1. The work is going on .. the schedule.
2. .. the establishment of new bus routes the passenger service in the city was improved.
3. Who can repair the car him?
4. .. computers we can process information millions times quicker.
5. .. it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
6. I went home .. I was feeling unwell.
7. She only accepted the job the salary, which was very high.
8. I managed to get to sleep . there was a lot of noise.
9. .. having very little money, they are happy.
10. I dont mind if you come home late . you come in quietly.
8. (-d) , :
1. They would be offended if I .. to the party.
a) Would go b) go c) will go d) didnt go
2. If you took more exercise, you better.
a) Would feel b) feel c) will feel d) felt
3) What . you do if you won a lot of money.
a) do b) did c) would d) are
4) If you hard at your English you will pass your exam well.
a) works b) work c) will work d) worked
5) If I were you I ..
a) Agree b) dont agree c) wouldnt agree d) will agree
6) If we .. new methods, we would have saved a lot of time.
a) Had used b) uses c) doesnt use d) had been used
7) If you help me, I . the engine in an hour.
a) Repair b) repaired c) will repair d) dont repair
8) If I .. you, Id see a doctor.
a) Am b) are c) will be d) were
9) If you park here, you . be find.
a) Are b) will c) was d) dont
9. :
1. , .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. , , .
6. , , .
7. , .
8. , .
9. , ?
10. , .
10. :
SCIENCE 2002
Science 2014 is the name given to an (IMAGINE) development which aims to make (SCIENCE) and technological developments exciting, even to people who thought they were (INTEREST) in the subject. As well as its main permanent (EXHIBIT), there is also a changing (SELECT) of educational programmes, such as sessions for schools and colleges, and adult (TRAIN) courses. Everyone can share the (EXCITE) of experiment and discovery. Even (EXPERIENCE) visitors can carry out simple experiments with the help of (SPECIAL), who are always available to give them all the (PRACTICE) advice and guidance they need. Whats more, the friendly staff are keen to provide a welcoming atmosphere.
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1. :
The coiled serpent
1. Bad weather often disrupts our well-ordered plans, but occasionally it can become so extreme and violent that it threatens our homes, possessions and even our lives. That is why scientists are always studying threatening weather conditions in the hope of finding better ways to predict more accurately where and when they might occur, so that timely warnings can be given and appropriate action taken to avoid damage and loss of life.
2. One of the worst weather hazards faced by people in tropical areas is the storm known as a hurricane or cyclone. This is a rotating storm about 800 kilometers across. Around one hundred of these storms form across the worlds ocean each year, causing an enormous amount of damage when they hit land. They are so frequent in the Atlantic that each one is given the name of a person, starting with the letter A at the beginning of the year and then working through the alphabet.
3. The process by which an ordinary rainstorm changes into a hurricane involves so many unknown factors that meteorologists can only identify what they think happens. In the Atlantic, the starting point for many such storms is a calm area known as the Doldrums. The calm is, however, deceptive because from time to time the stillness of the Doldrums is broken by violent thunderstorms. most of these storms travel thousands of miles westwards and just die out, but occasionally, for reasons that are unclear, one will develop into an extremely dangerous cyclone.
4. The movement and characteristics of these tropical hurricanes are closely monitored by satellites and radar as well as by aircraft, whose pilots fly bravely into the turbulent clouds of the hurricane to record wind speeds and air pressure. However, even with such detailed information, predicting the course of a hurricane remains extremely difficult.
5. It is nonetheless for forecasts to be accurate, because the question of when and how to best prepare for a hurricane is a tricky one. If the alarm is raised, whole communities may be forces to abandon their homes. If there are too many false alarms, people may decide not to bother leaving next time, with disastrous consequences. Obviously a short-term warning of, say, twelve hours is more likely to be accurate, but the time needed for evacuation is often considerably longer than that.
6. The treat to island and coastal communities from tropical cyclones comes from a combination of enormous wind speed, high seas and heavy rainfall. A measure of the potential violence of a hurricane is the air pressure in the centre of the storm. The lower the pressure, the stronger the wind speeds, the higher the seas, and the heavier the rainfall. In affected areas, low-lying coastal communities with high population densities are always working to be prepared for the worst.
