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8 Lexicology as a branch of linguistics. Definition of the notion of Lexicology. Object, subject, aim and tasks of lexicology. Kinds of lexicology. Links of Lexicology with other branches of Linguistics. General problems of the theory of word. Methods of lexicological research.

9 Word-meaning. Semantics as a branch of Lexicology studying meaning: Semasiology as a branch of Semantics; Onomasiology as a branch of Semantics. Approaches to the study of meaning: Referential approach to meaning; Functional approach to meaning. Types of word-meaning: Grammatical meaning; Lexical meaning; Part-of-speech meaning; Denotative and significative meanings; Connotative meaning; Emotive charge and sociostylistic reference of words; Pragmatic meaning; Word-formation meaning. Morpheme-meaning: Definition of morpheme; Types of morpheme-meaning: Lexical meaning of morphemes; Functional or part-of-speech meaning of morphemes; Differential meaning of morphemes; Distributional meaning of morphemes. Word-meaning and motivation: Definition of motivation; Types of motivation: Phonetic motivation of words; Morphological motivation of words; Semantic motivation of words. Change of meaning: Causes of semantic change: Extralinguistic causes of semantic change; Linguistic causes of semantic change. Nature, results and types of semantic change: Similarity of meanings or metaphor; Contiguity of meanings or metonymy; Types of semantic change without the transfer of name: Specialization and generalization of meanings; Amelioration and pejoration of meanings; Hyperbole, litotes, irony, euphemism, disphemism, taboo. Polysemy: The notion of polysemy; Approaches to polysemy: Diachronic approach to polysemy; Synchronic approach to polysemy. Homonymy: Definition of homonymy; Homonymy of words and homonymy of word-forms; Classification of homonyms: Full and partial homonymy; Classification of homonyms by the type of meaning; Classification of homonyms by the sound-form, graphic form and meaning. Sources of homonymy: divergent meaning development; Convergent sound development. Differentiation of polysemy and homonymy. Word-meaning in syntagmatics and paradigmatics: Definition of syntagmatics and paradigmatics; Conceptual or semantic fields; Hyponimic (or hierarchical) structures and lexico-semantic groups; Synonymy and antonymy.

10 Word-structure. Segmentation of words into morphemes: Types of word segmentability. Classification of morphemes. Procedure of morphological analysis. Morphemic types of words.

11 Word-formation. Definition and basic types of word-formation. Affixation: Prefixation; Suffixation. Composition or compounding. Conversion. Abbreviation and shortening: Abbreviation; Shortening or contraction. Back-formation or reversion. Hybrids. Substandard types of word-formation.

12 Etymological survey of the English word-stock. Words of Indo-European origin. Words of Germanic origin. Borrowings and loan-words. Etymological doublets.

13 English vocabulary as a system. Geolectal differentiation of the English vocabulary: regional, territorial and local differentiation of the English vocabulary. Ethnic differentiation of the English vocabulary. Social differentiation of the English vocabulary: Socio-professional differentiation of the English vocabulary; Socio-corporative and subcultural differentiation of the English vocabulary. Age and Gender differentiation of the English vocabulary. Stylistic differentiation of the English vocabulary.

14 English phraseology. Notions of lexical and grammatical valency. Definition of a phraseological unit. Classification of phraseological units: phraseological fusions or idioms; phraseological unities; Phraseological collocations.

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