5.6.1.
()
______________
, .
. () -
, ,
( , ) ,
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, .
______
_______________
,
.
_____________
, , V V + dV, .
R V, T R λ, T
_______________
( , λ v).
_______________
( ).
5.96 ______________________________________________________
, . , , , . . , , , , , .
5.97 ____________________________________________
; ( ) .
( )]
( ) ( ). , , , , ( ).
5.98 __________________________________
_________________________________________________
5.97.
__________________________________________
, 5.95.
_________________________________________
|
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Re .
!'
1;
V X
: ( ).
[<ε> = kT ν, h- ; ; ]
. , , .
______________________________________________
, ( ). , ( (), .. - ( - ).
,
[h= 6,63 10 -34 ; = 3 108 / ; ν ; λ ]
5.102 ____________
V,
( ) , [ h ; ν - ;
λ, λ ; k -
; ; ]
, .
5.103 ________________________
__________________________________________________________
hν >>kT ( ).
. . 5.100.
_____
________________
hν >>kT ( ).
... 5.100.
_ _______________________________________________________
_______
, , . , - 5( - 1) = 0.
, = 4,965.
, . . 5.99.
[h ; v ; k ; ; ( ) v, λ, ; λ ; ; σ ; b ]
. , , . , , .
|
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[ ;
;
v, λ, ; v ; λ ; σ ; ; ; v,T ; b ]
:
5.105 ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
(, , ) .
__________________________________________________________
. , ( ) .
_ ________________________________________________________
(-) ( ). .
5.106 _________
( ) , , . , ( ), . , , : 1) ; 2) ; 3) , , . (, 1898 , .
5.107 - __________________
I U .
, . U , . . . , . I U, , , . - , U= 0 . , , , V, , . , U0. U = U0 , Vx, . ,
U 0, .
5.108 ________________________ ________________________
|
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() ________
, , ( ).
__________________________________________________________________
( ) , v.
__________________________________________________________________
, . . v0 ( ), .
5.109 ____________________________________________________
.
- .
5.110 ( )____________________________________
____________________________________________
, . .
_____________________________________________
, ( ), , v .
_____________________________________________
( = ), V = 0 .
________________________________________
, v > v0.
5.111 __________________________________
, . . .
[ ; h ]
λ.0 (λ 0= )
5.112 U 0 v______
, , , v. v < v0 .
, .
5.113 ______________
__________________________________________________________
, . . 1 2 1 N , N , (1 - )N . ; 1 N :
- , - ; e = Nhv ( , 1 2 1 ); .
|
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________________________________________________________________
, , , , . ( ) , . , .
( γ-) ( ) , .
5.114 ___________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
λ , 9 .
[ λ ' ; λ ; ; h ; ; ]
5.115 ________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
. , . .
______________________________________________________________
. , , (). .
[ ; , 9; ]
________________________________________
(2+ hv = ()
( (. 5.115)
.