7. Once they reach land, hurricanes begin to die, cut off from their source of energy, but they can give rise to tornadoes. These are black, twisting clouds that suddenly appear from nowhere, travel at terrifying speed, move in unpredictable ways and cause catastrophic damage in seconds. Their small size and brief duration makes forecasting when and where they are likely to strike extremely difficult.
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2. :
1. What kind of weather conditions are especially threatening?
2. How and why do they happen?
3. How do scientists predict these conditions?
4. Why is it difficult to make accurate predictions?
5. What should people do to prevent damage and loss of life?
3. , , :
Global warming
The Earths climate (be) a very complicated system. Whats more, it is now widely recognized that human activity (be have) an effect on it. The pollution which results from the use of oil and coal in industry, as well as the increased use of private cars, (be cause) significant changes in temperature in many parts of the world. These changes often (have) a knock on effect on other aspects of the climate, leading to things like extreme weather conditions and rising sea levels. Studying the changes which (be take) place and predicting those that are likely to happen in the future (be) now a major area of scientific research. The information which the scientists provide is very useful in helping governments to (predict) the effects of climate change and so be better prepared to cope with them.
A much more serious problem, however, is how to (prevent) the situation from (get) worse. This (depend) on how quickly, and to what extent, the amount of pollution in the atmosphere increases. Although many countries have now (agree) to try and limit the pollution they create, much more needs to be (do). If no further action (be take), then temperatures are set to rise by about 0.2% per decade during the 21st century. Such a rate of warming is greater than anything that (have occur) over the last ten thousand years.
4. , :
1. It difficult to listen if everyone is speaking . the same time.
2. Im busy just now, but Ill be with you a moment.
3. Are you going away . the beginning of August or the end?
4. There was a long queue of people . the bus stop.
5. Do you know that man standing . the door?
6. Is your sister . this photograph? I dont recognize her.
7. We got stuck in a traffic jam on our way the airport.
8. We had lunch . the airport while we were waiting for our plane.
9. Julias grandmother died recently . the age 79.
10. Im tired. As soon as I get . home, Im going .. bed.
5. . :
1. We waited ages .. a taxi. We gave .. in the end and walked home.
2. The car broke . and I had to phone for help.
3. A strange thing happened me a few days ago.
4. I dont believe . working very hard. Its not worth it.
5. My present job isnt wonderful, but I prefer it . What I did before.
6. Do you spend much money .. clothes?
7. The country is divided . six regions.
8. Some words are difficult to translate .. one language . another.
9. What happened . the money I lent you? What did you spend it .?
10. I wanted to go out alone, but my friend insisted . coming with me.
6. :
1. They live on a busy main road.
2. There used to be a church here.
3. She had a great holiday.
4. Weve got a problem.
5. I gave him a key to our house.
6. The police want to interview two men about the robbery last week.
7. Life has changed a lot in the last thirty years.
8. He never gets up before 9 oclock.
9. My brother has always been very healthy.
10. We missed our train because we were waiting on wrong platform.
7. , :
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(no, nothing, anybody, anything, something, somebody, any, nobody, some, ours, nothing,)
1. I dont remember . about the accident.
2. I shouted for help, but . came.
3. Last night we went out with some friends of ..
4. Can I have . milk in my coffee, please?
5. Theres .. on at the cinema that I want to see, so theres no point in going.
6. Theres . at the door.
7. I havent got . money.
8. She didnt tell . about her plans.
9. We had to walk home because there were . taxis.
10. Im hungry. I want . to eat.
8. (-d) , :
1. If I won the lottery, I . on an exotic holiday.
a) Will go b) would go c) went d) am
2. .. we reached the station, the train had left.
a) By the time b) if c) whether d) as
3. We . dinner when the phone rang.
a) Ate b) were eating c) has eaten d) was eaten
4. James car .. last night.
a) Is stolen b) were stolen c) was stolen d) will be stolen
5. Colin . his wallet stolen twice this year.
a) Will have had b) had had c) has had d) have had
6. John is very honest. He always . the truth.
a) Told b) say c) tells d) speak
7. He said he her the following day.
a) Calls b) had called c) would call d) will call
8. The police .. investigating the crime.
a) Is b) will c) are d) was
9. Simon said that he .. a great time at the party.
a) Had had b) has had c) is having d) has
10. If I had locked up my bike, it have been stolen.
a) Would b) wouldnt c) didnt d) could
9. :
1. 1970 , .
