I.
1. . , , . . ETH - . input , output - . Turbo Pascal .
2. - . . - . begin end. .
3. . -. (;). .
4. (). , (_). . .
| ETH Pascal | |
| program (,); | program echo(input,output); |
| ; | var n: integer; |
| BEGIN | BEGIN |
| ; | write('?'); |
| ; | read(n); |
| write(n) | |
| END. | END. |
| Turbo Pascal-Delphi | |
| program ; | program echo; |
| ; | uses crt; |
| ; | var n: integer; |
| BEGIN | BEGIN |
| ; | clrscr; read(n); |
| ; | write(n); |
| readkey | |
| END. | END. |
| () | () | |
| real | 16.32 | |
| -1.6320000000E+01 |
| () | () | |
| integer | ||
| longint |
| () | () | |
| () | char | 'a' |
| #13 | ||
| string | '' | |
| () | boolean | false |
| true | ||
| M1..M2 |
| var | var |
| -: -; | a: real; |
| 1, 2, 3: -; | x, y, z: integer; |
| i, j, k: char; | |
| p, q, r: 0..100; | |
| s, t, u: 'a'..'z'; |
| const | const |
| 1 = 1; | X = 40000; |
| 2 = 2; | Y = 16.32; |
| 3 = 3; | Z = -1.632E+10; |
| N = N; | A = 'a'; |
| R = #13; | |
| T = ''#13#10':'; |
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|
|
| := | a:= 0; |
| x:= x + 1; |
| 1 | 2 | |
| read( ) | program echo1(input,output); | program echo2(input,output); |
| readln( ) | var m, n: integer; | var m, n: integer; |
| write( ) | BEGIN | BEGIN |
| writeln( ) | read(m,n); | readln(m,n); |
| write('m=',m); | writeln('m=',m); | |
| write('n=',n) | writeln('n=',n) | |
| END. | END. |
| (n) | |||
| integer | write(n) | ||
| integer | write(n:2) | ||
| integer | write(n:5) | ||
| 16.32 | real | write(n); | 1.6320000000E+01 |
| 16.32 | real | write(n:12) | 1.63200E+01 |
| 16.32 | real | write(n:5:2) | 16.32 |
| 16.32 | real | write(n:10:4) | 16.3200 |
crt (cathode ray tube)
| clrscr | clrscr | |
| textcolor() | textcolor(1) | |
| textcolor(blue) | ||
| textbackground() | textbackground(1) | |
| textbackground(blue) | ||
| delay( ) | delay(1000) | |
| gotoxy(,) | gotoxy(40,20) | |
| keypressed | , true () | repeat write('o') until keypressed |
| readkey | , () | readkey |
| c:=readkey |
| 0 black | 8 darkgray |
| 1 blue | 9 lightblue |
| 2 green | 10 lightgreen |
| 3 cyan | 11 lightcyan |
| 4 red | 12 lightred |
| 5 magenta | 13 lightmagenta |
| 6 brown | 14 yellow |
| 7 lightgray | 15 white |
| + | ||
| - | ||
| * | ||
| / | 5.0/2.0 = 2.5 | |
| div | ( ) | 5 div 2 = 2 |
| mod | 5 mod 2 = 1 | |
| shl | 5 shl 1 = 10 | |
| shr | 5 shr 1 = 2 |
| abs(x) | ( ) | abs(-2) = 2 |
| sqr(x) | sqr(2) = 4 | |
| sqrt(x) | sqrt(4) = 2.0 | |
| pi | ~ 3.14... |
| sin(x) | sin(pi) = 0 | |
| cos(x) | cos(0) ~ 1.0 | |
| ln(x) | ln(1) = 0 | |
| exp(x) | ( e x) | exp(1) ~ 2.72 |
| int(x) | int(3.6) = 3.0 | |
| trunc(x) | trunc(3.6) = 3 | |
| round(x) | round(3.6) = 4 |
II.
| - | |
| if then | if (x>0) and (y>0) then |
| 1 | begin x:=x+y; y:=0 end |
| else | else |
| 2 | begin x:=x-y; y:=-y end |
|
|
|
| - | |
| if then | if x>y then |
| x:=x mod y |
| ( ) | ||
| not | () | |
| and | () | |
| or | () | |
| xor | (-) |
| () | ( ) | |
| = | ||
| > | ||
| < | ||
| <> | ||
| <= | ( ) | |
| >= | ( ) |
| case of | case c of |
| -1: ; | 0: x:=x+1; |
| -2: ; | 1,2: x:=x-1; |
| -N: | 3..100: x:=-x |
| else | else |
| x:=0 | |
| end | end |
| - "to" | |
| for :=1 to 2 do | for i:=1 to n do |
| begin read(a); s:=s+a end |
| - "downto" | |
| for :=1 downto 2 do | for i:=n downto 0 do |
| write(i) |
| - | |
| while - do | while i<=n do |
| begin read(a); s:=s+a; i:=i+1 end |
| - | |
| repeat | repeat |
| write(i); i:=i-1 | |
| until - | until i=0 |
| () | array [ - ] of - | var a: array [ 1..100 ] of integer; |
| 2- () | array [ --1, --2 ] of -; | var a: array [ 1..M, 1..M ] of real; |
| 3- | array [ --1, --2, --3 ] of -; | var a: array [ 0..1, 0..M, 0..N ] of char; |
| 4- | array [ --1, --2, --3, --4 ] of -; | var a: array [ 0..1, 0..1, 0..1, 'a'..'z' ] of boolean; |
