, , . , , , . . [11]
- , , , . - , , . . , (shear-thinning) " (). , . [11]
1 : 1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
3. ?
:
2 : - , - , - , .
:
.
. 106 -1, . :. [11]
(ASTM D 445) - . - 10 -1. . [11]
(ASTM D 4624 D 5481) . 106 -1. , . , (HTHS) 150 oC 106 -1. HTHS , ASTM D 4683 (. ). [11]
.
. (CCS), (MRV), (TBS). , . [11]
|
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(ASTM D 4684) MRV, , . - . , , , , . MRV , , , , . ( 60000 SAE J 300), , " ". SAE 10W, , 60000 -30oC . 1 50 c-1.
( 1 105 ) ( 102 c-1). [11]
ASTM D 2983 - . 500 900000 × , .
1000 900000 ×. X4 500 1700 × , . - -5 -40oC.
ASTM D 5133, , , 1oC/. MRV, ASTM D 5133 . , , 30,000 . () -5oC . , ILSAC GF-2.
(ASTM D 4683) (. ). . [11]
, :
,
V ; r ; g ; d ; - . [12]
|
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, , : .
, ( L R, , ). :
.
, .[12]
1.4. , , .
; : , , .