, . , 13. , , , , .
, , , , . , , , 20- : , [] ; , , , , , , , ..., : , , , 1913 . 105 956 , , (71 611) (46 196), ...14.
: , , , , ? , , . . : , . Rosenfeld'a,
113 . ., . .
.
, 1984, 7, . 31. : - -
(
) , 5,2% ,
23,6% .
84 63%
, 25% , ; 6%
( . . .
XX . ., 2003, . 284).
14 . . -
. , 1923; 18-20, . 507.
, ... , . , 15. , , , -, XIX . : ( . . .) , ... , ... , ( )16.
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|
-, , . , , , , , , , , , . XIX . , . , , ! XIX . 20% , 2%17, 1% 1930- .18, 19. 1901 . 18 . , 1982 ., , 19. 1906 . 3756 , 1983 ., -
15 , . 508.
16 ... . 36.
17 Emerson H. Measles and Whooping Cough. Incidence, Fatality and Death Rates in Thirty
Two Cities of the United States, in Relation to Administrative Procedures Intended for Control,
1924-1933 // Sub-Committee on Evaluation of Health Department Practices, Committee on
Administrative Practice, American Public Health Association, 1934.
18 Forbes D. Measles mortality. Lancet 1933; 2:253-255.
19 Joet F. et al. Survey on vaccinations in Europe: adverse effects, epidemiology, laws, and
EFVV proposals. Medical Veritas 2005, 2:1-37.
, 20 . , 99% !20 : , , , 1930-1935 . , . ... 1933 . 34,9%, 1938-1941 . 7,7-8,3%, 1943 . 1,6% ( )... 50- 1,8-2,5 100 . . - 0,23 100 . 21.
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|
, 1920 . 465048 , 7600 ( 1,634%). 1960 . ( ), , 441703 , 380 ( 0,086%). , 40 19 - (, , ) .
, 1913 ., , . () ,
20 Ibid.
221 . . ... . 260-261.
, , , .
,
. ,
, :
. . . : ,
, , .
, ( . . .),
.. , !
(Mendelsohn R. How to raise a healthy child... in spite of your doctor. NY, 1984, p. 23).
, , ( ) 22. , . , , , , , I . , . , ( ), . - 23. 24 25. , , , , , , 26. !
100 000 ME , ,
22 Semba R. D. Vitamin A as Anti-
Infective Therapy, 1920-1940. Journal ofNutrition 1999; 129:783-791.
23 World Bank (1993) World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. New York, Oxford
University Press.
24 Hussey G. D., Klein M. A randomized, controlled trial of vitamin A in children with severe
measles. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990; 323:160-4.
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25 Klein M., Hussey G. D. Vitamin A reduces mortality and morbidity in measles. S. Afr. Med. J.
July 21, 1990; 78(2):56-8, Rahmathullah L. et al. Reduced mortality among children in southern
India receiving a small weekly dose of vitamin A. N. Engl. J. Med. Oct 4, 1990; 323(14):929-35,
West K. P. Jr. et al. Efficacy of vitamin A in reducing preschool child mortality in Nepal. Lancet
July 13, 1991; 338 (8759):67-71, Herrera M. G. et al. Vitamin A supplementation and child sur-
vival. Lancet Aug 1, 1992; 340(8814):267-71, Fawzi W. W. Vitamin A supplementation and child
mortality. JAMA 1993; 269:898-903, Sommer A. Vitamin A, infectious disease, and childhood
mortality: a 2 solution? J. Infect. Dis. May 1993; 167(5): 1003-7.
26 Griffiths J. K. The vitamin A paradox. J. Ped. November 2000; 137:5.
27. . , , 200000 ME 28, 400000 ME. , 29.
, , , , , . , . , , , , , 30. , : , , . , , , , , 31.
. , , , , . - . -
27 Kawasaki Y. et al. The efficacy of oral vitamin A supplementation for measles and respiratory
syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Kansenshogaku Zasshi Feb 1999; 73(2):104-9.
