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- . . : , , - , . (covert response cost) .

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6.

 

, , . , .

, , : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

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. , , . (Hoogduin, de Haan, Schaap, & Arts, 1987), . : Barlow, Agras, Leitenberg, Callahan, and Moore (1972), Barlow, Leitenberg, and Agras (1969), Barlow, Remold, and Agras (1973), Brownell, Hayes, and Barlow (1977), Cautela (1966, 1967, 1971a, 1971b), Hayes, Brownell, and Barlow (1978), Singer (1974), Thorpe and Olson (1997), O'Donohue (1997). , , (Lavigna, 1986).

(Casey & McMullin, 1976, 1985; McMullin, & Casey 1975).





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