4-5 % . , . 10178-85 45 , 10 . .
CaSO42H2O ( CsHx). , . , . , . ( ). CaSO4nH2O . : CaSO4nH2O 3 CaSO4 , "" ( Ettringen ) ( 19). CaSO4, "" ( -3), "AFt - ". , "" ( ), "AFm-" ( 20). (). . > 2,35 SO42-/. ; () 21 3 . , , ; .
:
C3A + 3CsH2 + 26H → C3A3CsH32 19
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, AFt-
:
C3A + CsH2 + 10H → C3ACsH12 20
, AFm-
3:
C3A + C3A3CsH32 + 4H → 3C3ACsH12 21
, , . ESEM , , "" -S-H . , , ( 500 ), 3 . "" , , . , . . , 3/ ( ), , , . , , . () ( 2,5 ), 3 . 1.35 , 4 . 3A , [4, 5, 33, 121] 3. . , . 3/CsH2 , 1.21, .
1.21 - C3/CsH2
3/Cs H2 | |
>3 | |
3,0 | |
1,0... 3,0 | |
1,0 | |
<1,0 | C4AH13, C2AH8 3(Cs,CH)12 |
C3AH6 |
1.35 - ; : 2 ; : ( 1-2,5 ) 4 CEM I 32,5R
, [131]. . , ( 1.36).
, "" (. " Ettringites"). . . 70 , . . , . , AFm AFt , , , C-S-H-. , C-S-H- . . , , , , , [132].
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1.36 - , () ()
1.1.10.3 (C4AF)
C4AF . , , C4AF C4AF . . , . , . (AFt = - ) ; ESEM . . - . , ( C6AF2 C2A.... C2F) [5, 121, 120, 133].
C4AF . 3 . 22 :
24AF + 32H → C4(A,F)H13 + 22(A,F) + (A,F)H3 22
23 :
C4(A,F)H13 + 22(A,F) → 2C3(A,F)H6 +9H 23
( , AFt) , , ( -) - (AFm) :
3C4AF + 12CsH2 + 110H → 4C3(A,F)3CsH32 + 2(A,F)H3 24
Eisenettringit, Aft
4C3(A,F)3CsH32+3C4AF+12CsH2+14H→4C3(A,F)∙CsH12+2(A,F)H3 - 25
-, AFm
, C4AF C4AF. , , 3 ()2. l- , , Fe- C4AF, . , -, , , . , . , C4AF , . , , , , - . C4AF .
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, . . , . , . 1.37 , (Ca(OH)2), .
1.37 - , (Ca(OH)2), [4, 134]
1976-1983. , , . (. 1.38) ( 10%) , . 1 2 .% (. 1.37 ). , , .
1.38 - ( , ) [134]:
1 ; 2 ;
3 ; 4 ();
5 ;
6 - ; 7 ;
8 ; 9 ; 10 ,
. , , . C-S-H-. , , , , ESEM. C-S-H- , , . . () , ; (-1). [31, 134, 149].
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, .
()2 ( 1.38). , . , . ()2 , 3 C4AF, . ( ) . SO3 , , . SO3 , .
1 . ()2 . , , .
.
( ) 13 , .
46 . . SO42- , .
, - ( ) 1 . SO42- , C3AHx , ( ):
3CaOAl2O33CaSO431H2O + 2(3CaOAl2O313H2O)
3(3CaOAl2O3CaSO412H2O) + 21H2O
(. 1.38). 4(,F)13. , . . ( 1.38).
( 28 ) , . , , ; .
. .. : C3A>C4AF>C3S>C2S C3S>C3A>C4AF>C2S.
, , CaO, SiO2, Al2O3 Fe2O3. , : C3S()> C3A> C4AF >C2S().
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- ESEM - STARK , ( 1.39) [135, 136, 137, 138, 139]. :
(K2SO4CaSO4H2O) , K2SO4. , , (. 1.40 ). . 4-6 , , . ;
;
C-S-H- ( 300 ) ( 1,5 ). , , -S- , Esem.
1.39 - [137]
1.40 - : (); - 30
. 1.41 [127], . :
;
10 3 ; CaSO4 "" ;
10 C3S , -S-H;
18 - ; C3S, ;
1-3 3 ( 1);
2 . C-S-H- , , - .
. , , -, . , . . , , . , . , , , . , . , 1- 2- . , .
1.41- [5] [127]
, . 2.1.11. 1.22 [4, 134, 149].
1.22 - [33]
, | , | |||
( ) | 500 / | 250 / | 1340 / | 420 / |
, % | 0,05 | 0,02 | 0,10 | 0,02 |
- | α >β>>γ | ( MgO -); | ||
Ca(OH)2 → ; → | Ca()2→ | → - |