, (keyboard). , . -. , .
, . . :
, / :
floppy disk drive, FDD, ( ), ( ) ; 3,5 5,25 ( inch ″). [1] 3,5- 1,44 (1 457 664 );
- CD-ROM drive, CD ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory), - ( .. ); CD ROM , , , .. ( 2, 4 ..). - 650-700 . CD ROM - CD-R , - CD-RW ;
3 5, 650 ;
ZIP- (Iomega ZIP) 3, 100 ;
JAZZ- (Iomega JAZZ) 3, 4 ; - / ;
( 60 10 );
-:
(mouse) , ; ; ( RS-232, , PS/2) , . , (track ball);
, ; , ..;
; , ;
, ;
; : , , . . , . , . , . , . , , , , (CMYK cyan, magenta, yellow, black). , , ; ; .
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() , .. ;
:
- , ; -, , ; (internal, ) (external);
( ; 8, 16, 32 ) , ; - Sound Blaster Creative; ;
, ;
, ;
(UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply) - .
, . LPT ( ) COM ( ).
(keyboard) ( ); ( ); ( DIN-5 PS/2) , .
2 : - - . (2 ) 14, 15, 17, 19, 21 .. , ( ). :
- ( 640480, 800600, 1024768, 12801024 ..);
- (16 , 256 , HighColor 65 . , TrueColor 16,7 . );
- ( 75 );
- (0,28 , 0,27 . , ).
, ( , , ). (16 Mb, 32 Mb ..) . , .
( ; ) ( , , , ).
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: SVGA (SuperVideo Graphic Adapter), VGA (Video Graphic Adapter) EGA (Extended Graphic Adapter), CGA (Color Graphic Adapter), Hercules. , [2] .
(desktop) (mini-tower, middle-tower, tower).
( , , CPU, ). . , . . () .
Intel: 86, 286, 386SX, 386DX, 486SX, 486DX, 486DX2, 486DX4, Pentium, Pentium Pro, PentiumII, PentiumIII Celeron, PentiumIV, Xeon. (AMD - Advanced Micro Devices, Cyrix, Texas Instruments) . , AMD: K5, K6, K7 Athlon Duron.
, () , (, MHz). , . 486- 66 , PentiumIV 2 .
:
( , ROM Read-Only Memory) , () POST (Power-On Self Test ) BIOS (Basic Input/Output System /). AMI, Award, Phoenix. ( Flash BIOS). BIOS, , .
CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) , . , , , , DOS ( ), , . CMOS , () . CMOS , , ;
cash () , ; ;
(, RAM Random Access Memory ) , ( ). , . 128 Mb, 256 512 .
( , , , hard disk drive, HDD) . . ( IBM, Quantum, Seagate, Western Digital) , (: 2,1 Gb, 3,2 Gb, 4,5 Gb, 6,5 Gb ., : 40 Gb, 60 Gb, 80 Gb ) IDE SCSI ().
(motherboard, mainboard, MB) , (, slot) ( , .), ( ) . (Intel, Asustek, Acorp .), , , .
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. , . . / . DMA (Direct Memory Access ).
(PCI Peripheral Control Interface) (16- ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) 16- ; 32- EISA (Extended ISA) VESA (Video Electronic Standard Association). IDE (Integrated Device Electronics), EIDE (Extended IDE), SCSI (Small Computer System Interface), SCSI-2. , .
, .
(, <Ctrl>, <Alt>, <Shift>) . , .
, : , , .., .
<Enter> (, ) -; , , ..
<Esc> (escape , ) -: , , ..
<F1> <F12> - . , , .
<PrtScr> (<PrtScreen>, <PrintScreen> ) .
<ScrollLock> ( ) .
<Pause> (<Break>), .
<Ctrl> (control ) <Alt> (alternative ) - ( ) - . .
, Windows.
<PgUp> (<PageUp> ), <PgDn> (<PageDown> ), <Home>, <End> ← ↑ → ↓ - , , . , , , ..
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<PgUp> <PgDown> . <Home> <End> . ; , , ..
(-) , . , . . , . , . , , - .
<Shift> (shift) - . , , . .
<CapsLock> (capitals lock) . ; , ( ) . CapsLock , , <Shift-> . CapsLock , , <Shift-> - .
<Tab> ( ) ( ).
<BkSpace> (<BackSpace>, ←) . <BkSpace> , ( , ).
<Del> (<Delete>) , Windows . , , <Del> ; , <Del> .
<Ins> (<Insert> ) ( ) ( , ); .
<NumLock> (numbers lock), . . , . , . ( ) <Ins>, <Del> <Enter>.
. . , , . , , .
: , , .
. , -, . . . - , . . - .
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, .
.
() , .
, , , , .