| 1) abuse | a) |
| 2) adjustment | b) |
| 3) assessment | c) ; |
| 4) behavior | d) , |
| 5) disorder | e) |
| 6) dependent | f) , |
| 7) disability | g) , |
| 8) disadvantage | h) , |
| 9) community | i) ; |
| 10) distress | j) |
IV. :
1. Ships may need also provisions and fresh water for their crews.
2. The camel can go without food for a long time.
3. He must do these exercises today.
V. , -, - , :
1. I'll have written him a letter.
2. She has gone out.
3. Kramskov was highly estimated by his contemporaries because he was a perfect portrait painter and a psychologist
4. This professor makes a lot of experiments.
VI. :
Friendly, ridiculous, late, little, small, young, thin, thick, tall, fine.
3
I. :
THE GROWTH OF SOCIAL SERVICES
In medieval times in Europe, the Church was the only organized body which could try to relieve poverty. In fact, the Church, particularly through its monasteries, provided most of what are now known as the social services, especially education and the care of the poor and the sick. The guilds and manors also played their part. In country areas, the lord of the manor often made himself responsible for helping the poor and needy.
This system broke down in some European countries and also in England in the 16th century. In 1601 the English parliament passed the act which has become known as the Elizabethan Poor Law. This aimed to keep law and order and made arrangements for money to be raised and used to help the aged, orphans, and the unemployed. But poor-law assistance was always grudgingly offered, for people were regarded as somehow responsible for their poverty and were harshly treated by the authorities. Moreover, it was considered shameful to have to depend on financial assistance in order to survive. It was only in the late 19th century that social and welfare services became widely available, and, even then, not in all countries.
II. 5
III.
| 1) assistance | a) , |
| 2) official | b) |
| 3) unemployed | c) |
| 4) overseer | d) |
| 5) alms | e) |
| 6) orphan | f) |
| 7) welfare | g) |
| 8) guardian | h) |
| 9) poor | i) |
| 10) poverty | j) , |
IV. :
|
|
|
1. Students must not be late for their lessons.
2. The camel can carry heavy lads across great deserts.
3. He may sleep in this room.
V. , -, - , :
1. When he entered the room Peter realized that he had not only forgotten to take the text-book but the notebooks as well as.
2. Usually we translate from English into Russian quite quickly.
3. Ill be waiting for you at the trolleybus stop at six o'clock.
4. Every day we got up very early and worked from eight in the morning till six o'clock in the evening.
VI. :
New, straight, few, easy, busy, dirty, famous, difficult, many, serious.
4
I. :
EVOLUTION OF SOCIAL WORK
Social work as a profession engaged in rendering services intended to aid disadvantaged, distressed or vulnerable persons or groups appeared in the 19th century. But before that there were different public officials who helped distressed people.
In modern times the term almoner has also been used in Britain for a trained social worker, usually a woman, qualified to work in a medical setting. In this sense almoner was superseded in 1964 by the title medical social worker. Now the term is used in Britain as well as in the United States.
Other officers who helped distressed people before appearance of social workers were overseers of the poor, people who in 16th- and 17th-century England and Colonial America were appointed as public officials to help collect local taxes and use these funds to provide relief for the destitute and, primarily, jobs for the able-bodied unemployed. Overseers of the poor were established in the Henrician Poor Law of 1536 and served as local officials for the government and for churches. The term overseer of the poor has two synonyms guardian of the poor and guardian. Some social welfare historians trace the evolution of the modern social work profession to the overseers of the poor.
