(Absolute Participial Construction)
( ) . , . . , , , , , , , , .
The engineers having tested this device,we can use it. | , . |
New machines were brought to the plant,all ofthembeing in good order. | , . |
The signal given,the rocket starts immediately. | ( ) , . |
There being many people in the conference hall,we could not enter it. | , . |
(The Gerund)
, , I, -ing, . , . , , ..
, , .
The engineer insisted on experimentingas the best method to solve this problem. | . |
The method of Kurchatov's experimentingusually gave excellent results. | . |
, .
Studying the results of the experiment took me a week. | . |
The professor insisted on our designinga new type of semiconductor radio set. | , . |
1.
gerund | Active | Passive |
Indefinite | examining | being examined |
Perfect | having examined | having been examined |
Indefinite Gerund (Active Passive) , , - , .
In describing the experiment he gives every detail of the process. | , . |
Perfect Gerund (Active Passive) , , -.
I know of your having describ ed the experiment. - , .
2.
Measuring temperature is necessary in many experiments. . | |
had to stop experimenting. . | |
succeeded in obtaining reliable results. . | |
( of) | These devices have the advantage of being cheap. , . |
( ) | The engineer could solve this problem only after experimenting. . |
|
|
3. (Gerundial Construction)
, . , , , , , .
His taking part in the development of the new cooling system was of great help to us. | To, , . |
Kurchatov's having devoted all his life to nuclear physics is known to everybody. | , , . |
4. Participle I Gerund
Participle I | Gerund | |
Testing a new device is a difficult task. . | ||
( ) | likes testing new devices. . thought of testing this device later. , | |
The engineer is testingthis new device now. . She has been working at this plant since 1955. 1955 . | ||
began these parts. . | ||
The man testing new devices is our engineer. , , . | This method of testingnew devices is quite good. . | |
(While) testing a new device the engineer used a new method. , . | Upon testing a new device the engineer put down the data. . |