2. , .
3. . . , , .
4. ?
5. , , .
6. , .
7. . .
8. . .
9. , .
10. , ?
10. :
1. Scientists are preparing a report and will publish their (conclude) next month.
2. There are fewer (differ) than you may imagine between apes and humans.
3. The dictionary gives a complicated (define) of intelligence.
4. You can often predict the weather by observing the (behave) of animals.
5. Tornadoes can have (disaster) consequences.
6. Forecasters rarely predict the weather very (accurate).
7. The students listened to the counsellor in (silent).
8. When I was a child I wanted to be an (explore).
9. There is so much noise and (pollute) in towns and cities.
10. I found the lecture about the environment very (inform).
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3
1. :
The greatest of All Time
1. The sixteenth-century Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci must be one of the greatest men who has ever lived. He is best remembered as a painter and a sculptor, but the extent of his abilities in other areas of knowledge is still a source of astonishment to scholars today. A recently published book describes him as the worlds first real scientist and shows just how great his achievements really were.
2. Leonardos imagination was so vivid, his thirst for knowledge so powerful, that he dreamt up inventions that, at the time, seemed quite impossible. He produced drawings, plans and diagrams of pieces of equipment which have come into being only in the last hundred years or so. For example, he worked out the principles for a parachute, a diving suit, contact lenses and the camera, long before the world was ready for them.
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3. What drove Leonardo was his desire for information. Rather than accept what people at the time could understand and explain, he looked for a new understanding of how nature worked, gained through observation and experiments. Leonardos ideas remained largely unpublished and unknown for years after his death, however. Meanwhile, other people, ignorant of his findings, struggled to make the discoveries described in his notebooks all over again. If his ideas had been common knowledge, western science might have progressed much faster. For example, he had sketched designs for a telescope one hundred years before Galileo came up with the same idea.
4. Although Leonardo was a very good painter, and was in great demand, he was more interested in his experiments. He wrote details of these in his notebook. By nature, Leonardo was a secretive man and always suspicious that others might steal his ideas. So from the beginning, his notebooks were written in various codes, including one known as mirror writing, where the words are written in such a way that they can only be read in a mirror. Although Leonardos discoveries destroyed many theories which existed at the time, unfortunately, few of them came to light during his lifetime.
5. And, whats more, all was nearly lost when he died in 1519. He entrusted the job of sorting out his notes to a young man called Francesco Melzi. But the task was beyond his capabilities. Melzis son, who inherited them, was equally unable to cope and abandoned them in an attic cupboard. When the notebooks were eventually rediscovered, there were 13,000 pages remaining, containing 1,500 diagrams and anatomical drawings. Some had, however, already been lost to treasure hunters. The pages are now divided between museums and libraries all over Europe.
6. One of the great mysteries of Leonardos character is that he started so much and finished so little. Only a handful of his paintings were completed, few of his inventions were ever made and the books he aimed to write remained unpublished. Its almost as if he was involved in so many investigations, which led him on to even more unanswered questions, that he was never able to call a halt. Towards the end of his life, he must have realized that the world of nature was too large and complicated for even a brain like his to fully understand.
2. :
1. Why were Leonardos inventions so remarkable?
2. How many people knew about Leonardos findings?
3. Why did he write his notes in such a way that others could not understand them?
4. What did Leonardo care about most?
5. Were Leonardos ideas published?
3. , , :
The home of the future
Before the 1800s, few homes (have) any luxuries. Devices like vacuum cleaners and dishwashers only (appear) in the 1900s. Until then, all housework (have) to be done by hand and this took a very long time. The home of the future (will be design) to offer its inhabitants a secure, comfortable and adaptable environment. Architects and engineers will take advantage of advances in electronics. They will create living spaces that can easily be altered by the occupants. Intelligent devices will play an important role in many houses. Robot cleaners and smart exercise machines that can monitor health will be as common as todays microwave ovens and washing machines. Experts (predict) that by 2025, the average home will have as much computing power as a nuclear power station in the 1990s. Computers will be small and cheap and we will be (can) to have them everywhere. They will be able to sense our presence and adjust the light and temperature automatically, according to our needs. By 2015, designers (will have create) furniture that can change shape and colour. They may (have design) a robot vacuum cleaners which detects dirt and it cleans it up automatically.
