.. , .. , ..
,
-
. 2012
621.81
, .. . / .. , .. , .. ; . : - , 2012. 30 .
, , - , ( ), . . , . .
. 3 13 2012 .
........................................................................................... | |
1. .................................................................. | |
2. ....................................................... | |
2.1. ......................... | |
2.2. ... ....................................... | |
2.3. ...... | |
2.4. | |
2.5. ......... | |
2.6. ............................................................................... | |
2.7. ....................................................... | |
3. ........................... | |
3.1. ................................................................... | |
3.2. ............... | |
3.3. ....................................................... | |
4. ...................................................................... | |
5. .................................................................. |
, . , , , , . , .
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.
, . :
.
... .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1.
(.1) (). , ( ), . , , , .
(1, 2, n), . , . . . (ηi). , . .
1 -
2.
2.1
() ( , ) .
1) ( , ..):
= F×V,
F,V () (/) .
, V , (D), (ω) (n) :
V = Dω/2 V = π D n /60.
:
D = t∙10-3/sin(180/z), ,
t , ; z .
|
|
2)
= T ω.10-3,
ω = π∙n /30.
2.2 ...
h (hi) :
h = h1×h2....hn.
.1.
1 - ( )
η | |
(): (): (): (): () : . 30 . 14 30 . 8 14 ( ) ( ) | 0,96...0,98 0,95...0,97 0,930,95 0,920,94 0,95...0,97 0,92...0,96 0,72...0,82 0,70...0,80 0,75...0,85 0,80...0,90 0,94...0,96 0,92...0,95 0,98 0,99 |
2.3
:
..=/η.
2.4
(n) (ω) , , :
1) :
ω = 2V/ D, n= 30ω/ π
2) , .
2.5
- . , ( ) , , , () . ..:
u = u1 u2.... un, (1)
ui (i = 1,2, , n).
, umin umx. (1), ui.
.2 .3.
2.6
, , :
2 -
: (u) | 350 HB 4056 HRC 5663 HRC | u 2,5...5,6 2,5...5,6 2...4 | u 6,3 6,3 5,6 |
(u) | 350 HB 4056 HRC 5663 HRC | 3,15...5,6 3,15...5 2,5...4 | 8,0 7,1 6,3 |
(u) | 350 HB 4056 HRC 5663 HRC | 4...6,3 4...6,3 3,15...5 | 8,0 7,1 6,3 |
1...2,5 | 3,15 | ||
350 HB 40 HRC | 1...4 1...4 | 6,3 5,0 | |
- | 16...50 |
3 -
|
|
u | |
3...7 | |
2...5 | |
( ), | 2...4 |
- | 2...12 |
2.7
. .
. 4 :
1) ; 2) ,
- . n - .
: 5%.
, . , .
4.1 -
, | (/ n, -1) | |||
1,5 2,2 5,5 7,5 18,5 | 802/2850 802/2850 90L2/2850 100S2/2850 100L2/2850 112M2/2895 132M2/2910 160S2/29101 160M2/29101 | 80B4/1395 90L4/1395 100S4/1410 100L4/1410 112M4/1432 132S4/1440 132M4/1447 160S4/14552 160M4/14552 | 90L6/925 100L6/945 112MA6/950 112MB6/950 132S6/960 132M6/960 160S6/9704 160M6/9705 180M6/9803 | 100L8/702 112MA8/709 112MB8/709 132S8/716 132M8/712 160S8/7273 160M8/7273 180M8/731 - |
: 1. max / T = 2,2; , : 1 - =2,7; 2 - =2,9; 3 - =2,4; 4 - =2,5; 5 - =2,6. 2. : 100L2 16 525.564 - 84.
IM1081
IM3081
1. . . 4 , , 90L, 100S, 112. h . ( h). , .
2. h , . , , , .
3. n .
4. 1500 -1.
5. 750 -1 .
4.2 .
IM1081, IM3081 | IM1081 | IM3081 | ||||||||||||||||||
d1 | l1 | l30 | b1 | h1 | d30 | l10 | l31 | d10 | b10 | h | h10 | h31 | l20 | l21 | d20 | d22 | d24 | d23 | h31 | |
2,4,6 | 3,5 | |||||||||||||||||||
M10 | ||||||||||||||||||||
M12 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2,4,6,8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
4,6,8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
2,4,6,8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
4,6,8 | ||||||||||||||||||||
4,6,8 | M16 | |||||||||||||||||||
4,6,8 |
. 1. d22 () () 2. : ; ; ; .
|
|
3.
