.


:




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5.6.1.

()

______________

, .

. () -
, ,
( , ) ,
. . -
, .

______

_______________

 

,

.

 

_____________

, , V V + dV, .

 

R V, T R λ, T

_______________

( , λ v).


_______________

( ).


5.96 ______________________________________________________

, . , , , . . , , , , , .

5.97 ____________________________________________

; ( ) .

( )]

( ) ( ). , , , , ( ).

5.98 __________________________________

_________________________________________________

5.97.

__________________________________________

, 5.95.

_________________________________________

Re .

 

!'

1;


V X

: ( ).

 

[<ε> = kT ν, h- ; ; ]

. , , .

______________________________________________

, ( ). , ( (), .. - ( - ).

,

[h= 6,63 10 -34 ; = 3 108 / ; ν ; λ ]


5.102 ____________

V,

( ) , [ h ; ν - ;

λ, λ ; k -

; ; ]

 

, .

 

5.103 ________________________

__________________________________________________________

hν >>kT ( ).

. . 5.100.

_____

________________

hν >>kT ( ).

 

... 5.100.

_ _______________________________________________________

_______

, , . , - 5( - 1) = 0.


, = 4,965.

, . . 5.99.

[h ; v ; k ; ; ( ) v, λ, ; λ ; ; σ ; b ]

. , , . , , .

 

[ ;

;

v, λ, ; v ; λ ; σ ; ; ; v,T ; b ]

 

 

:

5.105 ___________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

(, , ) .

__________________________________________________________

. , ( ) .

_ ________________________________________________________

(-) ( ). .

5.106 _________

( ) , , . , ( ), . , , : 1) ; 2) ; 3) , , . (, 1898 , .

5.107 - __________________

I U .

, . U , . . . , . I U, , , . - , U= 0 . , , , V, , . , U0. U = U0 , Vx, . ,

 

 

U 0, .

5.108 ________________________ ________________________

() ________

, , ( ).

__________________________________________________________________

( ) , v.

__________________________________________________________________

, . . v0 ( ), .

5.109 ____________________________________________________

.

- .

5.110 ( )____________________________________

____________________________________________

, . .

_____________________________________________

, ( ), , v .

_____________________________________________

( = ), V = 0 .

________________________________________

, v > v0.

5.111 __________________________________

, . . .

[ ; h ]

λ.00= )

5.112 U 0 v______

, , , v. v < v0 .

, .

5.113 ______________

__________________________________________________________

, . . 1 2 1 N , N , (1 - )N . ; 1 N :

- , - ; e = Nhv ( , 1 2 1 ); .

________________________________________________________________

, , , , . ( ) , . , .

 


( γ-) ( ) , .

5.114 ___________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________

λ , 9 .

[ λ ' ; λ ; ; h ; ; ]

5.115 ________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

. , . .

______________________________________________________________

. , , (). .

[ ; , 9; ]

________________________________________

(2+ hv = ()

( (. 5.115)

.




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