.


:




:

































 

 

 

 


.. , .. , ..

 

,

 

-

. 2012


621.81

 

, .. . / .. , .. , .. ; . : - , 2012. 30 .

 

, , - , ( ), . . , . .

 

. 3 13 2012 .


 

...........................................................................................  
1. ..................................................................  
2. .......................................................  
2.1. .........................  
2.2. ... .......................................  
2.3. ......  
2.4.  
2.5. .........  
2.6. ...............................................................................  
2.7. .......................................................  
3. ...........................  
3.1. ...................................................................  
3.2. ...............  
3.3. .......................................................  
4. ......................................................................  
5. ..................................................................  

 


 

, . , , , , . , .

.

, . :

.

... .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.


1.

 

(.1) (). , ( ), . , , , .

(1, 2, n), . , . . . (ηi). , . .

 
 


 

1 -


2.

 

2.1

() ( , ) .

1) ( , ..):

= F×V,

F,V () (/) .

, V , (D), (ω) (n) :

V = Dω/2 V = π D n /60.

:

D = t∙10-3/sin(180/z), ,

t , ; z .

2)

= T ω.10-3,

ω = π∙n /30.

 

2.2 ...

h (hi) :

h = h1×h2....hn.

.1.

 


1 - ( )

η
(): (): (): (): () : . 30 . 14 30 . 8 14 ( ) ( )   0,96...0,98 0,95...0,97   0,930,95 0,920,94   0,95...0,97 0,92...0,96 0,72...0,82   0,70...0,80 0,75...0,85 0,80...0,90 0,94...0,96 0,92...0,95 0,98 0,99

 

2.3

:

..=.

2.4

(n) (ω) , , :


1) :

ω = 2V/ D, n= 30ω/ π

2) , .

 

2.5

- . , ( ) , , , () . ..:

u = u1 u2.... un, (1)

ui (i = 1,2, , n).

, umin umx. (1), ui.

.2 .3.

 

2.6


, , :

2 -

  : (u)     350 HB 4056 HRC 5663 HRC u 2,5...5,6 2,5...5,6 2...4 u 6,3 6,3 5,6
(u) 350 HB 4056 HRC 5663 HRC 3,15...5,6 3,15...5 2,5...4 8,0 7,1 6,3
(u) 350 HB 4056 HRC 5663 HRC 4...6,3 4...6,3 3,15...5 8,0 7,1 6,3
1...2,5 3,15
350 HB 40 HRC 1...4 1...4 6,3 5,0
- 16...50  

 

3 -

u
3...7
2...5
( ), 2...4
- 2...12

 


2.7

. .

. 4 :

1) ; 2) ,

- . n - .

: 5%.

, . , .

4.1 -

, (/ n, -1)
       
1,5 2,2 5,5 7,5 18,5 802/2850 802/2850 90L2/2850 100S2/2850 100L2/2850 112M2/2895 132M2/2910 160S2/29101 160M2/29101 80B4/1395 90L4/1395 100S4/1410 100L4/1410 112M4/1432 132S4/1440 132M4/1447 160S4/14552 160M4/14552 90L6/925 100L6/945 112MA6/950 112MB6/950 132S6/960 132M6/960 160S6/9704 160M6/9705 180M6/9803 100L8/702 112MA8/709 112MB8/709 132S8/716 132M8/712 160S8/7273 160M8/7273 180M8/731 -

: 1. max / T = 2,2; , : 1 - =2,7; 2 - =2,9; 3 - =2,4; 4 - =2,5; 5 - =2,6. 2. : 100L2 16 525.564 - 84.



IM1081


IM3081

 

1. . . 4 , , 90L, 100S, 112. h . ( h). , .

2. h , . , , , .

3. n .

4. 1500 -1.

5. 750 -1 .

 

 


4.2 .

 
IM1081, IM3081 IM1081 IM3081
d1 l1 l30 b1 h1 d30 l10 l31 d10 b10 h h10 h31 l20 l21 d20 d22 d24 d23 h31
2,4,6                           3,5            
                      M10  
 
                                   
                         
    M12
2,4,6,8                              
4,6,8                              
2,4,6,8    
                           
4,6,8      
           
4,6,8       M16
                                 
4,6,8      

. 1. d22 () () 2. : ; ; ; .


