, . , , (, , ..). , . ( ) .
, ( ) .
. 2.1.
, , , . , , , 䳺
F = Bli,
B ; l ; i . , , , . ( ), . , , , , . , , ( 10 ) . . . .
, .
, , (: 7...10 % 100 200 ; 2% 2502000). .
( ) , 1 ( 94 ) 1 .
|
|
DIN 45500, , , 1,2 ( 96 ) 1 1004000.
( ) , ( 100 ) ( " ") . 1,5...2 .
(Peak Music Power Output) , (≈ 2 ) . , . 5 .
, , 1 0,1 . . , 1000 .
, - ,
, | (2.1) |
l ; P , , ; l 0 = 1 ; P 0 = 0,1 .
г ,
, | (2.2) |
0 = 210-5 .
. () , 1 0,1 . , ( 1/3 )
. | (2.3) |
1008000.
, - , , (2.1)
. | (2.4) |
г , , (2.2)
. | (2.5) |
S, -1/2 , l , 1 1 :
. | (2.6) |
(2.6), , 1 , .
г ,
, | (2.7) |
S 0 = 210-5 -1/2 , .
S , , 1 1 :
|
|
. | (2.8) |
г ,
. | (2.9) |
( []), . , .
, , .
( ), . 10...18 .
( ) , () .
, .
, , , ( , ).
f 0, , .
, | (2.10) |
; .
() n- n- , , :
. | (2.11) |
n = 2 n = 3.
30%,
, | (2.12) |
pf .
pf pnf , p Σ .
- , , , , :
. | (2.13) |
. | (2.14) |
, N = 3.
, %
, | (2.15) |
, p Σ.
, 5 .
. | (2.16) |
. 100 10%.
Q ( ).
.
|
|
0,5...0,6.
䳿 () , , .
1. . (. 2.2) (), () , (), , , (), () . , .
, , 1.
- ( ) , , . . ( ) , ' "Cool Edit" "Sound Forge" .
, , . .
, , .
2. . .
(. 2.2) UR R 1 R 2, U R 1 . Z
. | (2.17) |
R 1 0,05 Z min ( 0,1...0,2 ). R 2 1% .
.
. 2.2, R 2 . , S. . , .
. 2.2 R 1, .
(. 2.3). R 1 20 . , S, , .
|
|
(. 2.4) .
. | (2.18) |
50...200 ( ) 1000 . :
1) (. 2.2 2.4), .
2) ϳ , 1000 ( ) , Z 1000.
3) f 10 V 1 , , Z.
4) , .
5) Z = F(f).
3. . Z = F(f) , Z = Z max. f 0.
4. . , 2, :
1) = 5...10 ( ), .
2) , 40 , , f 1, Z = Z max.
3) .
4)
. | (2.19) |
5) , (2.10)
. | (2.20) |
5. . . , Z = F(f).
R
, | (2.21) |
f 1 f 2
f 1 < f 0 < f 2 < f min1
, | (2.22) |
Z max. f min1 , Z min f 0.
, ,
. | (2.23) |
-
. | (2.24) |
, | (2.25) |
Δ f = f - f 0; f , f 0 f min1
. | (2.26) |
. | (2.27) |
. | (2.28) |
, .
6. . , 20...30 , , l . ϳ 璺 . dz , . 2.5. .
1000 ( ), ( ), U = 100...150 ( ), . , ( ).
|
|
, , , !!!
, , ( = U ). = 0,1 .
U
, | (2.29) |
, /.
(2.1) (2.2).
(2.6) (2.7) .
7. . , .6, 30º, (2.29) , . 1 (2.1). , .
α [] (2.2) . α, , 10 .
. 2.1.
2.1
α, . | U , | , | 1, | , |
8. () . , .
( U = const) , R ( R = Z 1000).
, . = const.
:
1) ϳ ( ) .6, ( ) 100...10000 1 . ij . U .
2) (2.29) (2.1) = F(f).
3) (2.2) = F(f).
4) , , - (. 1), = F(f).
5) N 150...5000 400...8000 3 1000 .
6) (2.3) (2.5).
7) (2.8) (2.9).
. 2.2.
2.2
f, | U , | , | , | , | , | , |
9. . (2.11) (2.16).
(2.29) :
p Σ - , V2 (.2.5);
pf pnf - , , .
, . 6 8.
, .
, .
10. . () U ≤ , . , , , .