4.1 .
4.2 .
5
5.1 .
5.2 .
5.3 .
5.4 .
6
6.1 .
6.2 .
6.3 .
6.4 .
3 - (2 )
7 -
7.1 . .
. 13 ,
. 14
7.2 .
7.3 .
7.4 . .
7.5 .
σ = 
≤ [σ]; (3)
σ = 
≤[σ]; (4)
σ = 
≤[σ]. (5)
4
8
8.1 .
. 15
8.2 . , .
8.3 . , . .
. 16
8.4 . .
8.5 .
9
9.1 .
9.2 .
9.3 .
10
10.1 .
10.2 .
10.3 .
10.4 .
5
11
11.1 .
. 17
11.2 . .
11.3 .
12
12.1 . . .
. 18 (z)
. 19
. 20
12.2 . . .
. 21
. 22
|
|
|
τ = 
; (6)
τmax = 
. (7)
13
13.1 .
. 23
; (8)
θ(z) = 
; (9)
(z) = 
; (10)
(z) = 0 + 
. (11)
13.2 .
14
14.1 .
14.2 .
14.3 .
:
15
15.1 .
15.2 .
15.3 .
16 2, 4 5
