Linux
3.1 UNIX Linux , . UNIX : . Linux. 95% Linux UNIX-, - , Linux. .
. : ( ) - Linux. , UNIX, UNIX- Linux.
- , MS-DOS. MS-DOS, . UNIX MS-DOS ( - MS-DOS CP/M, , , UNIX). UNIX MS-DOS. , .
, , : . . . UNIX , "" ( ) . , - , , . : , , , "" .
UNIX
( )
Shells
UNIX , . , , . ( MS-DOS, ). UNIX , : (, ) , ( ). , .
UNIX- ( ). , ( ) , ( 3.2.1 ). ``larry''.
|
|
, UNIX hostname ( ). . Hostname , , hostname. 4.10.2 hostname . , , - ``mousehouse'' ( ).
( )
, , . , (root) . root , 4.1.
, , root use radd adduser. 4.4.
, , :
mousehouse login:Return. larry :
mousehouse login: larry Password:(passw ord). , . ,
Login incorrect.
, .
- , . ( UNIX , , , ). Linux, UNIX, ( VC), .
( ). alt-F2. login:, , . | VC, alt-F1. -! . |
Linux VC, alt-F1 alt-F4. 12- VC - . , VC - VC .
, ( , ) UNIX. VC #1, VC #2 - .
|
|
Shells
UNIX shell. Shell - , , (.. , ) . COMMAND.COM MS-DOS, . Shell - UNIX. , X Window System, .
, shell . . Larry :
mousehouse login: larry Password: larry's password Welcome to Mousehouse! /home/larry#``/home/larry#'' shell, , . ( y ). - :
/home/larry# make love make: *** No way to make target `love'. Stop. /home/larry#, , "make" - shell . (, ).
: ? , ``make love''? ``make'' , . .
:
/home/larry# cp foo bar``cp'', ``foo'' ``bar''.
, shell . -, , () shell . (, , shell . , ). Shell , . , shell . shell , , .
shell make love. make - , , "" . ``make love'' make love. make , ( ) .