3.1
:
u = n /n,
n .
, .
1. ui u.
2. ,
,
,
3. , 2 ( ) .3 ( ).
4. , u u (.5).
5. , . . 6.1 6.2. Ra 40 ( 8032-84). 2,5% u 4,5. 4% u.
5 -
(, ) | u | ||||
[] | () | ||||
[7,140] | (12,525) | u / u | |||
[7,140] | (12,522,4) | u / u | |||
- | [840] | (12,520) | u / u | ||
- | [16200] | (31,5125) | u / u | ||
- | 50400 | u £50 | |||
u / u | |||||
u >50 | |||||
u / u | 6,3 | ||||
6.1 -
, | ||
u | 1; 1,12; 1,25; 1,4; 1,6; 1,8; 2,0; 2,24; 2,5; 2,8; 3,15; 3,55; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0; 5,6; 6,3; 7,1; 8,0 | 8; 9; 10; 11,2; 12,5; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22,4; 25; 28; 31,5; 35,5; 40; 45; 50; 56; 63; 71 |
6.2 -
( 2185-66 ; 2144-93 )
(u = u ´ u) | |||
1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,24 2,5 2,8 3,15 3,55 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,6 6,3 7,1 | 11,2 12,5 22,4 31,5 35,5 | 8=2,0´4,0 92,24´4,0 10=2,5´4,0 11,2=2,8´4,0 12,53,15´4,0 143,15´4,5 16=3,55´4,5 18=4,0´4,5 204,5´4,5 22,44,5´5,0 25=5,0´5,0 28=5,6´5,0 31,5=6,3´5,0 35,56,3´5,6 407,1´5,6 | 82,5´3,15 92,8´3,15 103,15´3,15 11,2=2,8´4,0 12,53,15´4,0 143,55´4,0 16=4,0´4,0 18=4,0´4,5 204,5´4,5 22,44,5´5,0 25=5,0´5,0 28=5,0´5,6 31,5=5,0´6,3 35,55,6´6,3 406,3´6,3 |
: 1. u, .
|
|
2. , - (. . 5).
.
3.2
(n) .
ω= π∙n /30, -1.
n(i-1) , (..1),
, -1,
, -1.
3.3
, .
, . ..:
= . .
i= (i-1)∙ηi, ,
i ,
(i-1) - ,
ηi .
, ∙.
,
, , 7.
7 -
: -, = , n = -1, d = . | |||||
, -1 | , -1 | , | , . | ||
u = u = u = u = u = | |||||
4.
1. : F = 10 ; V = 0,5 /; t = 100 ; z = 13.
1 ;
2 ;
3 ;
4 ;
5 ;
6 ();
:
1.
1)
= F∙V=10∙0,5=5 .
2)
h = h∙h∙h∙h∙h, = 0,98∙0,972∙0,94∙0,99 = 0,86,
h = 0,98 (.1),
h = 0,97 ,
h = 0,97 ,
h = 0,94 ,
h = 0,99 .
3)
..= /η = 5/0,86 = 5,81
4) .
D = t ∙10-3/ sin (180/ z) = 100∙10-3/ sin (180/13) = 0,418
ω = 2V/ D = 2∙0,5/0,418 = 2,39 -1,
n= 30ω/ π = 30∙2,39/3,14 =22,85 -1.
5)
u = u u u,
, u ,
u ,
u .
.2 3 u = (3,15...5), u = (2,5...5,6), u = (2...5),
u = (3,15...5)∙(2,5...5,6)∙(2...5) = 16...140.
6)
n. . = (umin... umx) n = (16...140)∙22,85 = 256...2240 -1.
7) .
.2.7 132/960 = 7,5 n = 960 -1, d = 38 .
2.
1)
u= n /n = 960/22,85 = 42,
2) u .
.
. 3 u = u = 3,
u = 42/3 = 14.
. 5
, ,
u = 3,15 u = 4,5
u. = u∙u = 3,15∙4,5 = 14,175
4%. , u = 4,5, u =3.15, u = 3.
3)
n = 960 -1; ω = π∙n /30 = 3,14∙960/30 = 100,5 -1,
n = n =960 -1; ω = ω = 100,5 -1
n = n / u =960/3,15=305 -1, ω = ω / u = 31,9 -1
n = n / u =305/4,5=68 -1; ω = ω / u = 7,1 -1
nB = n / u =68/3=22,6 -1; ω = ω / u = 2,36 -1.
