2
:
=45 ;
d = 2 .
), 2, -?
) J , 4, -?
) r 1, -?
:
d = 2 = 2·45 = 90 ;
) , () :
. = 
= 
= 6358,5 2.
= 2 = 452 = 2025 2.
= . - = 6358,5 2025 = 4333,5 2.
) :
J .. = 
= 
= 3218990,6 4 = 3,22 ·106 4.
J .. = 
= 
= 341718,75 4 = 0,34 ·106 4.
J = J .. - J .. = 3,22 ·106 - 0,34 ·106 = 2,88·106 4.
) :
r i = 
= 
= 25,77 .
³:
) = 4333,5 2;
) J = 2,88·103 4;
) r i = 25,77 .
3
:
d = 
= 
= 4,5 ;
L1 = 10· L = 10·1=10= 104;
F = 1,2 ;
[σ]=140 ;
=2·105 .
) Fmax, -?
) dmin, -? :
) ΔL1, -? 
≤ [σ]
= = 
= 15,89 2.
) , :
Fmax = ·[σ] = 15,89·140 = 2225,5 = 2,23 .
) :
= 
= 
,
dmin = 
= 
= 3,30 .
)
ΔL1 = 
= 
= 37,76 .
³:
) Fmax = 2,23 ;
) dmin = 3,30 ;
) ΔL1 = 37,76 .
4
:
F = 1,2 ; 
= 45 ;
L = 1 = 103;
[σ]=140 ;
=2·105 .
) Fmax, -?
) min, -?
)Δ, -?
σ = 
≤ [σ]
WX , :
WX = 
= 
= 15187,5 3;
. = F·L
:
= [σ]
) , :
Fmax = 
= 
= 2126,3 = 2,13.
) :
Wmin = 
= 
,
min = 
= 
= 37,28 .
) :
Δ = 
= 
= 5,8 ;
J = = = 341718,75 4.
³: ) Fmax = 2,13 ; ) min = 37,28 ; ) Δ = 5,8 .
5
:
d = 45 ;
L =1= 104;
= 0,35 ·;
φ = 8;
G =0,8·105 ;
[τ]=70 .
) max, · -?
) dmin, -?
) φ, · -?
τ = 
≤ [τ]
W = 
= 
= 17883,28 3;
) :
max = W· [τ] = 17883,28 · 70 = 1251829,6 · = 1,25 ·.
) :
dmin = 
= 
= 25,43 .
) φ
φ = 
J
J = 
= 
= 402373,83 4.
φ
φ = φ · 
= 8· 
= 0,14 .
|
|
|
φ = 
= 
= 45065,87· 102 · = 4,51 ·.
³: ) max = 1,25 ·; ) dmin = 25,43 ; ) φ = 4,51 ·.
6
:
F = 1,2 ;
d = = 45 ;
L = 1 = 103;
=2·105 .
) λ -?
) F, -?
) d min, -?
)
λ = 
= 
= 
= 177,7.
= 
.
) ,
F = 
= 
= 99181,12 = 99,18 .
J = = 
= 201186,9 4.
)
dmin = 
= 
= 14,9 .
³:
) λ = 177,7;
) F = 99,18 ;
) dmin = 14,9 .
̲Ͳ ²
15
: ...-23
..
: ...
- 2010
7
:
D = 500 ;
p = 8 ;
[σ] = 140 ;
δ = 6 .
) σ max, -?
) p max, -?
) δmin, -?
)
σ max = σ t = 
= 
= 333,3 ;
) , σ = [σ]
max = 
= 
= 3,36 ;
)
δmin = 
= 
= 14,3 ;
³:
) σ max = 333,3 ;
) max = 14,3 ;
) δmin = 14,3 .
8
:
d =dp = 22 ; )
t = 1,5 ;
[σ] = 140 ;
F = 1,2 .
) -?
) d1, -?
) F max, -?
)
d1 = d 0,7 · t = 22 0,7·1,5 = 19,9 ;
) σ = [σ]
F max = 
· [σ] = 
· 140 = 43521,499 = 43,52 .
³:
) d1 = 19,9 ;
) F max, = 43,52 .
9
:
F = 1,2 ;
d = 22 ;
k = 6;
[τ]=0,5· [σ] =
=0,5·140= 70 .
)τ, -?
) s -?
) F max, -?
)
τ = 
≤ [τ]
τ = 
= 4,13 ;
)
s = 
= 
= 16,95;
) , 璺
F max = [τ] ·π·d ·0,7· k = 70 · 3,14 · 22·0,7·6 =20309,52 = 20,31 .
³:
) τ = 4,13 ;
) s = 16,95;
) F max = 20,31 .
10
:
d1 = 120 ;
d2 = 300 ;
z1 = 25;
z2 = 65;
z1' = 10;
z2 = 20;
D = 400 ;
n = 1500 /.
) u max -?
) u -?
) v, / -?
) ,
u2 = 
= 
= 2,5; u3 = 
= 
= 2,6; u4 = 
= 
= 2;
u max = u3 = 2,6;
)
u = u2· u3· u4 = 2,5 ·2,6·2 = 13;
)
|
|
|
ω1 = 
= 
= 157 /;
ω = 
= 
= 12,1 /;
v = 
= 
= 2420 / = 2,42 /.
³:) u max = 2,6; ) u = 13; ) v = 2,42 /.
11
:
η1 = 0,88;
η2 = 0,94;
η3 = η1 = 0,88;
= 180 ·.
)η -?
) 1, ·-?
) 1, -?
) ...
η = η1· η2· η3 = 0,88·0,94·0,88 = 0,728;
)
1 = 
= 
= 19,02 · = 0,019 ·;
u ( u = 13)
)
1 = 1 · ω1 = 0,019·157 = 2,98 .
³:
) η = 0,728;
) 1 = 0,019 ·;
) 1 = 2,98 .
12
:
z1 = 25;
z2 = 65;
m = 4 .
)h, -?
) da2, -?
) aw, -?
)
h = 2,25· m = 2,25·4 = 9 ;
)
da2 = d2 +2m = m ·z2 +2m = 4·65+2·4 = 268 ;
)
aw = 
= 
= 180 .
³:
) h = 9 ;
) da2 = 268 ;
) aw = 180 .
