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[+] = [-], [+] = [-]= =10-7 / 3

10-7/3 .

, , . , [+] [-] . - -, [+] > [-]>10-7 /3, +- , [+] < [-]<10-7 /3.

[+] pH: pH = -lg [+].

, pH , pH = -lg [-].

pH = -lg 10-7=7; pH = -lg 10-7=7

pH + pH = 14

[+] pH , [+] pH . , pH = pH =7; pH < pH < 7, pH > pH > 7.

pH .

(HCl, HBr, HI), , , (HCl4) (HCl3) .

1 (α 1), .

[+]

pH = -lg

. ( ) :

+ + -

,

[+] [A-]

=

[]

, , .. [] . , + - , , . :

[+]2

=

[+] = √ʷ = lg[H+];

( , N ) , .. 1, .. [-] . = lg[]; + = 14;

pH = 14 + lg

[O͖] = √ʷ, = lg[];

+ = 14;

V1= =4,5 (3).

. 10-6 /3. - -, pH pH.

.

1. [-]

[-] = = = 10-8 /3

2. pH : pH = -lg [+] = -lg 10-6 = 6

3. pH : pH = -lg [-] = -lg 10-8 = 8 , , pH = 14- pH = 14-6=8.

. pH , 200 3 0,094 , 5,1 10-4.

.. (N2) , (15):[+] =√ʷ, , , /3.

2. :, = = 0,01 (/3), 0,094 ,

0,2 - V , 3

. = (1+14+2 ) = 47 /-

3. [+] pH

[+] = = = 2,24 10-3 /3,

pH = - lg[+] = - lg 2,24 10-3 = 3- lg 2,24 = 3-0,35 = 2,65.

. pH 0,025 .

. , pH

pH = 14 + lg = 14 + lg 0,025

pH = 14 + lg 2,5 10-2 = 14-2+ lg 2,5 = 12 + 0,4=12,4





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