightless — невесомый -» weightlessness — невесомость
useful, dark, hard, weak;
Unit 31. Инфинитив
Упражнение 32-1. Подчеркнуть инфинитив и перевести предложения на русский язык:
1)“Agrofert” failed to supply requested documentation. 2)Now “Agrofert” wants to complete the transaction in concert with Polish refinery group. 3) The manager said he was unwilling to complete the deal under current conditions. 4) It would be extremely complicated process to change the conditions. 5) Lack of transparency and information jeopardizes potential for corporate to raise finance in their own name. 6) Many entities are now starting to play an important role in raising trade financing to support their own large projects.
Упражнение 32-2. Переведите следующие производные слова согласно образцу:
отрицательные префиксы un-/im-
questionable — спорный —» unquestionable — неоспоримый, несомненный
material — immaterial, limited — unlimited, important — unimportant, usual — unusual, natural — unnatural, necessary — un-necessary, known — unknown, qualified — unqualified, changing — unchanging, seen — unseen, possible — impossible, perfect — imperfect, personal — impersonal, mobile — immobile.
Unit 32. Сложное дополнение
Упражнение 32-1. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык:
1)We wanted you to fill in this order. 2) We didn’t expect the letter to be received so soon.3) We’d like you to know it.
Упражнение 32-2. Переведите предложения:
1)Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы приняли во внимание следующие изменения. 2) Они ожидают, что платеж будет осуществлен на следующей неделе. 3) мы бы хотели, чтобы это письмо было подписано вашим руководителем.
Unit 33. Герундий
Упражнение 34-1. Прочитайте предложения, укажите герундий, скажите – в какой функции он используется и переведите предложения:
1)Retailing includes retail shops, petrol stations, street markets, door-to-door selling and so on. 2)Bulk buying has now become a feature of family shopping. 3) In most Western industrial countries, advertising is a major industry. 4) Taxes wealth causes problems when the wealth is held in the forms of land, building, works of art and jewellery. 5) Trading with other countries enables people to enjoy a much wider range of gods than they can produce by themselves. 6) Launching new products is essential for the survival of the company.
Упражнение 34-2. Найдите в следующих предложениях герундий. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. Reading is his hobby. 2. Stop shouting! I hear you quite well. 3. He finished speaking and sat down. 4. He mentioned having discussed this question with other teachers. 5. Some parents prefer keeping their children under supervision. 6. Some people prefer listening to somebody Ise's opinion to forming their own. 7. He denied knowing anything about future plans. 8. She hates working late into the night. 9. The o
