Mn2+ :
2[Ag(NH3)2]+ + Mn2+ + 3H2O = ↓2Ag + ↓MnO(OH)2 + 4NH4+.
.
. . [Ag(NH3)2]+. ? (I)?
II
II II ( Pb2+) AgCl Hg2Cl2 NH3 ( Hg22+ Ag+).
.
1. , , .
2. II , 1,5- . , , .
3. , . . . .
4. PbCl2, KJ. , Pb2+.
5. NH3. Hg2Cl2. [Ag(NH3)2]+.
Ag+ AgJ AgCl.
6. . .
III - : Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+. , , .
, , , , Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ .
, , .
Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+
1. .
Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ :
Me2+ + SO42 = MeSO4↓.
, :
, , .
BaSO4, CaSO4 . SO4 , SrSO4 , SO4 . , CaSO4 . SO4 SrSO4 :
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CaSO4 + (NH4)2SO4 = (NH4)2[Ca(SO4)2].
SO4 , 3, :
↓MeSO4 + CO32 = ↓MeCO3 + SO42.
Na2CO3 ( ) 5-6- Na2CO3 2CO3 ( ).
. Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ 1,5- 2SO4. . . CaSO4 , . CaSO4 , . ? ?
2. .
, CaSO422 Ba2+ Sr2+ . , SrSO4 - , , . : CaSO4 SO42 310-3. SO4, , 1103 . SrSO4 Sr2+
,
.
. Ba2+, Sr2+ Ca2+ . . SrSO4 2-3 . . ?
3. .
K2CrO4 K2Cr2O7 Ba2+ Sr2+ MeCrO4:
Me2+ + CrO42 = ↓MeCrO4;
2Me2+ + Cr2O72 + H2O = 2MeCrO4↓ + 2H2+.
, , SrCrO4=2,24.10-5
, CrO4. < 7 .
2Cr2O7 , -, 2Cr2O7 CrO42 :
Cr2O72 + 2 D 2 CrO42 + 2+.
-, CrO4 Cr2O7. 2+ ~5, 3Na, :
32 + + D 3.
Ba2+ Sr2+ Ca2+, .
. Ba2+, Sr2+ Ca2+ 2CrO4. . HCl CH3COOH. 2Cr2O7. .
4. .
(NH4)2C2O4 III :
2+ + 242 = ↓24.
. , :
, , .
Ca24 , 24 SrC2O4 , .
. Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, (NH4)2C2O4. 2 : ) HCl; ) 3. .
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5. .
(NH4)23 Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ , :
2+ + 32 = ↓3.
, , .
.
. Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+ (NH4)23, HCl 3.
6. .
- , -, - .
. 3 1 , (, ) Ba2+, Sr2+, Ca2+, .
2+
Ba2+ , .
1.
4-5, .. , Ba2+ , . Sr2+ Ca2+ . Pb2+. .
. 3Na K2Cr2O7. . .
Sr2+
Sr2+ .
1. .
Ba2+ Pb2+ CaSO42H2O.
. CaSO42H2O. 5 . 10-15 . .
2+
Ca2+ .
1. .
CaSO42H2O, . .
. , 2N 2SO4, . .
Ba2+ Sr2+ : Ba2+, Sr2+ Ca2+ 1,5- 2N 2SO4, 5-6 , . , Ca2+ SO42, . .
2. (II) .
K4[Fe(CN)6] Ca2+ Sr2+. :
Ca2+ + 2NH4+ + [Fe(CN)6]4 = ↓Ca(NH4)2[Fe(CN)6]
, , Sr2+. ~9, .
. 2 N4Cl NH3 K4[Fe(CN)6]. 2-3 . ? . . 2+ K4[Fe(CN)6]. 2+ 2+ .
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III
Ba2+, Sr2+ Ca2+ .
Ba2+ Sr2+.
K2Cr2O7 , , :
Cr2O72 + H2O D 2CrO42 + 2H+,
HCrO4 + H+ D H2CrO4,
Cr2O72 + H2O D HCrO4,
Ba2+ + CrO42 D BaCrO4.
, : H2CrO4, HCrO4, CrO42, [H+] .
, 1106 /, BaCrO4 [CrO42], :
.
- (α2) :
[+], [CrO42], C = 0,1 , .
/.
. ~5, [H+], 105, α2 = 3,110-2.
/.
/
, . SrCrO4?
-/,
.. 2+ Sr2+ .
1. .
1,5 ~4-5 ( ). . . 2+ Sr2+, Ca2+.
2. Sr2+ Ca2+ .
Na2CO3 . , , .
3. Sr2+.
Sr2+ .
4. Sr2+ Ca2+.
Sr2+, Ca2+. (NH4)2SO4: , . .
5. 2+.
: , . 2+.
6. .