3.

 

3.1

:

u = n /n,

n .

, .

1. ui u.

2. ,

,

,

3. , 2 ( ) .3 ( ).

4. , u u (.5).

5. , . . 6.1 6.2. Ra 40 ( 8032-84). 2,5% u 4,5. 4% u.

5 -

(, ) u
[] ()
[7,140] (12,525) u / u  
[7,140] (12,522,4) u / u
- [840] (12,520) u / u
- [16200] (31,5125) u / u
- 50400 u £50
  u / u
u >50
u / u 6,3
           

6.1 -

,
u 1; 1,12; 1,25; 1,4; 1,6; 1,8; 2,0; 2,24; 2,5; 2,8; 3,15; 3,55; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0; 5,6; 6,3; 7,1; 8,0 8; 9; 10; 11,2; 12,5; 14; 16; 18; 20; 22,4; 25; 28; 31,5; 35,5; 40; 45; 50; 56; 63; 71

 

6.2 -

( 2185-66 ; 2144-93 )

(u = u ´ u)
   
1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,24 2,5 2,8 3,15 3,55 4,0 4,5 5,0 5,6 6,3 7,1 11,2 12,5 22,4 31,5 35,5 8=2,0´4,0 92,24´4,0 10=2,5´4,0 11,2=2,8´4,0 12,53,15´4,0 143,15´4,5 16=3,55´4,5 18=4,0´4,5 204,5´4,5 22,44,5´5,0 25=5,0´5,0 28=5,6´5,0 31,5=6,3´5,0 35,56,3´5,6 407,1´5,6 82,5´3,15 92,8´3,15 103,15´3,15 11,2=2,8´4,0 12,53,15´4,0 143,55´4,0 16=4,0´4,0 18=4,0´4,5 204,5´4,5 22,44,5´5,0 25=5,0´5,0 28=5,0´5,6 31,5=5,0´6,3 35,55,6´6,3 406,3´6,3

: 1. u, .

2. , - (. . 5).

.

 

3.2

(n) .

ω= π∙n /30, -1.


n(i-1) , (..1),

, -1,

, -1.

 

3.3

, .

, . ..:

= . .

i= (i-1)∙ηi, ,

i ,

(i-1) - ,

ηi .

, ∙.

,


, , 7.

 

7 -

: -, = , n = -1, d = .
, -1 , -1 , , .
        u = u = u = u = u =
       
       
       
       

 


4.

 

1. : F = 10 ; V = 0,5 /; t = 100 ; z = 13.

1 ;

2 ;

3 ;

4 ;

5 ;

6 ();

 

:

1.

1)

= F∙V=10∙0,5=5 .

2)

h = h∙h∙h∙h∙h, = 0,98∙0,972∙0,94∙0,99 = 0,86,

h = 0,98 (.1),

h = 0,97 ,

h = 0,97 ,

h = 0,94 ,

h = 0,99 .

3)

..= = 5/0,86 = 5,81


4) .

D = t ∙10-3/ sin (180/ z) = 100∙10-3/ sin (180/13) = 0,418

ω = 2V/ D = 2∙0,5/0,418 = 2,39 -1,

n= 30ω/ π = 30∙2,39/3,14 =22,85 -1.

5)

u = u u u,

, u ,

u ,

u .

.2 3 u = (3,15...5), u = (2,5...5,6), u = (2...5),

u = (3,15...5)∙(2,5...5,6)∙(2...5) = 16...140.

6)

n. . = (umin... umx) n = (16...140)∙22,85 = 256...2240 -1.

7) .

.2.7 132/960 = 7,5 n = 960 -1, d = 38 .

2.

1)

u= n /n = 960/22,85 = 42,

2) u .

.

. 3 u = u = 3,

u = 42/3 = 14.


. 5

, ,

u = 3,15 u = 4,5

u. = u∙u = 3,15∙4,5 = 14,175

4%. , u = 4,5, u =3.15, u = 3.

3)

n = 960 -1; ω = π∙n /30 = 3,14∙960/30 = 100,5 -1,

n = n =960 -1; ω = ω = 100,5 -1

n = n / u =960/3,15=305 -1, ω = ω / u = 31,9 -1

n = n / u =305/4,5=68 -1; ω = ω / u = 7,1 -1

nB = n / u =68/3=22,6 -1; ω = ω / u = 2,36 -1.

