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Chemistry and civilization
Modern civilization depends on the production of consumer goods, and many steps in manufacturing involve chemical modification. This applies to the production of mineral-based products in mining and refining, and no less to the production of animal- and plant-based products. Agriculture depends on chemically designed pesticides, fertilizers, and growth promoters. Food production requires chemical analysis for quality control and the addition of preservatives, flavorings, and coloring matter. Wood is increasingly modified before use as a constructional material. The production of paper is heavily dependent on chemical processing. And the purity of our water supplies depends on analysis and chlorination to kill harmful bacteria.
Why study chemistry?
The contribution of chemistry to other sciences has been emphasized in this Introduction. Most research in chemistry is now oriented toward the understanding and improvement of processes in some nonstrictly chemical area. However, fundamental research in chemistry is as exciting and important as ever. The chemists who painstakingly gathered butterflies to identify the pigment contained in their wings discovered the first compound of the type known as a pterin, a double-ring system containing four nitrogen atoms and six carbons. Some years later, pterins were found as essential components of all cellular matterthe earlier information was crucial in this recognition. In this way, much of the understanding depends on knowledge of fundamental chemical properties and structures. Today, in every science, a knowledge of chemistry is important. The advances of the next 100 years will depend still more on relating the properties and functions of substances with their molecular composition.
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