4. , :
1. I dont go work Sundays.
2. My son was born Christmas Day 10:30 pm 1998.
3. Have you ever been . Chine?
4. Im tired. As soon as I get .. home, Im going .. bed.
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5. What time does this train arrive . London.
6. Hell be back . a week.
7. Ill meet you . the entrance . the hotel.
8. Have you seen this picture . todays paper?
9. I last saw her .. Davids wedding.
10. What are you doing . home? I expected you to be work.
5. . :
1. She smiled me as she passed me by the street.
2. What happened the picture that used to be that wall?
3. The police is responsible maintaining law and order.
4. Im sorry being late.
5. The economy of Russia mostly depends oil and gas.
6. I want to listen the radio. Can you turn it ?
7. A stranger approached me the street and asked me money.
8. Im interested football, but Im not very good basketball.
9. He insisted visiting Peter.
10. He got angry and shouted me.
6. :
1. By that time we had already changed our plans.
2. The new engine is being tested in the laboratory.
3. We had to find a safe place for the pictures.
4. He was allowed to use the mobile equipment.
5. The book is as interesting as you think.
6. The child wanted to be taken seriously.
7. They insisted on the question being reconsidered.
8. There are always some problems to be solved.
9. I shall have to take a local train.
10. Before the experiment the substances are mixed in a large cup.
7. , , :
1. If I (not have) a car, I wont spend so much money on petrol.
2. Shell phone her mother when she (get) to London.
3. Ill cook dinner when I (get) back home.
4. Well leave as soon as the baby-sitter (arrive).
5. Well do our Christmas shopping as soon as we (be paid).
6. Hell be a lawyer when he (grow) up.
7. I (help) you if I have time.
8. You can wait here until she (come).
9. Hell go out after he (finish) his job.
10. He (leave) as soon as he received the telegram.
8. (-d) , :
1. What . you do if you won lots of money?
a) will . b) wont . c) would . d) wouldnt
2. If you make so much noise, I . be able to sleep.
a) will . b) wont . c) would . d) wouldn
3. They .. have to hurry or they miss the train.
a) will . b) wont . c) would . d) wouldnt
4. If she had locked all the doors, the burglars . have got it.
a) will . b) wont . c) would . d) wouldnt
5. If my train is late, .. I . take a taxi.
a)will . b) wont . c) would . d) wouldnt
6. He must build a strong boat, otherwise he . be able to sail round the world.
a) will . b) wont . c) would . d) wouldnt
7. You .. understand unless you listen carefully.
a) will . b) wont . c) would . d) wouldnt
8. If he hadnt cut his finger, it . not have hurt for weeks.
a) will . b) wont . c) would . d) wouldnt
9. I . give you $ 5 if you do me a favour.
a) will . b) wont . c) would . d) wouldnt
10. They .. have missed the last bus if they had hurried.
a) will . b) wont . c) would . d) wouldnt
9. :
1. .
2. , .
3. , .
4. ?
5. , .
6. , .
7. , , .
8. , .
9. , ; , .
10. , .
10. :
1. Advances in technology will make our lives easier and more (INTEREST).
2. They walked into the castle (SLOW).
3. Through the they could see that it was a woman in a long dress (DARK).
4. She was crying (QUIET).
5. Some types of oyster cannot be eaten, but they produce pearls, instead (BEAUTY).
6. She was a but she also loved to paint and draw things (TEACH).
7. I love my job even though its (DANGER).
8. In the past, it was quiet to see a woman firefighter (USUAL).
9. Emily has a very good , so shes good at writing stories (IMAGINE).
10. Many people look forward to their after years of working hard (RETIRE).
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1. :
