[+] = [-], [+] = [-]= =10-7 / 3
10-7/3 .
, , . , [+] [-] . - -, [+] > [-]>10-7 /3, +- , [+] < [-]<10-7 /3.
[+] pH: pH = -lg [+].
, pH , pH = -lg [-].
pH = -lg 10-7=7; pH = -lg 10-7=7
pH + pH = 14
[+] pH , [+] pH . , pH = pH =7; pH < pH < 7, pH > pH > 7.
pH .
(HCl, HBr, HI), , , (HCl4) (HCl3) .
1 (α 1), .
[+]
pH = -lg
. ( ) :
+ + -
,
[+] [A-]
=
[]
, , .. [] . , + - , , . :
[+]2
=
[+] = √ʷ = lg[H+];
( , N ) , .. 1, .. [-] . = lg[]; + = 14;
pH = 14 + lg
[O͖] = √ʷ, = lg[];
+ = 14;
V1= =4,5 (3).
. 10-6 /3. - -, pH pH.
.
|
|
1. [-]
[-] = = = 10-8 /3
2. pH : pH = -lg [+] = -lg 10-6 = 6
3. pH : pH = -lg [-] = -lg 10-8 = 8 , , pH = 14- pH = 14-6=8.
. pH , 200 3 0,094 , 5,1 10-4.
.. (N2) , (15):[+] =√ʷ, , , /3.
2. :, = = 0,01 (/3), 0,094 ,
0,2 - V , 3
. = (1+14+2 ) = 47 /-
3. [+] pH
[+] = = = 2,24 10-3 /3,
pH = - lg[+] = - lg 2,24 10-3 = 3- lg 2,24 = 3-0,35 = 2,65.
. pH 0,025 .
. , pH
pH = 14 + lg = 14 + lg 0,025
pH = 14 + lg 2,5 10-2 = 14-2+ lg 2,5 = 12 + 0,4=12,4