1. :
1. | |
2. | |
3. | |
4. | |
5. | |
6. | |
7. |
- .
3. 2.2 , - , .. .
4. 2.3.1 2.3.2 . . , .
2.3.3. 2.3.4 , (TP) (L), : (TP2-TP1)/ (L2 L1). , 2.3.3 MPL = (68-26)/(2-1) = 42.
() . , . 1 2.
= ﴾(68-26)/26﴿/﴾﴾2-1﴿/1﴿=1,6- , , 1,6%.
.
.
(2.4.1 2.4.2) . , : :
MPL/PL = MPK/PK B = L×PL + K×PK/
, . - , α ß, , , , , , , .
|
|
(), α ß. , .
(2.4.3 2.4.4). , , , , , , . .
, (2.4.5 2.4.6) : .
2.5.1 2.5.2 , , :
=FC+VC | ATC = TC/Q | TC=ATC×Q |
FC>0 Q=0 | AVC = VC/Q | FC=AFC×Q |
MC=ΔTC/ΔQ | AFC=FC/Q | VC=AVC×Q |
MC=ΔVC/ΔQ | ATC=AFC+AVC | TC2=TC1+MC×ΔQ |
2.6.1 2.6.3 , . , , , , , . :
TR=P×Q | TC=ATC×Q | MI = TR-VC |
P=TR/Q | FC=AFC×Q | = FC/(P-AVC) |
Q=TR/P | VC=AVC×Q | LF =(Qfact )/ Qfact |
PF=TR-TC | ATC=AFC+AVC | LO= (FC+PF)/ PF |
, . , , , . .
2.7.1 2.7.3 . :MR=MC. (TR), . ( ) Q.
3.
:
3.1. .
3.2. .
|
|
3.3. .
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
3.7
3.8. , .
:
3.1. , 2013 . (http://ac.gov.ru/files/publication/a/3112.pdf).
1 - | ||||
, % | , % | , % | , % | |
1. , | 24,0 | 22,0 | 27,0 | 18,0 |
2. | 23,0 | 25,0 | 31,0 | 13,0 |
3. | 25,0 | 27,0 | 29,0 | 11,0 |
4. . | 22,0 | 33,0 | 36,0 | 6,0 |
5. | 16,0 | 25,0 | 43,0 | 8,0 |
6. Ƹ | 18,0 | 18,0 | 42,0 | 6,0 |
7. | 19,0 | 29,0 | 42,0 | 5,0 |
8. | 15,0 | 24,0 | 46,0 | 9,0 |
9. | 17,0 | 22,0 | 49,0 | 9,0 |
10. | 18,0 | 26,0 | 46,0 | 5,0 |
11. | 15,0 | 27,0 | 48,0 | 4,0 |
: 1). . 2). ? 3). ? |
3.2. :
3. : |
1910 . . Ÿ . . : , 0,008% , c ! 20 . . 12 , e 900 , 250 . 80% , , . , . . 755.000 m², 200 . , , . . , . , ? , . .. , , . , , , . clocks - . 16, 4 4 , . . - , : -, , , . . , : , . , , , . - , - . , , . . , 10 . , . , ( ) , +2+4 , . . , , . - , , , - . , . , . |
: 1. , , ? 2. ? 3. ? ? 4. ? 5. ? ? 6. ? 7. , ? 8. ? |
3.3. .
|
|
4. |
53 91 . . 67 %. "" , , . , , . , 70- , "" , 40-50%. , . : , , . 16 , . 39,2 . , 10 . 3 . . 2005 . - "" -155, - "-" 1,8 . , "" -155 "" , "" . , AG Capital "" 60%, - - 80%. 2005 " " , " ". 1,9 . . . 9- . , " ", 50% , . , . . , , . 20052007 67 78 . . , -, 75 . 810 . - . 2008 . 6,52% Holcim. , , 1,5 . . Holcim 70 , . 2000- -. . (, ), . - , , , , - . . . , , , . 2008 . : , , "" , . " " , . 6 . . 18 . , " ", : , . . , , , . , , , 2030- . , , ( ). |
: 1). ? ? 2). ? 3). ? 4). ? 5). ? ? 6). ? 7). ? 8). , ? 9). , ? ? 10). ? 11). , ? 12). , ? 13). ? ? |
3.4. .
|
|
|
|
5. |
1998 , - . , , ( ). . . . , -. , : . : ?, , : 10, 15, 25, 50 ? . . , , 25 . . 260 -, 7 , 2 1 . 3 3000 . ( , KFC ). CNN , The Daily Meal , , USA Today , . , . , , . , , . . , . . , , . 365 25 . , 30 . . 6,5 . . I 2015 . 20 %. 2014 295 . 320 . . (280-300 .). , , , 30% , - . , . . . : . , . . . , , . , , . 2009 , , 6-8%. . . : 10-15% 25-30% . 2008 , . , . 10% , 12%. , , . 99% . : , , 200, 177 . : . , , . , - . , Valio, . , , . 300 . . . 1,5 . . ! 18 . . ! : . , , . , ,- . , , . , , , . , . , . , , - - , : , , . : . McDonald's, Burger King KFC. , McDonald's, Euromonitor International, 19,6%; Restaurant Brands International (Burger King) 8,2%; Yum! Brands Inc (KFC, Pizza Hut) 8%. . 2016 39% (33,6 . .) (38,6%). , 3%, 18%, 6%. , 1,9%, , -. - . 2011 . , . : . , : , , . , , . . , . . , . , . . -, . 3% , 3 . . 36 . . . . , . , , . 2016 . - 7- , Madison Square Garden. , fast casual, ( , , , ). , , . , , -8 CNN 10 , The Daily Meal. http://www.teremok.ru/press_about_us/ |
: 1. ? ? 2. , . . 3. , ? , ? , , , .. ? 4. . ? 5. 10% 2008 . ? , , , , , ? 6. , ? ? 7. ( ? ? 8. -? . ? 9. , ? . ? |
3.5. 2, ? .
6. 2, ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ele2 AB . - . 1970- Tele 2 , Comvik. 88- GSM, . Tele 2 1993 . IKEA, Jan Stenbeck : . , 1997 2004 : , , , , . 2003 GSM , Tele2 . Tele2 , : . 20-25%. , 2012 . Tele2 , . 66 35 . , , . , . , , 2- 4 . , , . 2 . , - . 2 . "" . Tele2 2013 , 43 . 2013 . 23.2 . , 2010 , (34,7 %) EBITDA. 2 . . , 2006 , : 2: !, , . , , , , , . , , Tele 2: !, , , , . 2012 1.
2 3G, 4G, , .. : , . 2 . 2013 , Tele2 : . 4 - . 100% Tele2 , 2,4 . Tele2 , . Tele2 , 2014 (50%) . 2 , 2014 . 2 . , 3G 4G . 22 2015 . . (. 2., 2015 .)
, . IV 2014 . Tele2 , , .
3
, 2 2016 . , 2 . Tele2 value for money - . 2, , lifestyle enabler ( ; , ), , . , ( ). , 2 . | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
: 1. ? (3) 1. 2. 2? , ? 3. . 4. , ? ? 5. 2? 6. , ? 7. . 2 2012 ? 8. , 2015 ? |