28 Barclay A. J. G. et al. Vitamin A supplements and mortality related to measles: a randomized
clinical trial. BMJ 1987; 294(294-296).
29 Hussey G. D., Klein M. Routine high-dose vitamin A therapy for children hospitalized with
measles. J. Trop. Pediatr. Dec 1993; 39(6):342-5.
30 Semba R.D.etal. Reduced seroconversion to measles in infants given vitamin A with measles
vaccination. Lancet May 1995; 345:1330-2.
331 Semba R. D. et al. Effect of vitamin A supplementation on measles vaccination in nine-month-
old infants. Public Health July 1997; 111:245-7. . . S. et al. Randomised trial
of effect of vitamin A supplementation on antibody response to measles vaccine in Guinea-Bis-
sau, west Africa (Lancet July 1997; 350:101-5), -
.
, , . MMR . 9-14- ; , MMR, 30-42- 32. , , , MMR ( , , ), . , , . , : ( ) , , , , 33. : , ?
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, (. ), , , . , 1996 ., , , , , , , 34. , , , , . , , , ?35 , , ,
32 Yalcin S. S. The effect of live measles vaccines on serum vitamin A levels in healthy children.
Acta PaediatrJpn Aug 1998; 40:345-9.
33 Nakayama T. et al. Long-term regulation of interferon production by lymphocytes from chil
dren inoculated with live measles virus vaccine. J. Infect. Dis. Dec 1988; 158(6):1386-90.
34 Shaheen S. O. et al. Measles and atopy in Guinea-Bissau. Lancet June 29, 1996(347): 1792-96.
35 Lovik M. Do infections reduce the development of allergy? Do measles reduce the risk of al
lergic disease? Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen Feb 20, 1997; 117(5):688-90.
, . , , , , , . , , , 36.
(, ) , . , ( ) 37, , . , , , , , , , .
1940- . . - . 1954 . . (1897-1985), . , 1960- . .
1971-72 . MMR (, , ). , ( ), ( ) ().
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36 Ronne . Measles virus infection without rush in childhood is related to disease in adult life.
Lancet January 1985; (5)1-5.
37 Grote D. et al. Neutrophils Contribute to the Measles Virus-induced Antitumor Effect: En-
hancement by Granulocyte Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor Expression. Cancer Re-
search Oct 1, 2003; 63(19):6463-8.
MMR . . , : , , , 38.
, - (, ) . 3-4 , . , , , MMR, - , ( 2-3 ), . 28 21 39. - MMR . , , , 1970- . MMR 15 , . MMR 12 ( - , ), , .
38 SandallR. MMR RIP? The Sunday Times Magazine (UK) December 13, 2003.
39 Wakefield A., Montgomery S. M. Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine: through a glass, darkly.
Adverse Drug. React. Toxicol. Rev. 2000; 19(4):265283. ,
, , -
, :
MMR .
! . MMR , , .
1940- ., , . (1894-1981) 1943 . , , 1970- ., 1988 ., MMR40, , , , . . , , . , 12-18 , ( , , , , ) . , , ( ), , ., , . 35 , ( , , , ).
, MMR. , , (, , ) ,
40 , 1980 . 1 10 000 , , (NIH) 1 250, ( 1 166). , 10% .
MMR 5 . - , - MMR ( , , , ), , , . MMR. - , - (), 1950-, 1960-, 1970- . , , . , . , , , , , , . , , . , , - , 20 25% . , . ... ... , [], , , , , , , , , 41.
41 Coulter H. L. Vaccination, Social Violence and Criminality. The Medical Assault on the American Brain. Washington, 1988, pp. xiii-xiv. , (. 156) , : ... , ... ... (Poser . . Neurologic Syndromes that Arise Unpredictably. Consultant January, 1987; 45-55). , 7 28% ( . ., -
1998 . , - , MMR. ( , ) , . (Royal Free hospital) -. 12 ( , , , , 39), . : , . 42. , ' , , ( -). , , . ( : ) . ( , , 135 (!) ) MMR, . , . , 75 91 , ,