:

,

4%.

3.

1)


= .. = 5,81 ,

= ∙η = 5,81∙0,98 = 5,69 ,

= ∙h = 5,93∙0,97 = 5,52 ,

.= .h = 5,75. 0,97= 5,36 ,

= ∙h∙h = 5,75∙0,94∙0,99 = 4,99

.

2)


8.

8 -

h = 0,86
: - 132/960, = 7,5 , n = 960-1, d = 38 .
, -1 , -1 , , ∙
  100,5 5,81   u = 42 u = 3 u = 4,5 u =3,15 u = 14
  100,5 5,69  
  31,9 5,52  
  7,1 5,36  
22,6 2,36    

2. : = 5 , n = 18 -1.

 

1 ,

2 ,

3

.

 

:

1.

1)

h = h∙h = 0,95∙0,8 = 0,76,

h = 0,95 (. 1),

h = 0,8 ,

.. = = 5/0,76 = 6,58

2)

u = u∙u,

, u ,

u .

2 3 u = (2...4), u = (16...50),

u = (2...4)∙(16...50) = 32...200.

3)

n. . = (umin... umx) n = (32...200)∙18 = 576...3600 -1.

4) .

.2.7 132S4/1440 = 7,5 n = 1440 -1 d = 38 .

2.

1)

u= n /n = 1440/18 = 80

2) u .

,

.

. 2 6.2 u = u = 28,

u = u = 80/28 = 2,86,

n = 1440 -1; ω = π∙n /30 = 3,14∙1440/30 = 151 -1,

n = n / u =1440/2,86 = 503 -1; ω= ω / u = 151/2,86 = 53 -1.


()

n = n / u = 503/28=18 -1; ω= ω / u = 53/28 =1,9 -1.

3.

1)

= .. = 6,58 ,

= ∙η = 6,58∙0,95 = 6,25 ,

()

= ∙h = 6,25∙0,8 = 5 ,

2)

()


9 -

h = 0,76
: - 132/1440, = 7,5 , n = 1440-1, d = 38 .
, -1 , -1 , , ∙
    6,85   u = 80 u = 2,86 u = 28  
    6,25  
()   1,9    

3. : = 5 , n = 260 -1.

 

:

1.

1).

h = h∙h∙h∙h = 0,98∙0,96∙0,94∙0,99 = 0,875,

h = 0,98 (.1),

h =0,96 ,

h = 0,94 ,

h = 0,99 .


.. = = 5/0,876 = 5,71

2)

u = u∙u,

, u ,

u .

.2 3 u = (1...4), u = (2...5),

u = (1...4)∙(2...5) = 2...20.

3)

n. . = (umin... umx)∙ n = (2...20)∙260 = 520...5200 -1.

4) .

.2.7 132S4/1440 = 7,5 n = 1440 -1, d = 38 .

2.

1)

u= n /n = 1440/260 = 5,54,

2) u .

,

.

. 2 6.2 u = u = 2,

u = u = 5,54/2 = 2,77

3)

n = 1440 -1; ω = π∙n /30 = 3,14∙1440/30 = 151 -1,

n = n = 1440 -1; ω= ω = 151 -1.


n = n / u =1440/2=720 -1; ω = ω / u = 151/2 =75,5 -1.

n = n / u =720/2,77=260 -1; ω= ω / u = 75,5/2,77 =27,3 -1.

3.

1)

= . . = 5,71 ,

= ∙η = 6,58∙0,98 = 5,6

= ∙h = 5,6∙0,96= 5,37

= ∙h∙h = 6,19∙0,94∙0,99 = 5 ,

2)

()

4. 10.


10 -

h = 0,875
: - 132/1440, = 7,5, n =1440-1, d = 38 .
, -1 , -1 , , ∙
    5,71   u = 5,54 u = 2 u = 2,77  
    5,6  
  75,5 5,37  
  27,3    

 


5.

 

1. .. . / .. , .. ., 2001. 447 .

2. .. : / .. . .. . : - , 2005. 28 .

3. : / . .. , .. . ., 1984. 247 .

4. . : . / . .. . ., 1993. 464 .



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