:
,
4%.
3.
1)
= .. = 5,81 ,
= ∙η = 5,81∙0,98 = 5,69 ,
= ∙h = 5,93∙0,97 = 5,52 ,
.= .h = 5,75. 0,97= 5,36 ,
= ∙h∙h = 5,75∙0,94∙0,99 = 4,99
.
2)
8.
8 -
h = 0,86 | |||||
: - 132/960, = 7,5 , n = 960-1, d = 38 . | |||||
, -1 | , -1 | , | , ∙ | ||
100,5 | 5,81 | u = 42 u = 3 u = 4,5 u =3,15 u = 14 | |||
100,5 | 5,69 | ||||
31,9 | 5,52 | ||||
7,1 | 5,36 | ||||
22,6 | 2,36 |
2. : = 5 , n = 18 -1.
1 ,
2 ,
3
.
:
1.
1)
h = h∙h = 0,95∙0,8 = 0,76,
h = 0,95 (. 1),
h = 0,8 ,
.. = /η = 5/0,76 = 6,58
2)
u = u∙u,
, u ,
u .
2 3 u = (2...4), u = (16...50),
u = (2...4)∙(16...50) = 32...200.
3)
n. . = (umin... umx) n = (32...200)∙18 = 576...3600 -1.
4) .
.2.7 132S4/1440 = 7,5 n = 1440 -1 d = 38 .
2.
1)
u= n /n = 1440/18 = 80
2) u .
,
.
. 2 6.2 u = u = 28,
u = u = 80/28 = 2,86,
n = 1440 -1; ω = π∙n /30 = 3,14∙1440/30 = 151 -1,
n = n / u =1440/2,86 = 503 -1; ω= ω / u = 151/2,86 = 53 -1.
()
n = n / u = 503/28=18 -1; ω= ω / u = 53/28 =1,9 -1.
3.
1)
= .. = 6,58 ,
= ∙η = 6,58∙0,95 = 6,25 ,
()
= ∙h = 6,25∙0,8 = 5 ,
2)
()
9 -
h = 0,76 | |||||
: - 132/1440, = 7,5 , n = 1440-1, d = 38 . | |||||
, -1 | , -1 | , | , ∙ | ||
6,85 | u = 80 u = 2,86 u = 28 | ||||
6,25 | |||||
() | 1,9 |
3. : = 5 , n = 260 -1.
:
1.
1).
h = h∙h∙h∙h = 0,98∙0,96∙0,94∙0,99 = 0,875,
h = 0,98 (.1),
h =0,96 ,
h = 0,94 ,
h = 0,99 .
.. = /η = 5/0,876 = 5,71
2)
u = u∙u,
, u ,
u .
.2 3 u = (1...4), u = (2...5),
u = (1...4)∙(2...5) = 2...20.
3)
n. . = (umin... umx)∙ n = (2...20)∙260 = 520...5200 -1.
4) .
.2.7 132S4/1440 = 7,5 n = 1440 -1, d = 38 .
2.
1)
u= n /n = 1440/260 = 5,54,
2) u .
,
.
. 2 6.2 u = u = 2,
u = u = 5,54/2 = 2,77
3)
n = 1440 -1; ω = π∙n /30 = 3,14∙1440/30 = 151 -1,
n = n = 1440 -1; ω= ω = 151 -1.
n = n / u =1440/2=720 -1; ω = ω / u = 151/2 =75,5 -1.
n = n / u =720/2,77=260 -1; ω= ω / u = 75,5/2,77 =27,3 -1.
3.
1)
= . . = 5,71 ,
= ∙η = 6,58∙0,98 = 5,6
= ∙h = 5,6∙0,96= 5,37
= ∙h∙h = 6,19∙0,94∙0,99 = 5 ,
2)
()
4. 10.
10 -
h = 0,875 | |||||
: - 132/1440, = 7,5, n =1440-1, d = 38 . | |||||
, -1 | , -1 | , | , ∙ | ||
5,71 | u = 5,54 u = 2 u = 2,77 | ||||
5,6 | |||||
75,5 | 5,37 | ||||
27,3 |
5.
1. .. . / .. , .. ., 2001. 447 .
2. .. : / .. . .. . : - , 2005. 28 .
3. : / . .. , .. . ., 1984. 247 .
4. . : . / . .. . ., 1993. 464 .