270800.62
, 2011
535
-43
.. : 270800.62 , . - : ӻ, 2011. 13
ӻ . , , .
: ..
50 .
-
..
- -
...................................... 4
1 ............................... 5
2 ............................ 11
3 ..............................12
...........................13
. , , . :
:
- -9 , , , , ;
- - 11 - , , - , , , ;
- -17 - , ;
- -19 , ;
|
|
- -22 , .
1. . , ( ).
2. xc - , ( ).
( ) , , , ( 1).
1
, , , . :
i =Im sinωt (1)
, , :
(2)
(2) :
uL (90º), .. φL = + ;
u (90º), .. φ = (- );
uR , .. φR = 0º.
:
ULm = ILmXL; Um = ImX; URm = IRmR; (3)
( 1)
II :
-
u = uL + u + uR (4);
- ( )
Ů = Ů Lm + ŮmL + ŮmR (5);
- ( )
Ů = ŮL + ŮC + ŮR (6).
II .
2
. (5) .
, : . (. 3).
3
Ů = ŮL + ŮC .
, , Ů ŮR (Ů = ŮR).
(. 3) , :
, (7)
.. UR =IR; UL =IXL; UC =IX, ( (3), ),
:
U = I (8)
(8)
- (9)
(10)
.
, R, XL, XC (10) :
|
|
(11)
( 3) ,
(12)
, , UL U , U , I.
UL > U , , XL > X, .. Z , (φ > 0).
U > UL, (.. X > XL), Z , (φ < 0).
UL = U, (.. XL = X), Z = R , (φ = 0).
, : R, XL X. ( , ). :
P = I2R =IUR= IUcos φ (, )(13)
L ( ) C () ( ) ( ). .
:
:
QL = I2 XL = IUL = IUsin φ (, ) (14);
- :
Q = I2 X = IUC = IUsin φ (, ) (15).
:
(, ) (16)
Q = QL QC .
, - R, - C (r, XL) ( 4). , :
r = Z os φ (17);
XL = Z sin φ (18)
4 -
Z :
Z = (19)
Z :
Z = (20)
5 -
φ .
, () (φ = 0), .. (12)
,
:
XL = X (21)
:
:
Lω= , LCω2 = 1 (22)
(22) , :
L C;
C ω;
L ω.
: ω0 =
:
= R ( XL =X) (23)
, , .
I = (24)
6
UL U , , .. , 180º, , U ( 6).
UL =I XL; U = I X;
UL = U;
U = UL - U =0
,
U= I Z = I R= UR
6 . :
= IUcos φ = IUcos 0º= IU = S, Q = IUsin φ = 0
|
|
QL = I2 XL Q = I2 X . . . .
:
UL = I XL = XL; U = I X = X,
,
XL = X > R,
UL U U, .
, .
, , .
( 1) L C , ω0 = , .
. L C, .
1. ( , , , ).
2. ( 7), R = 60 . .
3. , QF . , SA1 () .
4. UR, UK, UC . 1.
5. = 120 = 250 . 1.
6. .
7. = 120 2. R .
8. .
7
1
U,B | I,A | UR,B | UK,B | UC,B | P, | |
R,Zk,XC1 | ||||||
R,Zk,XC2 | ||||||
R,Zk,XC3 |
2
S,BA | SR,BA | SK,BA | SC,BA | PR, | PK, | PC, | QK, | Q, | R, | X, | Z, |
4
1. ?
2. ?
3. :
;
;
.
4. ? .
5. ? ?
6. ?
7. cos φ ?
8. ?
9. ?
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1. , .., .. . - : , 2000.
2. , .., .., .. . - .: , 2005.
3. , .., .., . - .: , 2001.
4. / .. .. . .: , 1976.